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THE 

KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

COMPLETE 

MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK, 

CONTAINING 

THE HISTORY, DEFENCE, PRINCIPLES, AND GOVERNMENT OF THE ORDER; THE 
LESSONS OF EACH RANK, AND DUTIES INCIDENT TO EVERY STATION AND 
OFFICE IN SUBORDINATE LODGES ; WITH GEMS OF KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS, IN 
PROSE AND POETRY ; DIRECTIONS AND FORMS FOR LAYING CORNER-STONES, 
DEDICATING CASTLE-HALLS, AND MARSHALING PROCESSIONS; SHORT BIO- 
GRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF PROMINENT MEN IN THE ORDER; EXTRACTS 
FROM REPORTS OF SUPREME AND GRAND CHANCELLORS; FULL STATISTICS, 
SHOWING MEMBERSHIP AND AMOUNTS EXPENDED FOR CHARITABLE PUR- 
POSES SINCE ITS ORGANIZATION, ON THE I9TH DAY OF FEBRUARY, 1 864; 
CONSTITUTIONS OF THE VARIOUS GRAND JURISDICTIONS; THE MOST IM- 
PORTANT BUSINESS FORMS; ODES, WITH MUSIC, FOR VARIOUS OCCASIONS; 
AUTOGRAPHIC LETTERS, ON VARIOUS TOPICS, BY DISTINGUISHED MEN IN 
THE ORDER; DIGEST OF THE DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME CHANCELLORS; 
DIGEST OF THE LEGISLATION OF THE SUPREME LODGE OF THE WORLD; 
CONSTITUTION OF THE SUPREME LODGE OF THE WORLD; RULES OF 
ORDER. ETC. 



^amfetftwla ftefratd 



WITH PORTRAITS OF PROMINENT KNIGHTS, THE EMBLEMS AND 

JEWELS OF THE ORDER, CERTIFICATES OF MEMBERSHIP, 

REGALIA, UNIFORMS, AND REGULATION BANNERS. 



V 



BY 



JNO. VAN VALKENBURG, 

" of ccrJj 

SUPREME CHANCELLOR. 

( 

REVISED EDITION&r. ' Q 2- 9 fyc/'S 
CANTON, OHIO: 

MEMENTO PUBLISHING CO. 

1886. 



H s / 2. i a> 



Copyrighted, i886, 

By MEMENTO PUBLISHING CO. 
Canton, Ohio. 




TO 

Hon. S. S. DAVIS, 

PAST SUPREME CHANCELLOR, 

WHOSE PURITY OF LIFE AND EXALTED WORTH AS A CITIZEN AND 
OFFICER, AND WHOSE ZEAL, INVALUABLE SERVICES, AND UN- 
WAVERING FIDELITY TO THE GRAND AND ENNOBLING 
PRINCIPLES OF OUR BELOVED ORDER HAVE WON 
ENCOMIUMS FROM ALL TRUE KNIGHTS, 

THIS WORK 



% IrafeMalfe ami |ff<#»at*Ia $*duafyi 



JQP> 




1U 




THE generous recognition accorded to the first and second 
editions of " The Knights of Pythias Complete Man- 
ual and Text-Book," by the Pythian Fraternity of our 
land, has induced the author to carefully and thoroughly revise 
the work, and the third edition is now offered to the noble, chiv- 
alric, and cultured Knights throughout the Supreme Jurisdiction. 

Masonry, Odd-Fellowship, and Pythian Knighthood are all 
links of one chain, and powerful agencies in the refinement, 
culture, and elevation of fallen man. Our great exemplars lived 
and flourished on the plains of Sicily over two thousand years 
ago ; and though their bodies have long since mouldered into 
dust, their spirits and deeds survive them, and to-day animate 
and fire the hearts of over one hundred and fifty thousand brave 
Knights. We make this feeble offering for the purpose of inducing 
men to study our principles, usages, symbolism, philosophy, and 
history more closely and critically, and to enlist more scholarly 
pens in their defence and elucidation. 

Damon and Pythias, by a simple illustration of the spirit and 
teachings of Pythagorean philosophy, wreathed their names with 
chaplets of imperishable glory, and 

" Earned names that win 
Happy remembrance from the great and good; 
Names that shall sink not in oblivion's flood, 
But with clear music, like a church bell's chime, 
Sound through the river's sweep of onward rushing time." 

There is a natural tendency in the human heart to venerate and 
admire undaunted bravery, heroic acts, and true, unswerving 
friendship. Republics, empires, and men, under the inexo- 
rable law of decay and change, sink into the dark sea of oblivion ; 
but the principles of our Ritual are eternal. 

We treat man as a social being, and do not seek to affect his 
religious faith, or his obligations to his family or the State. The 
jewels that we garner are the tears that we wipe away and the 



VI PREFACE. 

sorrows we assuage. Our conquests are bloodless ones, but to 
the lasting benefit of the race. How much the world owes to 
those moral heroes who were the actors in that sublime historic 
incident upon which our grand Order is founded, can never be 
fully estimated. Their example fired the hearts of the lamented 
Hines and Woodland, and constrained them to offer up their 
own precious lives in a noble, heroic, and determined effort to 
save the lives of brother Knights, at the burning of the Spots- 
wood Hotel, on the morning of December 25, 1870, at Rich- 
mond, Va., and at the Hudson River Tunnel, on July 21, 1880. 

There are men living to-day who have seen the faces and 
clasped the hands of the men whose names and fame are to be in- 
dissolubly linked with these imperishable, self-sacrificing deeds of 
pure and unsullied friendship in all the on-coming years of time. 
la these noble deeds we have embodied and illustrated a friend- 
ship unsurpassed by anything ever described by the pen of fiction 
or even depicted in dramatic art. This is no fiction, no poetic 
fancy, no sentimental creation. 

These martyrs will live in literature, eloquence, and song. Wri- 
ters will ramble through the rich fields of literature, plucking 
the gems sweet with rich melody, of poetic beauty, or culling 
flowers fragrant with joyous perfume from the gardens of genius, 
with which to weave the garlands of immortality around these 
heroic deeds. Orators will borrow a line from Shakespeare, a 
tear from Milton, a thought sweetly spoken by Keats, or gently 
breathed into verse by Tennyson, sparkling with all their pristine 
loveliness, with which to garnish their eulogies on the names and 
fame of Samuel Holder Hines and Peter Woodland. 

" Thus pass away the men of might, 

Whose noiseless footprints stamped the age ; 
Their thoughts, that filled the earth with light, 
Still glow and blaze on memory's page. 

" There is no death ; 

The stars go down to rise upon some fairer shore, 
And bright in Heaven's jewelled crown 
They shine forever more." 

Just two decades have passed since Pythian Knighthood 



PREFACE. vil 

first savv the light, and to-day nearly two hundred thousand 
gallant men crowd around our altars, erected in two thousand 
Castle Halls, and our annual revenue is more than one million 
of dollars. The Endowment Rank, with its beautiful Ritual, 
provides safe and economical insurance for every Knight. It has 
already paid over two and one-half millions of dollars to the widows 
and orphans of our deceased brothers, and our members are now 
carrying over forty-five millions of dollars of life insurance in 
the Endowment Rank. The Uniform Rank is winning golden 
opinions, and already there have been two hundred and seventy 
Divisions instituted, with a membership of nearly ten thousand 
Sir Knights. 

Soon our Pythian banner, with our motto of Friendship, 
Charity, and Benevolence inscribed upon its ample folds and 
waving lines of beauty, will be kissed by the breezes of every 
land beneath the circuit of the sun. It is 

"Like a tree planted by the rivers of water, that bringeth forth 
his fruit in his season ; his leaf also shall not wither ; and what- 
soever he doeth shall prosper. ' ' 

We have diligently labored to present a succinct and perfectly 
reliable history of the origin, rise, progress, science, philosophy, 
and achievements of this great charitable Order, with brief 
sketches of -those eminent men who have been and are its truest 
exemplars. Its rapid growth is unparalleled in the annals of 
secret societies, and is the marvel of the nineteenth century. 

The higher elevation of the organization must be accomplished 
through the agency of judicious publications. It is the press 
that is elevating Pythianism to a nobler plane; it is the labor of 
scholars that is placing it in the rank of sciences. The more 
that is published by scholarly pens on its principles, practices, 
and usages, the more will other scholars be attracted to its inves- 
tigation. 

The strongest language would but feebly express my gratitude to 
the leading Knights of the country for their unwearied devotion 
and manifold courtesies and acts of kindness to the Author dur- 
ing the preparation of this Manual and Text-Book. 

Fort Madison, Iowa, 
April 15, 1884. 





OFFICE OF 

Supreme Keeper of (Records and Seal, 

Kansas City, Mo., Pythian Period XXI. 

On the 30th day of April, 188 4, the following amongst other 
proceedings were had in the Supreme Lodge Knights of Pythias 
of the World, at its Thirteenth Annual Session, in the City of 
New Orleans, Louisiana, to wit : 

u Whereas, Our Order is in need of all meritorious contributions 
to its limited literature, as invaluable auxiliaries in the great 
work of extending its borders in this and other lands ; and 

" Whereas, S. V. C. Van Valkenburg, of the Grand Jurisdiction 
of Lowa, has expended much time and labor on his Manual and 
Text-Book ; therefore be it 

"Resolved, That we heartily commend such ' Manual and 
Text-Book ' to the Order universal as a concise and perfectly 
reliable history of the origin,- rise, science , philosophy , and achieve- 
ments of this great charitable Order, with complete and valuable 
forms for use of Subordinate and Grand Lodge Officers, as well 
as brief sketches of those eminent men and heroes who have been 
and are its truest exemplars, and concise histories of the Endow- 
ment Rank and Uniform Rank. ' ' 

/ hereby certify that the foregoing contains a full and correct 
transcript of the proceedings of the Supreme Lodge so far as the 
same pertains to " Van Valkenburg' s Knights of Pythias 
Complete Manual and Text-Book. ' ' 

Ln testimony whereof L have hereunto set my hand and affixed 
the seal of said Supreme Lodge on this 30th day of May, 
1884. 

R. E. COWAN, 

[L. s.] S, K. of P. 6- S. 

viii 




PAGE 

A Sketch of the Organization and History of the K. of P, . 17 

A Synopsis of the Origin and History of the K. of P. . . 58 

Objects and Aims of Knights of Pythias 60 

Manual of the K. of P 65 

The First or Initiatory Rank of Page 65 

The Second or Armorial Rank of Esquire ... 6j 

The Third or Chivalric Rank of Knight 68 

Constitution of Supreme Lodge K. of P 72 

By-Laws of Supreme Lodge K. of P. 100 

Rules of Order 102 

The Order of Knights of Pythias 107 

Its Organization, Government, and Legislation, with Practical Reflec- 
tions and Suggestions, 107; Founder, 107; The Subordinate 
Lodge, 108; Honors, 109; Government, no; General Instruc- 
tions for Organization of New Lodges, 112; Form of Petition, 
112; General Instructions to Instituting Officer, 112; Benefits, 
113; Dues, 114; S. A. P. W., 115; Official Receipt, 117; 
Travelling Shield, 117; Trials, 118; Uniform — Regalia, 119; 
New Ritual, 119. 

Form of Installation for Subordinate Lodges .... 120 

Uniform Rank . .130 

General Laws of the Uniform Rank, 130; Constitution for the 
Government of Subordinate Divisions, 149 ; Petition for a Divi- 
sion of the Uniform Rank, 154; Warrant for a Division of the 
Uniform Rank, 155; Instituting Officer's Report, 155; Installing 
Officer's Report, 156. 

(ix) 



X CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Poem — "In Blessing Thou art Blessed" . . . . 157 

Endowment Rank . . . . 159 

General Laws, 159; Constitution for Sections, 164. 

Introduction of the Endowment Rank .... 



Tables of Cost of Insurance in the Endowment Rank, etc. 



176 
181 
186 



The Subordinate Lodge . . . 

How Commenced, 186; Petition, 188; Institution, 188; First Busi- 
ness Meeting, 189; Opening Lodge, 189; Work, with Order of 
Business, 190; Closing Lodge, 192; Workout of the Lodge, 192 
Form of JViinutes, 193; Synopsis of Parliamentary Law, 194. 

Duties and Deportment of Knights .196 

Lodge Attendance, 196; Dues, 198; Debate, 199; Correct Work- 
ing, 199; Voting and Balloting, 200; Duties to Self, Family, 
and Others, 201. 

Committees . . . . . . . . . . 202 

General Duties of Committees, 202 ; Investigating Committee, 203 ; 
Committee on Finance, 204; Auditing Committee, 205; Com- 
mittee to Visit the Sick, 205 ; Trustees, 205 ; Relief Committees, 
206. 

Appointive Officers 208 

Attendants, 209; Outer Guard, 209; Inner Guard, 210; Master-at- 
Arms, 210. 

Elective Officers . . .211 

Keeper of Records and Seal, 211; Master of Finance, 212 ; Master 
of Exchequer, 214; Prelate, 215; Vice Chancellor, 215; Chan- 
cellor Commander, 216; Past Chancellor, 217. 

Grand Lodges . . . .218 

How Commenced and Constituted, 218; Members and Represen- 
tatives, 219; Officers, 220; Grand Outer Guard, 222; Grand 
Inner Guard, 223 ; Grand Master-nt- Arms, 223; Grand Keeper 
of Records and Seal, 223; Grand Master of Exchequer, 224; 
Grand Prelate, 224; Grand Vice Chancellor, 224; District 
Deputy Grand Chancellor, 225] Qrarjd Chancellor, 225 \ Past 
Grand Chancellor, 226= 



CONTENTS. XI 

PAGE 

Supreme Lodge . . 226 

Its Powers, how Constituted and Supported, 226; Officers, 228; 
Supreme Outer Guard, 228; Supreme Inner Guard, 229; 
Supreme Master-at-Arms, 229; Supreme Keeper of Records and 
Seal, 229; Supreme Master of Exchequer, 230; Supreme Prelate, 
231 ; Supreme Vice Chancellor, 231 ; Supreme Chancellor, 231 ; 
Deputy Supreme Chancellor, 232 ; Past Supreme Chancellor, 
233 ; Regalia and Jewels of other Members, 233. 

Funerals 234 

Regalia, 234; Order of Procession, 234; Funeral Services, 235. 

Emblems of Official Rank 237 

Shoulder-Straps for Officers : — Supreme and Past Supreme Chan- 
cellors, 237 ; Past Grand Chancellor, 237 ; Grand Chancellor, 
238; All other Grand Officers, 238 ; Past Chancellor, 238 ; Chan- 
cellor Commander, 238 ; Vice Chancellor, 239; Other Subor- 
dinate Lodge Officers, 239 ; Distinctions, 239. 

The Flag of the Order 240 

The Banner of the Order 240 

Poem — "Abou Ben Adhem M 241 

Odes and Chants for the Order of Knights of Pythias . . 242 
Opening Ode, 242; Closing Ode, 244; Initiatory Anthem, 246; 
Installation Ode (for Subordinate Lodges), 247; Dedication Ode, 
248; Installation Ode .for Supreme and Grand Officers), 250; 
Welcome Song. 251 ; Welcome Song, 252; March for First 
Degree, 254; March for Second Degree, 255 ; March for Third 
Degree, 256; Gran* March (for Reception of Grand Officers or 
Installation), 257; Clasp Hand in Hand, 258; United Now, 
259 ; Grand Rallying Song, 260; Grand March of the K. of P., 
262. 

Blank Forms Used by K. of P 268 

Forms of Records of a Meeting, 268 ; Petition for Dispensation to 
Establish a Lodge, 269; Dispensation to Institute a Lodge, 270; 
Application for Membership, 271; Application for Rank of 
Esquire, 272; Application for Rank of Knight, 273; Certificate 
of Membership, 273; Admission by Card, 274; Reinstatement, 
275; Committee Notice, 276; Notification of Election, 276; 
Notification of Rejection, 277 ; Notification of Indebtedness, 277 ; 






xii CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Notification of Suspension, 278; Official Receipt for Dues, 278; 
Notification of Reinstatement, 279 ; Notice of Rejections. Sus- 
pensions, etc., 279; Notification of Attendance, 280; Officers 
and Committees, 280; Summons, 281 ; Application for Dispensa- 
tion, 281 ; Application for Installation, 282; Certificate of Good 
Standing, 282; Past Chancellor Credential, 283; Past Chan- 
cellor's Transfer Credential, 284; Representative Credential, 
285 ; Petition for Charter, 286 ; Application for Card, 287 ; Dis- 
trict Deputy Grand Chancellor's Commission, 288; Application 
for Initiation and Membership in a Subordinate Lodge, 289; 
Notice to Committee on Applicants, 289; Report on Application, 
289; Petition for Dispensation, 290; Dispensation, 290; Order 
for the S. A. Pass-Word, 290; Notice to Watch with a Sick 
Brother, 291; Petition for Charter or Dispensation, 291 ; Com- 
mission to Institute a Lodge, 291 ; Report of Instituting Officer, 
292; Installation Report, 292; Past Chancellor's Certificate, 
293 ; Representative's Certificate, 293 ; Petition for Removal of 
Lodge, 293 ; Petition for Revival of Defunct Lodge, 294; Appeal 
for Aid Authorized by the Grand Chancellor, 294; Application 
for Sick Benefits when a Brother Resides a Distance from the 
Lodge, 294 ; Physician's Certificate, 295 ; Chancellor Com- 
mander or President of Relief Committee's Statement, 295; 
Withdrawal Card, 295 ; Semi-Annual Report, 296. 

Blanks for Criminal Procedure .... . . 306 

Accusation, 306 ; Notice to Parties Interested, 306 ; Notice to Com- 
mittee on Trial, 307 ; Citation of Accused, 307 ; Summons of 
Witnesses, 308 ; Form for Taking Evidence, 308; Commission to 
Take Deposition, 309 ; Notice to Defendant of Result of Trial ; 
310; Appeal from the Decision, 310; Credentials of Committees, 
etc., 311 ; Report of Delinquent Witnesses, 311 ; Notice of Same 
to Another Lodge, 312; Removal of Case to Another Lodge, 
312 ; Return of Result from that Lodge, 313; Request to a Wit- 
ness Not a Member of the Order, 313. 

Dedication of Halls . . -314 

Organization of the Supreme Lodge, Knights of Pythias . . 324 

Officers and Representatives of the Supreme Lodge from the 
First Annual Session to 1884, inclusive 325 

Supreme Lodge Sessions , ,..,... 327 



CONTENTS. 



xm 



Addresses. 
Monument to Peter Woodland, the Pythian Martyr . . 334 

A Pythian Hero Honored, 338 ; Unveiling the Woodland Monu- 
ment, 339. 

The True Pythian Martyr 344 

Damon and Pythias 350 

Presentation of a Handsome Jewel to Jno. Van Valkenburg, 

S. V. C, and his Reply 354 

Address by Hon. Charles Crowley 357 

Pythagoras . . . 359 

Presentation of a Beautiful Jewel to Thos. R. Gelwicks, G. K. 
of R. and S 370 

Presentation of an Elegant Gold Badge to Nath. W. Hunt, P. C. 371 

Grand Lodge Jurisdictions 328 

The District of Columbia, 328 ; New Jersey, ^2>Z J Pennsylvania, 
340; Connecticut, 341; Maryland, 342; New York, 342; 
Virginia, 343; Delaware, 348; California, 348; Indiana, 349; 
Iowa, 349; Kentucky, 361 ; Massachusetts, 362; Nebraska, 362; 
Ohio, 363; West Virginia, 363 ; Illinois, 363; Minnesota, 364 ; 
New Hampshire, 365; Rhode Island, 368; South Carolina, 368; 
Georgia, 369; Michigan, 369; Missouri, 369; Florida, 371; 
Wisconsin, 372; North Carolina, 372; Hawaiian Islands, 373; 
Alabama, 373; Kansas, 373 ; Maine, 374; Ontario, 374 ; Ten- 
nessee, 374; Nevada, 375; Utah Territory, 375 ; Mississippi, 
375; Texas, 376; Colorado, 376; Arizona Territory, 376; 
Louisiana, 377; Montana Territory, 378; Oregon, 379; Ar- 
kansas, 379; Washington Territory, 379; Manitoba, 380. 



Biographical Sketches. 
Justus H. Rathbone, P. S. C. and Founder of the Order of 
K. ofP 

Wm. Henry Burnett, one of the original four members . 
David L. Burnett, one of the original four members 
Robert Allen Champion, one of the original four members 
Edward S. Kimball, M.D., one of the original four members 

Hon. S. S. Davis, P. S. C 

David Benjamin Woodruff, P. S. C. 



38i 

385 
385 
386 

387 
388 

391 



XIV 



CONTENTS. 



U. R. 



Matt. H. Van Derveer, Esq., one of the original members 
WilHam A. Mestemaker, the Heroic Pythian Martyr 

E. W. Ross 

Henry Shelby Reynolds, P. G. C. 

Jonathan Wood, P. C. 

Thomas E. Wilson, P. C. . 

Hon. Erie J. Leech, P. G. C. and P. S. R, 

Hon. Charles Cowley, P. G. C. 

Gen. William Ward, P. G. C. and S. R. 

Hon. James R. Carnahan, Major- General 

Hon. Jno. P. Linton, P. S. C. . 

Judge G. W. Lindsay, P. S. C. . 

Hon. Francis Graydon Maxwell, P. G. C. 

A True Knight 

Dr. John S. King, P. G. C. and S. R. 

Charles D. Lucas, P. S. P. 

Hon. Howard Malcolm Kutchin, P. G. C 

Hon. Geo. B. Katzenstein, G. C. 

Hon. Samuel Read, P. S. C. 

Hon. William Worth Blackwell, P. G. C. 

Hon, Halvor Nelson, P. G. C. and S. R. 

Charles A. Lee, P. G. C. and S. R. . 



Friendship 

Syracuse 

There Shall be no Pain There . 
Only the Good and the True Abide . 
Immaturity of our Young Men . 
Poem — " Hope, Faith, Love" . 

Charity 

Benevolence 

A Dialogue between Dionysius, Damon, and Pythias 



and 



S. R. 



and 



and 



S. R. 



S. R. 



PAGE 

394 
395 
402 
402 
404 
405 
406 
410 
412 

415 
418 
420 
420 

423 
428 

432 
433 
435 
437 
438 
440 
442 



405, 446, 451 

444 
446 

447 
447 
449 
459 
463 
467 



Memorial Service 

Hymn-— "I Would not Live Alway," 477; March, 484; Hymn-~ 
f 4 Good-Night," 488. 



472 



•4 LIST * OF 4 ILLUSTRATIONS ►• 



K. of P. Frontispiece i 

Hon. Jno. Van Valkenburg, S. C 9 

Justus H. Rathbone, Founder of the Order 18 

E. S. Kimball, Robt. A. Champion, W. H. and D. L. Burnett 18 

Marini's Hall 58 

Friendship = . . . . 60 

Charity 62 

Certificate of Knight .... 64 

Benevolence .. .* 66 

Execution Scene 68 

Certificate Past Chancellor 70 

Past Grand Chancellor 72 

New Regulation Flag and Banners, K. of P. ....142, 743, 144 
New Regulation Uniform for Subordinate Divisions K. of P. 146 
Group of Supreme Chancellors, K. of P. : 

Samuel Reed, Henry Clay Berry, S. S. Davis, David B. 

Woodruff, Geo. W. Lindsey, and John P. Linton 325 

Woodland Monument , . ; 334 

View Spotswood Hotel, Richmond, Va 344 

Samuel Holden Hines 346 

Jewel presented to Thomas R. Gelwicks, G. K. of R. & S. 

Nath. Hunt, D. C, and Hon. Jno. Van Valkenburg, S. V.C 354 

Jewels presented to the Founder of the Order 380 

Hon. S. S. Davis , 387 

D. B. Woodruff, D. S. C 390 

Matt H. Van Der Veer 393 

William A. Mestemaker . . , 394 

E. W. Ross 40 1 

Gen. William Ward 411 

Hon. James R. Carnahan 414 

Peter Woodland 423 

Dr. John S. King 428 

Hon. Geo. B. Katzenstein 435 

Samuel Reed, P. S. C. 437 

Charles A. Lee, P. G. & S. R , 442 

View of Syracuse . . 444 

Diagram Memorial Service. 473 

xv 



DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES 

OF THE 

KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. 

Adopted by the Supreme Lodge Knights of Pythias, August 1 6, 1877. 



Recognizing the universality of human brotherhood, its organiza- 
tion is designed to embrace the world within its jurisdiction — in- 
tended solely and only to disseminate the great principles of Friend- 
ship, Charity, and Benevolence, nothing of a sectarian or political 
character is permitted within its portals. Toleration in religion, 
obedience to law, and loyalty to government, are its cardinal prin- 
ciples. Misfortune, misery, and death being written in fearful char- 
acters on the broad face of creation, our noble Order was instituted 
to uplift the fallen ; to champion humanity ; to be his guide and 
hope ; his refuge, shelter, and defence ; to soften down the asperities 
of life ; to subdue party spirit ; and by the sweet and powerful at- 
tractions of the glorious trinity of Friendship, Charity, and Benevo- 
lence, to bind in one harmonious brotherhood men of all classes and 
all opinions. The brightest jewels which it garners are the tears of 
widows and orphans: and its imperative commands are to visit the 
homes where lacerated hearts are bleeding ; to assuage the sufferings 
of a brother ; bury the dead ; care for the widow, and educate the 
orphan ; to exercise charity toward offenders ; to construe words and 
deeds in their least unfavorable light — granting honesty of purpose 
and good intentions to others ; and to protect the principles of 
knighthood unto death. Its laws are reason and equity ; its cardinal 
doctrines inspire purity of thought and life ; its intention is " peace 
on earth, and good will toward man." 

xri 




THE 

KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 
COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 



A Sketch of the Organization and History of 
the Knights of Pythias. 

PERHAPS no other charitable organization in the country- 
has labored under greater disadvantages, and brought forth 
more beneficial results. Organized during the heat of the 
late civil strife, when society was in a disrupted state, it has 
steadily advanced in numbers and in importance, and is now 
in a flourishing and prosperous condition. The beautiful lesson 
of friendship between Damon and Pythias is sought to be 
practically taught by a ritual which, for beauty and perspicuity 
of language, cannot be surpassed. The strong ties with which 
the members of the Order are bound together, the interesting 
and attractive ceremonies of the degrees, the unfailing interest 
shown for the welfare of the Order, and the generous manner 
in which the membership have ever responded to the appeals 
for charity have endeared their hearts more firmly to its prin- 
ciples, and taught them to believe that " true friendship can 
exist." 

As the early history of the Order cannot fail to be interesting, 
I have collected from the books in possession of the Grand 
Lodge, sufficient \o show its organization and progress. 



1 8 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

The first record appearing upon the books of Washington 
Lodge, No. i, reads as follows: 

"Washington, D. C, Feb. 19, 1864, 

" At * Temperance Hall,' 

" Friday Evening. 
" Upon agreement, a number of gentlemen met, and after some conversa- 
tion upon the subject, they were called to order, and upon motion of Mr. J. 
H. Rathbone a chairman of the meeting was proposed, and Mr. J. T. K. 
Plant was unanimously called to the chair, and D. L. Burnett nominated 
as Secretary. After organizing as above, the object of the meeting was 
stated by Mr. Rathbone to be the organization or foundation of a society, 
its business and operations to be of a secret character, having for its ulti- 
mate object Friendship, Benevolence, and Charity. Before proceeding 
further, those present were requested to subscribe to an oath, laid down after- 
wards in the Initiatory. All present having signified their willingness to do 
so, the same was administered to them, by reading the same, by J. H. Rath- 
bone. After the taking of the oath, on motion, it was resolved that this 
Order be styled the Knights of Pythias.''' 

On motion a committee was appointed to prepare a Ritual of 
opening and closing a Lodge, and of initiation into the same. 
The Chair appointed as said committee Brother J. H. Rath- 
bone, who reported a Ritual, which, upon being read, was 
adopted. After the adoption of the Ritual, the Lodge went 
into an election for officers, with the following result : 

Brother J. H. Rathbone, Worthy Chancellor ; Brother Joel 
R. Woodruff, Vice -Chancellor ; Brother J. T. K. Flsnit, Venerable 
Patriarch; Brother D. L. Burnett, Worthy Scribe ; Brother A. 
Van Der Veer, Banker ; Brother R. A. Champion, Assistant 
Banker; Brother George R. Covert, Assistant Scribe. 

The following officers were appointed by the Worthy Chan- 
cellor : Brothers M. H. Van Der Veer as Worthy Guide, A. 
Roderigue as Inside Steward, and as Choral Knights, Brothers 
Kimball, Roberts, D. L. and W. H. Burnett. 

On motion the Worthy Chancellor appointed the following 
committee to prepare a Ritual for the First Degree, (now the 
Second Degree,) signs, etc. : Brothers Kimball, Champion, and 
W. H. Burnett, V. P. J. T. K. Plant, and W. C. J. H. Rath- 




FOUNDER AND FOUR ORIGINAL MEMBERS. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. IO 

bone as chairman, added. Committees were then appointed 
to procure regalias, appliances, etc., after which the first meet- 
ing of the Order adjourned to meet again on the evening of the 
23d of the same month to perfect the organization. 

At the next meeting (on the 23d) the Committee on Degree 
Ritual presented a report, which was adopted, and ordered to 
be the will of the Lodge, and the committee discharged. 

The various committees appointed at the previous meeting 
also reported, and a committee-was appointed to procure a seal. 

At the next meeting (27th February) various applications were 
received for membership. It also appears that at this meeting a 
committee of three, consisting of V. C. Woodruff, W. C. Rath- 
bone, and Brother D. L. Burnett was appointed to prepare a 
Ritual of the Second (now the Third) Degree, which was soon 
after prepared by the committee, presented to the Lodge, and 
adopted. At the meeting on the 24th of March, the Lodge 
proceeded to an election for officers to serve the ensuing 
quarter, and in addition to the officers elected, Brothers Wood- 
ruff, M. A. Van Der Veer, and Roderigue were elected Repre- 
sentatives "to the Grand Lodge, which was organized on the 
8th of April by members of Washington Lodge. On the 21st 
of April, at a regular meeting of Washington Lodge, Brother 
J. H. Rathbone's resignation of office and membership in the 
Order was presented, read, and accepted. 

Brother Rathbone, at the time of his resignation, occupied the 
position of Venerable Patriarch, he having been the first Chan- 
cellor of Washington Lodge. The fact of being a Past Chan- 
cellor, it would seem, did not require him to fill the office of 
Venerable Patriarch, for after his resignation was received and 
accepted, the Lodge went into an election to fill the vacancy, 
and Brother D. L. Burnett, formerly a Scribe of the Lodge, 
was elected and duly installed into the office. The minutes of 
the Lodge up to this time indicate that the office of Venerable 
Patriarch was the third office in the Lodge, the duties of which 
were to deliver the obligations and open and close the Lodge 
with prayer. The Degrees were at this time known as the Initi- 
atory and First and Second Degrees. 



20 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

The Grand Lodge, which was organized on the 8th of April, 
with J. T. K. Plant as Grand Chancellor, and A. Van Der Veer 
as Grand Scribe, set about forming Lodges elsewhere, and prov- 
identially succeeded in locating one at the Navy- Yard, known 
as Franklin Lodge, No. 2, with the following Charter members: 

Robert I. Middleton, Venerable Patriarch ; Daniel Carrigan, 
Worthy Chancellor ; Edw. Fox, Vice- Chancellor ; Clarence M. 
Barton, Scribe ; James Gill, Banker ; Nicholas Wayson, Guide ; 
Joseph H. Lawrence, Inner Steward ; Hudson Pettit, Outer 
Steward ; Edward Dunn, James W. Kelly, Jasper Scott, George 
Norton, J. H. Wheeler. 

The Lodge was duly instituted on the 12th of April, at the 
Anacostia Engine House, by the officers of the Grand Lodge. 

The history of this Lodge needs no comment. It is the 
history of the Order, which it saved from destruction after her 
sister Lodges around her had ceased to exist. From its very organ- 
ization the members took a lively interest in its welfare, and deter- 
mined that it should become the " Excelsior Lodge " of the Order. 
For nearly eight months it struggled along, the only Lodge of 
the Order in the country ; its little membership meeting with 
rebuffs and sarcasms, and, worse than this, the stinging sin of 
ingratitude from the hands of one who had solemnly sworn to 
maintain and defend its principles. 

On the 19th of May, 1864, the Grand Lodge organized 
Columbia Lodge, No. 3, located at Temperance Hall ; on the 
2d of June, Potomac Lodge, No. 4, was also organized at Temper- 
ance Hall, and afterwards located at Island Hall, on the Island ; 
on the 1 st of February, 1865, Alexandria Lodge, No. 1, of 
Virginia, was organized through the efforts of Brother John H. 
King, of Franklin Lodge, then engaged in the United States 
naval service near Alexandria. Brother King was appointed 
Deputy Grand Chancellor of the State of Virginia. 

The Lodges were at this time in a bad financial condition, 
but doing as well as could be expected under the circumstances. 
Potomac and Columbia Lodges ceased holding meetings in the 
latter part of April in consequence of being unable to secure a 
quorum ; the minutes of Washington Lodge also show that for 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 21 

months at a time no meetings were held, in consequence of not 
being able to secure the number of members necessary to trans- 
act business. Alexandria Lodge ceased holding meetings in 
July, and at the annual session of the Grand Lodge in June, 
1865, but two Lodges were represented, Washington and 
Franklin. 

At that session the following Grand Officers were elected and 
installed : 

Clarence M. Barton, No. 2, Grand Chancellor ; Joseph H. 
Lawrence, No. 2, Vice Grand Chancellor ; Edward Dunn, No. 
2, Grand Marshal ; Wm. Whitney, No. 1, Scribe ; Dr. J. R. 
Keasbey, No. 1, Banker ; John W. Cross, No. 2, Herald ; A. 
Van Der Veer, No. 1, Prelate ; R. V. Henry, No. 1, Inner 
Guardian; J. Titcomb, No. 1, Outer Guardian. 

The Grand Lodge held its last session on the 13th of June, 
1865 ; Washington Lodge, No. 1, ceased holding meetings 
in July of the same year, and petitioned Franklin Lodge to re- 
ceive the members who were in good standing at the dissolution 
of the Lodge ; which was done a short while afterward. A few 
of them were members of Potomac Lodge that had been received 
in membership in a similar manner by Washington Lodge. 
Franklin Lodge, No. 2, upon the 1st of August, 1865, was the 
only Lodge in existence, the Grand Lodge having become de- 
funct from necessity — it not being deemed advisable to con- 
tinue its organization with but one Subordinate Lodge. Frank- 
lin Lodge, however, exercised all the functions of a Grand 
Lodge, its past officers installing the newly elected officers of 
their Lodge each quarter. The work, regalia, etc., in possession 
of Washington Lodge at the time of its decease were turned over 
to Franklin Lodge on the 28th of September, upon the payment 
of $18.75, tne sum necessary to pay one quarter's rent of hall 
due by that Lodge. 

At the close of the year 1865 Franklin Lodge was in a pros- 
perous condition, with a membership of nearly sixty, and nearly 
$200 in the treasury. They had sustained a loss during the year, 
through their Banker, of $255.55. 

At the beginning of the year 1866, the membership made a 



22 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

determined effort to either resuscitate the old Lodges or estab- 
lish new ones. The business of the Order had heretofore been 
conducted in the Knight Degree, but by resolution of the 
Lodge, on the 5th of March, " it was ordered that after the last 
meeting in that month all business, except the conferring de- 
grees, should be done in the Page Degree." During this month 
the Constitution of the Lodge was revised, and two hundred 
copies printed and circulated. The funds on hand at the expira- 
tion of the first quarter in 1866 were still very small, amounting 
to but $123.45. 

At a regular meeting, April 2, Financial Scribe Thomas 
Hamilton moved that a committee of five be appointed to 
canvass the city for the purpose of organizing a new Lodge of 
the Order. The following committee was appointed : Brothers 
Hamilton, Lawson, Cook, King, and Schlief. At the next 
regular meeting, April 9, the committee reported having pro- 
cured fifteen names in favor of forming a new Lodge, and on 
the next meeting night, 18th of April, a charter was granted 
Mount Vernon Lodge, No. 5, by the Past Chancellors of 
Franklin Lodge, and the members duly initiated and instructed 
in the rites and ceremonies of the Order. The following offi- 
cers of this Lodge were installed : 

John I. Downs, Venerable Patriarch; Wm. L. Childs, 
Worthy Chancellor ; John Daughton, Vice- Chancellor ; George 
Schultz, Recording Scribe ; Richard T. Sears, Financial Scribe ; 
John Griggs, Banker ; Wm. A. Cooper, Guide ; Charles Gar- 
diner, Inner Steward ; John Bauman, Outer Steward. 

The installation work was revised, and a committee appointed 
to prepare a design for regalia. A committee was also appointed 
to write copies of the Ritual for Mount Vernon Lodge. 

The Ritual in use at the time, and from the foundation of 
the Order, was in manuscript, and in but few respects like 
the present one. At the close of each degree there was no 
charge or lecture, save an impromptu lecture at the close of the 
Second Degree, then styled the First. The grips, signs, etc., 
were imperfect, and the obligations but repetitions of each other. 

On the 30th of April, 1866, the following petition was re- 
ceived in Franklin Lodge ; 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 1% 

" Washington, D. C. 

"Franklin Lodge, No. 2. 
« Officers and Brothers : 

" I respectfully make application for membership in Franklin Lodge, No. 
2. Having been the sole originator of the Order, and a member in good 
standing of Washington Lodge, No. I, now defunct, I make this application 
from a pure love of the Order and a desire to see it prosper, and I wish to 
devote my energies to the above purpose. 

H Respectfully yours, in F., C, and B., 

" P. C. J. H. RATHBONE." 

P. C.'s J. W. Cross, King, and Barton as a committee ex- 
amined the application, reported favorable, and it was unani- 
mously received. P. C.'s Dunn, Cross, and Barton then con- 
ducted Brother Rathbone into the Lodge, introducing him to 
the W. C. and members. Upon invitation Brother Rathbone 
then gave a history of the organization of the Order, his con- 
nection with it in 1864, and his reasons for resigning his office 
and membership, etc. 

The need of a perfect Ritual, in order to make the ceremonies 
more interesting and attractive, had long been felt, and at this 
meeting of the Lodge the following committee was appointed to 
revise the Ritual, and if possible report at the next meeting 
night : Past Chancellors Rathbone, Barton, Dunn, Cross, Cook, 
F. S. Lawson, and Brother Cooksey of Franklin Lodge, and F. 
- S. Sears and V. P. Downs of Mount Vernon Lodge. On the 
14th of May the committee reported that the Ritual had been 
placed, by their sanction, in the hands of Brother Rathbone for 
revision, and that he had performed his duty and reported to the 
committee, who had unanimously approved of it. The report 
of the committee was received and adopted, and the Ritual now 
in use was read and adopted as the Ritual of the Order, by 
Franklin and Mount Vernon Lodges in joint meeting. It was 
also resolved at this meeting to reorganize the Grand Lodge. 

REORGANIZATION OF THE GRAND LODGE. 

On the 1 st of May, 1866, pursuant to agreement, Past Chan- 
cellors Rathbone, Barton, Dunn, King, Cook, and Beech, of 



24 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

No. 2, John I. Downs, of No. 5, and Representative Strom- 
berger, of No. 5, met for the purpose of reorganizing the Grand 
Lodge, which had held no meetings since June, 1865. The 
offices of Grand Marshal, Herald, Prelate, and Inner and Outer 
Guardian, in vogue at that time, were discontinued, and the 
following officers were elected : 

J. H. Rathbone, Grand Chancellor ; Edw. Dunn, Vice 
Grand Chancellor ; Clarence M. Barton, Grand Recording 
Scribe ; John I. Downs, Grand Financial Scribe ; John H. 
King, Grand Banker ; Thomas W. Cook, Grand Guide; Levi 
Beech, Grand Inner Steward ; John W. Cross, Grand Outen 
Steward. 

On motion of G. R. S. Barton, the office of V. G. P. was 
made an appointive office for the first three months. The above 
officers were elected to serve the unexpired term of those whose 
tenure-of-office had ceased when the Grand Lodge became de- 
funct in June, 1865 — the term expiring in June, 1866. At this 
meeting the signs, grips, passwords, etc., of the old work were 
changed by G. C. Rathbone, a secret cipher established, and a 
committee appointed to have the Rituals printed. 

The next meeting was held on the 28th of May, all the officers 
being present except the G. O. S. Three Representatives from 
No. s, Brothers Downey, Jordan, and Stromberger, were also 
present. 

A committee was appointed to draft a Constitution, By-Laws, 
and Installation work ; also one to secure a design for a charter 
and diploma of Subordinate Lodge members, and regalia for 
Grand Lodge members. 

Joseph H. Lawrence, of No. 2, was appointed V. G. P. to 
serve the balance of the term. 

P. G. C. J. T. K. Plant was expelled from the Order for 
divers reasons known to members of the Order. P. C. John H. 
King was appointed a committee of one to negotiate for and 
buy the work of the defunct Lodge in Alexandria. 

An ineffectual attempt was also made at this meeting to de- 
clare null and void the proceedings of the old Grand Lodge, 
and change the numbers of Franklin and Mount Vernon Lodges 
to Nos. 1 and 2, respectively. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 2$ 

June 4, 1866. 

All the officers were present -at this meeting, except the G. 
C., G. G.,and G. I. S. 

P. C. King offered a form of application to establish new 
Lodges, which was adopted. 

P. C. King offered a design for apron-regalia for Subordinate 
Lodges, which was adopted. A communication was ordered to 
tye sent to J. T. K. Plant, requesting him to deliver up the 
books, seal, and papers of the Grand Lodge. 

A communication was read from Franklin Lodge, turning 
over to the Grand Lodge all the property of defunct Lodges in 
its possession, for the sum of $18.75, payable in three months' 
time. 

P. C. Barton moved that the Grand Lodge transfer to Mount 
Vernon Lodge all the working material then in her possession. 
The motion was lost. 

On motion, it was ordered that the V. P. of Subordinate 
Lodges be an appointed officer for the first term only, and all 
new Lodges be allowed four Representatives the first quarter, 
and three Representatives the three following quarters. 

June 18, 1866. 

At this session P. C. John W. Cross declined to serve as G. 
O. S., which declination was received. 

The new constitution and by-laws of the Grand Lodge were 
reported by the committee, and V. G. C. Dunn was appointed 
a committee to draft form of processions. 

On motion, duly seconded, it was ordered " that in Subordi- 
nate Lodges the V. C. shall be addressed by all persons wishing 
to leave the room before the adjournment of the Lodge." 

It was then ordered that the first annual and quarterly session 
of the Grand Lodge, for the coming fiscal year, be held at the 
room of Franklin Lodge, No. 2, on the second Monday in July. 

Thus closed the last meeting held in the unexpired term — 
the Grand Lodge having in its possession the sum of sixty-one 
dollars — sixty of which had been loaned to her by the two 
Lodges, Franklin and Mount Vernon. 
3 



26 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

July 9, 1866. 

An annual and quarterly session was held. The Grand Lodge 
met in due form. Absent, G. C, G. G., G. I. S., and G. O. S. 
The credentials of P. C. Childs and Representatives Stromberger, 
D. and B. Daughton, of No. 5, were received. The quarterly 
reports of Nos. 2 and 5 Lodges were then presented ; No. 2 
showed a membership of 43; General Fund, $112.16; Widow 
and Orphan Fund, $8.14; percentage, $7.13. No. 5 a mem- 
bership of 96; General Fund, $222.54; Widow and Orphan 
Fund, $32.26; percentage, $22.25. 

Mount Vernon Lodge had thus far been a complete success, 
and the manner in which their membership worked to extend 
the Order and its principles, cheered those who had been so 
long engaged in its behalf to renewed exertions. The Grand 
Lodge, too, began to feel that she had something to rely upon, 
and determined to put forth a stronger effort than ever before to 
advance the work. 

At this session the following Grand Officers were elected to 
serve for one year : 

Edward Dunn, No. 2, Grand Chancellor ; John I. Downs, No. 
5, Vice Grand Chancellor ; Clarence M. Barton, No. 2, Grand 
Recording Scribe; W. L. Childs, No. 5, Grand Financial Scribe ; 
John H. King, No. 2, Grand -Banker ; Jasper Scott, No. 2, 
Grand Guide ; R. V. Henry, No. 2, Grand Liner Steward; 
Thomas W. Cook, No. 2, Grand Outer Steward. 

Past Grand Chancellor J. H. Rathbone succeeded to the chair 
of Venerable Grand Patriarch, now made the highest office in 
the Grand Lodge. P. C. John H. King reported having nego- 
tiated for and purchased the work of the defunct Alexandria 
Lodge for $33.50 ; which sum was ordered to be paid. The P. 
C.'s report was received, and the committee discharged from 
further consideration of the subject. The following resolution 
was passed : 

" Resolved, That all sums received from members of new Lodges, con- 
stituting them chartered membersj are to be considered as received for initia- 
tion and degree fees." 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 2J 

July 12, 1866. 

A special session was held. The following business was 
transacted : — The new printed Ritual was placed in the hands 
of a committee of three, P. C.'s Fox, Dunn, and King, and 
compared with the manuscript work. After the correction of a 
few typographical errors, the original manuscript was destroyed 
by fire. A communication was ordered to be sent to the two 
Lodges, requiring them to deliver up their manuscript Ritual, 
and receive in lieu five copies of the printed, free of expense. 
The supply standard was placed at five copies for $20. A 
Lodge applying for the second set to be furnished at $10. 

On motion it was ordered that one card of the secret cipher 
be transmitted to the W. C. of each Lodge to transfer it quarterly 
to his successor. A bill of $57.50 was then presented for print- 
ing, examined by Finance Committee, and ordered to be paid. 

July 16, 1866. 

An adjourned annual and quarterly session was held. The 
manuscript work from the two Lodges were delivered to the 
Grand Lodge by the P. C, and a committee appointed to destroy 
them ; which was done. A design for a charter, executed by P. 
C. John H. King, was exhibited, and a committee of four ap- 
pointed to perfect the design for charter and diploma. Com- 
mittee — P. C.'s King and Barton, and Representatives Daugh- 
ton and Stromberger. 

July 30, 1866. 

A special session was held, P. G. C. Rathbone in the chair. 
A petition for a charter was received, with forty-three signers, 
to organize Liberty Lodge, No. 6, to be located at the Navy- 
Yard. The following were the officers of the Lodge : 

Wm. P. Westwood, Venerable Patriarch ; Thomas E. Pyles, 
Worthy Chancellor; JohnT. Smith, Vice Chancellor; A. C. Hoops, 
Recording Scribe ; James Matthieson, Financial Scribe ; Samuel 
Langley, Banker; Alonzo Shaw, Guide; Wm. Sissell, Inner 
Steward ; W. Hardy, Outer Steward. 

The charter was granted, and the gentlemen, being in waiting, 
were introduced and instructed in the mysteries of the Order. 



28 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

August 8, 1866. 

A special session was held, G. C. Edw. Dunn in the chair. 
P. C. Barton was appointed a committee of one to inquire into 
cost of printed charters. 

On motion it was ordered " that the W. C. of each Subordi- 
nate Lodge should be notified that the printed Ritual should 
never be removed from the Lodge room, but should be open at 
any time, in the Lodge room, for perusal by any Knight in good 
standing.' ' 

The following was established as the working regalia of Sub- 
ordinate Lodges: for Knights, plain red collar; Esquires, yellow 
collar ; Pages, blue collar ; for officers, plain red collar, with 
movable insignia of office upon them; for V. P., plain black 
collar, with Bible in metal upon it. 

It was resolved that the apron-regalia, which was established at 
this session, should never be worn in the Lodge room, except in 
visiting or receiving sister Lodges, official visitation, and funerals. 

The installation work of the Grand Lodge was here read by 
P. G. C. Rathbone, and adopted. The funeral services were 
also read and adopted, and P. G. C. Rathbone appointed to add 
a short prayer. P. C. Childs was appointed a committee to get 
up design for apron-regalia of Grand Lodge officers and members. 

August 20, 1866. 

A special session was held, G. C. Edw. Dunn in the chair. The 
committee on G. L. Officers' and Members' Regalia submitted 
a report, which was adopted, and the apron-regalia (now in use) 
made the established regalia of the Grand Lodge. 

The committee on inquiring into the cost of printing charters 
submitted a report, when P. C.'s Barton and Cross were author- 
ized to have fifty printed. 

The following resolution was adopted : 

" Resolved, That, in order to more fully instruct candidates in the mys- 
teries of the Order, not more than six be allowed to be initiated and in- 
structed in the several degrees at one time. 7 ' 

Appropriations — $10 to Committee on Charters ; $5 to P. C. 
John H. King for Charters. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 29 

August 24, 1866. 
An application for a charter was presented to the Grand 
Chancellor to organize Webster Lodge, No. 7, signed by Harry 
Kronheimer, David Nachman, I. L. and H. L. Blout, E. Voight, 
D. L. Demelman, C. W. Okey, Wolf Kaufmann, J. Peyser, P. 
Peyser, and others. The charter was granted, and the Lodge 
organized on the 27th by the Grand Lodge Officers, at Franklin 
Lodge room. 

August 29, i&66. 

A special meeting was held, P. C. Edw. Dunn in the chair. 
A committee of three — P. C. Barton, Representatives Daughton 
and Stromberger — was appointed to procure a suitable hall for 
the meetings of the Grand Lodge. 

Webster Lodge, No. 7, was loaned a full set of working mate- 
rial until the Grand Lodge should require it. An invitation was 
read and accepted from Mount Vernon Lodge, No. 5, to be 
present at their excursion to Mount Vernon and Glymont. 

The burgee (now in use) was adopted, and P. C.'s Scott, 
Childs, and King appointed a committee to procure the burgee 
and lance. 

The following resolution was adopted : 

" That, hereafter, when a person applies for membership in a Lodge out- 
side of his jurisdiction, a communication shall be sent to the Lodge nearest 
his residence asking for his character." 

Webster Lodge was allowed to keep their charter open until 
the 21st of October. 

Appropriations. — $15 to Franklin Lodge to reimburse her 
for outlay for blanks, etc. ; $1 for room rent. 



3° 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



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COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 3! 

September 7, 1866. 

An adjourned special session was held at Temperance Hall, G. 
C. Edw. Dunn in the chair. 

The Committee on Securing Hall reported having procured 
Temperance Hall at $3 per meeting night. The report was re- 
ceived. The following committees were appointed : 

Election and Returns — P. C.'s Barton, Martin, and Losano, 
On Grievance — P. C.'s Cross, Henry, and Childs. On Super- 
vision — P. C.'s Fox, Scott, and Childs. 

Franklin Lodge, No. 2, requested that her charter be re-opened 
until fifty additional members be secured, each candidate to be 
admitted in a constitutional form, and be disqualified from re- 
ceiving benefits for six months. The request occasioned con- 
siderable debate ; after which it was granted, with the following 
amendment : " That hereafter no Lodge shall be allowed to open 
its charter after being once closed." 

The Committee on Apron-Regalia reported having procured 
samples of the same from the manufacturers, and presented bills. 
The report was received and the committee discharged from the 
further consideration thereof. The following appropriations 
were made : 

Hall Rent $3 00 

To Finish Burgee 10 00 

Apron-Regalias (sample). 28 25 

Total $41 25 

October 8, 1866. 

A regular quarterly session was held. G. C Edw. Dunn in the 
chair. The proceedings of the previous quarterly and special 
sessions were read and approved. The credentials of the follow- 
ing Past Chancellors and Representatives were presented : 

Thomas Hamilton, of No. 2 ; R. T. Johnson, of No. 5 ; W. 
P. Westwood and Thomas E. Pyles, of No. 6 ; Harry Kron- 
heimer and I. L. Blout, of No. 7. Representatives, John Daugh- 
ton, John M. Mitchel, and Josiah Gray, of No. 5 ; W. P. Allen, 
William Ready, and L. A. Tuell, of No. 6; H. L. Blout, J. 



32 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Peyser, and C. W. Okey, of No. 7 ; which were referred to the 
Committee on Election and Returns, which reported favorably 
thereon, and recommended their admission, which was concurred 
in. The Past Chancellors and Representatives Gray, Allen, 
Ready, Tuell, Blout, and Okey were then admitted and obli- 
gated. 

The Committee on Burgee reported the same completed, at a 
cost of $10; the report was received, the committee discharged, 
and the burgee placed in the hands of Grand Banker King for 
the Grand Lodge. 

P. C. Barton stated that he had in his possession a new Con- 
stitution which he had prepared, in view of the fact that the one 
in use was not sufficient to meet the demand for the proper 
government of the Lodges. The Constitution was, upon motion 
of P. C. R. T. Johnson, read by articles and sections, and had 
been read as far as Article VIII., Section V., when the Grand 
Lodge adjourned until the thirteenth. 

October 13, 1866. 

The Grand Lodge met in due form, pursuant to adjournment, 
— G. C. Edw. Dunn in the chair. Representative John Daugh- 
ton, of No. 5, was admitted and instructed. The new Constitu- 
tion was again taken up, and the remaining articles and sections 
adopted ; and the Constitution adopted in whole. Represen- 
tatives from No. 6 moved that hereafter the Committee on the 
Good of the Order be appointed in open Lodge. Adopted. 

P. C.'s Childs, Barton, and Representative Okey were appointed 
a committee to inquire into the expediency of having the Consti- 
tution printed. At this session G. R. S. Clarence M. Barton 
requested that his rank in the order be more clearly defined, he 
having been elected Grand Chancellor of the Order in June, 
1865, and remaining as such until the Grand Lodge ceased its 
functions by the decease of all the Lodges, except Franklin. 
•After debate upon the matter, it was resolved that P. C. Clarence 
M. Barton be known hereafter as a Past Grand Chancellor of the 
Order, The Grand Lodge then adjourned until 16th October. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOR. 33 

October 16, 1866. 

Pursuant to adjournment, the Grand Lodge met in due form, 
G. C. Edw. Dunn in the chair. Representative Jacob Peyser, 
of No. 7, was admitted and instructed. P. C. Edw. Fox ap- 
plied for the honors of a Past Grand Chancellor. After debate, 
the subject was laid on the table. Brothers J. Peyser, I. L. Blout, 
and Tuell were appointed a committee to have the funeral services 
printed. The following article was offered and read : 

"That the Subordinate Lodges shall do all their work in the Knight De- 
gree. ' 

A motion was made to suspend the rules to take up the article 
for action upon it. The Chair decided the motion not in order. 
An appeal was taken from the decision of the Chair, and the 
Chair was sustained. The Grand Lodge then adjourned. 

November 22, 1866. 

A special session was held, P. G. C. Barton in the chair. 
The parts of the Constitution conflicting with the Ritual were 
taken up and stricken out. P. C.'s Barton, Westwood, and 
Kronheimer were appointed a committee to procure the officers' 
rosettes and emblems. The same committee was appointed to 
get up a design for working regalia of Grand Lodge. 

The Committee on Funeral Services presented a prayer, which 
was read and adopted. Adjourned. 

December 28, 1866. 

A special session was held, G. C. Edw. Dunn in the chair. 
The By-Laws of the Subordinate Lodges were presented and read 
by the G. R. S. The parts conflicting with the Constitution and 
Ritual were stricken out, and the By-Laws adopted; P. C.'s 
Barton, Martin, and Kronheimer were appointed a committee to 
examine the proof-sheets, and compare them with the original 
manuscript. Adjourned. 

C 



34 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



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No. 6, 
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_^ H 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 35 

January 14, 1867. 

A regular quarterly session was held. The Grand Lodge met 
in due form, at Temperance Hall, V. G. C. John I. Downs in 
the chair. The minutes of the last quarterly, adjourned, and 
special sessions were read and approved. The credentials of the 
following Past Chancellors and Representatives were presented, 
and referred to the Committee on Election and Returns, who 
reported favorably thereon, and recommended their admission. 

Past Chancellors — D. Carrigan and R. T. Lawson, of No. 2; 
R. T. Sears, of No. 5 ; John T. Smith, of No. 6; H. L. Blout, 
of No. 7. Representatives — F. Stromberger, John E. Herrill, 
and W. F. Garrett, of No. 5 ; Stephen Simonds,- F. Prosperi, 
and William Ready, of No. 6 ; J. Peyser, Thomas Rich, and C. 
W. Okey, of No. 7. 

Past Chancellors Carrigan, Smith, Sears, and Lawson, and 
Representatives Herrell, Garrett, Simonds, and Rich were ad- 
mitted and instructed. 

The committee also examined the quarterly reports, and re- 
ported favorably thereon. The report of No. 7 was not presented. 

The Committee on Funeral Service reported having it printed, 
and presented a bill for the same ; and they were discharged 
from the further consideration of the subject. 

The Committee on Officers' Rosettes reported having secured 
them at a cost of $8. 

The Committee on Working-Regalia for Grand Lodge mem- 
bers submitted a report ; and after debate it was laid upon the 
table. 

The committee on inquiring into the cost and expediency of 
having the Grand Lodge Constitution printed, submitted a report, 
that they could have one hundred copies printed at a cost of 
$32, and deem it expedient to have them printed at once. 

P. G. C. Barton offered the following resolution : 

Resolved, That hereafter, on the night of installation, the Worthy Chan^ 
cellorof each Lodge shall appoint four officers, styled "Attendants," to serve 
during the quarter, and to be fined in case of absence — said Attendants to 
assist the officers of the Lodge during the initiation and conferring of the de- 
grees. 



36 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

After debate upon the resolution, the yeas and nays were called, 
and it was adopted by the following vote : Yeas — Past Chancel- 
lors Carrigan, Barton, Smith, Lawson, Cross, Childs, Westwood, 
Fox, Downs, Henry, Sears, and Beech ; Representatives Si- 
monds, Rich, Stromberger, Jacob Peyser, and Herrell. Nays — 
Past Chancellors Johnson, Pyles, and Hamilton, and Representa- 
tive Garrett. 

The following resolution was offered and unanimously adopted : 

That, hereafter, previous to the installation of the Banker of Subordinate 
Lodges, he will be required to deliver the funds of the Lodge to his succes- 
sor, in the presence of the Installing Officer. 

The motion passed by the Grand Lodge on 7th of September, 
1866, to prevent the charter of any Lodge from being opened 
after it had been closed, was then, upon motion, reconsidered, 
and on motion of P. C. John W. Cross, Webster Lodge, No. 7, 
was allowed to re-open her charter for the space of one year, and 
confer the Page, Esquire, and Knight Degrees for the sum of $5. 
P. C.'s Carrigan, Westwood, and Barton were appointed a com- 
mittee to revise the installation work of Subordinate Lodges. 
P. C. Thomas Hamilton stated that he had collected a sum of 
money for the purpose of paying the necessary expenses to estab- 
lish a Lodge of the Order in Pennsylvania. The list of names 
of those subscribing were presented by the P. C. The G. C. was 
empowered to pay over the amount to those who might be depu- 
tized to organize a Lodge outside the district. The following 
appropriations were made : 

Printing Constitution of Grand Lodge $32 00 

Rosettes for Officers 8. 00 

Printing Funeral Odes 3 50 

Hall Rent 3 00 

Total $46 50 

- The Grand Lodge adjourned until the 29th instant. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 37 

January 29, 1867. 

The Grand Lodge met pursuant to adjournment, at Union 
Lodge Hall, and was opened in due form, G. C. Edw. Dunn 
in the chair. 

The credentials of Representative Darnell, of No. 6, were re- 
ceived, examined, and the brother admitted and instructed. 

The Committee on Printing reported having received twenty 
copies of the Grand Lodge Constitution, the remainder to be 
finished in a few days. The report was received. 

The committee on comparing the proof-sheets of the Consti- 
tution and By-Laws of Subordinate Lodges with the original 
manuscript, reported that the proofs had been examined by them 
and were found to be filled with errors. They asked to be dis- 
charged ; which was agreed to. 

The Committee on Grand Lodge Working-Regalia submitted 
three different plans for consideration, and after discussion, the 
following was adopted as the working-regalia of the Grand 
Lodge : Past Grand Chancellors and Venerable Grand Patri- 
archs, black velvet collars, trimmed with gold. The letters P. 
G. C. worked in gold on the former, and a Bible in gold on the 
latter. For all officers' and Past Chancellors, a red velvet collar, 
trimmed with gold bullion. On the officers' collars their insignia 
will be worked in gold; for Representatives from Subordinate 
Lodges, a red velvet collar, trimmed with silver bullion. 

The committee on getting up a form of installation for Subor- 
dinate Lodges (P. C.'s Carrigan, Barton, and Westwood) sub- 
mitted a form, which was read, (the same now in use,) and, after 
a lengthy discussion, adopted by a vote of eleven to five. 

The seats of Grand Guide Jasper Scott, and Grand Inner 
Steward R. V. Henry, were declared vacant according to the 
Constitution, they having been absent six sessions. 

The Grand Lodge went into an election, and P. C. W. P. 
Westwood, of No. 6, was elected Grand Guide, and P. C. R. T. 
Johnson, of No. 5, Grand Inner Steward. Representative Her- 
rell, of No. 5, asked the following interrogatories : 
4 



38 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

1. Is it lawful to assess the members of a Lodge $1 a head on the de- 
cease of a Brother, and turn the same into the treasury of the Lodge when 
there is no widow or children to receive it ? 

2. Has a Lodge a right to levy a tax on its members for any object not 
specified in the Constitution and By-Laws of said Lodge? 

The interrogatories, after a lengthy debate, were referred to 
the Grievance Committee. 

In reply to a question by Representative Stromberger, the 
Grand Chancellor decided that members of Subordinate Lodges 
had no right to know the business transacted by the Grand 
Lodge, unless officially informed of it. 

After the transaction of other business, the Grand Lodge 
adjourned until 12th of February. 

The following appropriations were made : * 

To Mount Vernon Lodge, for money loaned $30 00 

To Hall Rent 5 00 

February 12, 1867. 

The Grand Lodge met pursuant to adjournment, and was 
opened in due form, G. C. Edw. Dunn in the chair. 

The credentials of Representative H. V. Cole, of No. 7, vice 
Thos. Rich, resigned, were received, examined, and the brother 
admitted and instructed. G. G. Westwood and G. I. S. John- 
son were duly installed in office. 

The Committee on Printing Grand Lodge Constitution made 
a partial report, and asked for an appropriation of $3 to supply 
deficiency. The report was received. 

The Committee on Rosettes and Emblems reported having 
procured. the emblems at a cost of $16, and were discharged from 
the further consideration of the subject. 

On motion of P. C. Daniel Carrigan, a copy of the printed 
Ritual, with the seal attached, was loaned to P. G. C. J. H. 
Re thbone until such times as the Grand Lodge should demand it. 

The Grievance Committee, P. C.'s John W. Cross and R. V. 
Henry, to whom had been referred the interrogatories of Repre- 
sei tative Herrell, on the 29th of January, reported as to the first 
interrogatory, "That no tax could be levied;" and as to the 
second, " That a Lodge has a right to levy a tax for any purpose 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 39 

not specified in the Constitution and By-Laws ; provided it be 
done by unanimous consent of those present. " 

P. C. Martin moved that the report of the committee be re- 
ceived and adopted. After discussion upon the subject, and 
various motions and appeals, P. G. C. Barton moved that the 
whole subject be postponed until the next session of the Grand 
Lodge ; which was adopted. 

P. G. C.'s Rathbone and Barton, and P. C. Carrigan were 
appointed a committee to have the Grand and Subordinate 
Lodge installation work printed. 

P. C. Kronheimef offered the following resolutions, which were 
laid over according to rule : 

Resolved, That no brother who is not in possession of the quarterly pass- 
word shall be admitted to a seat, nor gain admittance into a sister Lodge. 

Resolved, That hereafter all applicants for membership to the Knights of 
Pythias shall sign their names to the application, and if they are not compe- 
tent to do so, they shall not be admitted to fellowship, and those now belong- 
ing to the Order who cannot write their names shall be disqualified from 
ever holding office in the Order. 

On motion, and at the request of P. G. C. Rathbone, he was 
empowered to reorganize Washington Lodge, No. i, by bringing 
it back into the Order in a constitutional form. 

P. G. C.'s Rathbone, Barton, and G. C. Dunn were, on mo- 
tion of P. C. Carrigan, appointed a committee to set to music 
the Initiatory Anthem. 

A communication was read from Franklin Lodge, No. 2, pre- 
senting to the Grand Lodge their old Second and Third Degree 
work. The communication was received, and a vote of thanks 
tendered that Lodge. 

Representative Darnell offered the following amendment to the 
Grand Lodge Constitution : 

Article 4, Section 1. "That this Grand Lodge hold an annual session on 
the fourth Tuesday in July." 

Representative Stromberger moved that the proceedings of 
the " Old Grand Lodge " be declared null and void, and a com- 
mittee of three be appointed to procure a new seal. 



40 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

P. C. D. Carrigan moved to lay it on the table, which motion 
was lost. After debate on the question, P. C. John W. Cross 
moved to postpone the matter until the second meeting night in 
August ; which was adopted by a vote of fourteen to four. 

A debate was here sprung in regard to the expulsion of P. G. 
C. J. T. K. Plant, and rank of P. G. C. Rathbone. 

P. C. West wood offered the following resolution : 

Resolved, That notwithstanding any action to the contrary, V. G. P. J. H. 
Rathbone is hereby declared to be the senior Past Grand Chancellor of the 
Order. 

The resolution was adopted. 

P. C. John H. lying offered the following resolution : 

Resolved, That during installation, initiation, and conferring of degrees, all 
other business must be suspended, and no brother will be permitted to enter 
or retire from the Lodge room. 

Also a resolution establishing the mode of balloting. Laid 
over according to rule. The voting sign of the Order was then 
established ; and a new form of quarterly reports. 

P. G= C. Barton stated that he had been for some time com- 
municating with gentlemen in Philadelphia in relation to estab- 
lishing the Order in that city, and was satisfied, from the tenor 
of their letters, that a Lodge of the Order could be organized 
there with good material. He asked an appropriation of money 
to proceed to Philadelphia at once, for the purpose of explaining 
the principles of the Order to those in that city who were willing 
to take hold of the matter and to arrange preliminaries previous 
to their making application for a charter. 

On motion the sum of $20 was appropriated from the fund 
collected by P. C. Hamilton for the payment of P. G. C. Bar- 
ton's expenses to Philadelphia — and the following Past Chan- 
cellors deputized to proceed to Philadelphia in case Brother 
Barton's efforts were successful : P. G. C. Rathbone, G. C. Edw.. 
Dunn, P. C.'s John W. Cross and Daniel Carrigan. 

On motion of P. G. C. Rathbone, the Subordinate Lodges 
were requested to turn out in procession, and escort the Grand 
Officers to the depot on the occasion. The Grand Lodge mem- 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 4 1 

bers were also requested to turn out, and the following commit- 
tee appointed to procure music: P. G. C. Rathbone and P. C.'s 
Childs and King. 

P. C. J. W. Cross asked to be excused from serving on the 
Grievance Committee ; which was agreed to. 

The following appropriations were made : 

Officers' emblems $16 oo 

Deficiency on. printed Constitutions 3 00 

Blank notices for G. R. S 4 00 

Total $23 00 

Adjourned. 

P. G. C. Barton left Washington on the 15 th for Philadelphia. 
On arriving there he proceeded directly to several friends in the 
north-western part of that city, and, after a consultation upon the 
subject, they determined to organize a Lodge. A meeting was 
called at the residence of George Hensler, Esq., corner 15th and 
Brown Streets, who was chosen its chairman. The objects and 
principles of the Order were duly explained^ and those present 
subscribed to the application. The name of the Lodge was fixed 
upon as Excelsior Lodge, No. 1, and the application was for- 
warded to the Grand Chancellor at Washington. 

February 21, 1867. 
A special session was held, G. C. Edw. Dunn in the chair, 
who stated that he had received a letter from P. G. C. Barton in 
Philadelphia, informing him of the success he had met with, and 
also enclosing the following application for a charter ; which was 
read by G. R. S. p. t. D. Carrigan: 

Philadelphia, February 19, 1867. 
To the G. C. and Me?7ibers of the Grand Lodge, 

Knights of Pythias, D. C. 
The undersigned, residing in the city of Philadelphia, respectfully petition 
your honorable body to grant them , a charter, or dispensation, to establish a 
Lodge of the Knights of Pythias, to be located in the 15th Ward, Philadel- 
phia, said Lodge to be known as Excelsior Lodge, No. 1, Knights of Pythias, 
and under your jurisdiction. 
Charter fee enclosed — $io, 

4* 



42 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

WILBUR H. MYERS Venerable Patriarch. 

FRED. COPPES Worthy Chancellor. 

JOHN JAY FISHER Vice Chancellor. 

WILLIAM A. PORTER .. Banker. 

A. J. HUNTZINGER ....Financial Scribe. 

G. GRAEF Recording Scribe. 

J. W. HENCILL • Guide. 

JAMES McDEVITT Inner Steward. 

JAMES HERMANN , Outer Steward. 

George Hensler, Wm. A. McCoy, Wm. R. Buddy, James Culbertson, C. 
Umstead, Jacob Allen, D. P. Miller, George C. Johnson, C. S. Williams, 
Robert Jeandelle, Samuel C. Barton. Wm. Allen, Louis Lampter, James Porter, 
P, Bodamer, P. J. Hallowell, Enoch McCabe, James Dunn, George W. 
Lauster. 

The application was referred to the following committee for 
examination: P. C.'s Childs, Smith, and Scott, who reported 
favorable ; when, upon motion, the charter was granted. 

On motion it was resolved that the degree work presented to 
the Grand Lodge by Franklin Lodge, No. 2, be taken to Phila- 
delphia and left in charge of Excelsior Lodge. A committee of 
one from each Lodge was also appointed to get everything in 
readiness, and it was resolved that those deputized on the 12th 
instant to proceed to Philadelphia, leave for that city on the 
11.15 train, Saturday, February 23. Adjourned. 

P. G. C. Rathbone, P. C.'s Carrigan, Cross, Smith, and 
others were escorted to the depot from Mount Vernon Lodge 
, room, on the morning of the 23d of February, by Heald's Band 
and the members of the Order in j egalia. 

On arriving in Philadelphia, they were met by P. G. C. Bar- 
ton and G. C. Dunn, (who had arrived two days before,) and 
along with their Philadelphia friends proceeded to the Hall of 
the Mechanic Fire Company, Brown Street, below 15th Street, 
and there organized Excelsior Lodge, No. 1, and installed their 
officers on the evening of the 23d of February, 1867. 

February 26, 1867. 
An adjourned quarterly session was held, P. C. Kronheimer 
in the chair. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 43 

The committee to organize Excelsior Lodge, of Philadelphia, 
reported the result of their labors, and were discharged from the 
further consideration of the subject. 

The Committee on Music made a partial report, and were 
granted further time. 

On motion of Representative Garrett, of No. 5, the motion by 
which the report of the Grievance Committee on the interroga- 
tories of Representative Herrell was laid over until the next 
session, was reconsidered; and, after debate, the committee's 
report on the second interrogatory was stricken out, and their 
report on the first — that no tax could be levied — was adopted 
as the sense of the Grand Lodge. 

The G. R. S. was authorized to forward a communication to 
No. 5 Lodge, informing them of the illegality of levying the tax 
of $1 upon their members on the decease of one of their brothers. 

A communication was also ordered to be sent to P. C. T. W. 
Cook, in Philadelphia, requesting him to visit Excelsior Lodge 
and instruct its members in the work of the Order. 

The following resolution, offered by P. G. C. Barton, was 
adopted : 

Resolved, That the Grand Lodge, District of Columbia, shall pay the trav- 
elling expenses of one Past Officer of Excelsior Lodge, of Pennsylvania, to 
attend the Grand Lodge sessions for one year. 

P. C. I. L. Blout offered a substitute for P. C. King's resolu- 
tion in regard to the mode of balloting ; which was adopted. 

An appeal was read from Brothers F. Stromberger and J. T. 
Roland, of No. 5, protesting against a fine being levied upon 
them for conversing in the Lodge-room during initiation. Re- 
ferred to the following committee : P. C.'s Henry, I. L. Blout, 
and West wood. 

A card of thanks was, tendered the members of Excelsior 
Lodge, Philadelphia, for their kind and generous treatment of 
the Grand Lodge delegates while in that city. 

Also one to Representative Stromberger for the aid he had 
given the brethren in preparing the necessary work. 

And a card of thanks to the Subordinate Lodges for their turn- 
out on the occasion of escorting the delegates to the depot. 



44 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

On motion P. C. John H. King was loaned the emblems of 
the Grand Lodge, to be used by Franklin Lodge, No. 2, on the 
occasion of visiting a fair at Odd-Fellows' Hall. 

P. G. C. Rathbone moved that a committee of five be ap- 
pointed to take into consideration the feasibility of erecting a 
hall in the city, to be known as the Hall of the Knights of 
Pythias ; adopted, and the following committee appointed : P. G. 
C. Rathbone, and P. C.'s King, Childs, Westwood, and Kron- 
heimer. 

The Grand Lodge then adjourned until March 12th. 

March 12, 1867. 

An adjourned quarterly session was held, G. C. Edward 
Dunn in chair. 

The credentials of P. C. Wilbur H. Myers, and Reps. Fred. 
Coppes, .Wm. A. Porter, and John W. Hencill, of Excelsior 
Lodge, Pa., were presented and referred to the Committee on 
Election and Returns ; which reported favorable. 

Reps. Coppes and Porter were then introduced and instructed. 

The Committee on Music made a report, and requested an 
appropriation of $5 to supply deficiency. 

On motion of P. C. J. S. Martin, the report was received, and 
the request granted ; the Committee was then discharged. 

An application for a card was read from J. N. Turpin, a 
former member of Washington Lodge, No. 1, and referred to P. 
C.'s Johnson, Kronheimer, and Carrigan. 

The By-Laws of Excelsior Lodge, of Pennsylvania, were pre- 
sented, read and approved, and that Lodge empowered to keep 
open its charter books until the first meeting in July. 

The Committee on Printing Installation Work of Grand and 
Subordinate Lodges was empowered to have 100 copies printed. 

The Committee on Supervision were, on motion of P. C. King, 
ordered to report at the next session all conflictions between the 
Ritual and Constitution. 

Appropriations. — $5.00 to Committee on Music, 

Adjourned, 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 



45 



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.46 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

April 9, 1867. 

The 'Grand Lodge assembled in quarterly session, and was 
opened in due form, G. C. Edward Dunn in the chair. Prayer 
by V. G. P. pro tern. Carrigan. 

The proceedings of the adjourned and special sessions were 
read and approved. 

The Committee on Election and Returns reported favorably 
on the returns of Nos. 2, 5, and 6, of D. C, and No. 1, of Phil- 
adelphia. The returns of No. 7, of D. C, were not presented. 

The credentials of the following Brothers were found correct, 
and so reported by the committee : P. C.'s W. H. Myers, of Pa. ; 
C. Hutzler, of No. 2 ; B. Daughton, of No. 5 ; James Matthie- 
son, No. 6 ; Jacob Peyser, No. 7, and Reps. Allen, Mclnturff, 
and Gordon, of No. 6, and Okey, Cole, and Nattaus, of No. 7. 

The following, being present, were admitted and instructed : 
P. C.'s Myers, Hutzler, Matthieson, and Daughton, and Reps. 
Allen, Mclnturff, and Cole. 

The committee to whom was referred the application of J. N. 
Turpin for a card, made an unfavorable report, finding that at 
the time of the decease of Washington Lodge the Brother was 
not in good standing. The report was received, and the com- 
mittee discharged. 

The Committee on Grievance, to whom was referred the appeal 
of Bros. Stromberger and Poland, of No. 5, reported that the 
cause of the Brothers being fined was of such a nature that it 
would not justify a fine, and that the Brothers were fined con- 
trary to custom and law, there being no legal charges brought 
against them for the offence at the time. The report was 
received and adopted, and the committee discharged. 

Applications for cards from T. Harry Donahue, of late Wash- 
ington Lodge, and John P. Lucas, of late Potomac Lodge, were 
read and referred to the following committee : P. C.'s Fox, 
Matthieson, and Daughton. 

An application for card was also received from Isaac N. Bowen, 
a Past Chancellor of late Alexandria Lodge; which, on the recom- 
mendation of P. C. John H. King, was granted. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 47 

A communication was read from Excelsior Lodge, of Phila- 
delphia, informing the Grand Lodge of the election of their offi- 
cers for the ensuing quarter. Also, one tendering the thanks of 
their Lodge to the Grand Lodge for their generous treatment of 
their Representatives at the last Grand Lodge session. 

And one from Franklin Lodge, No. 2, notifying the Grand 
Lodge that fifty additional members had been secured by that 
Lodge, according to the rules prescribed by the Grand Lodge. 
Also, one from same Lodge, notifying the Grand Lod^e of P. 
C.'s who were in arrears. 

The communications were received and noted. 

On motion, the action of Excelsior Lodge, in re-electing the 
same officers for the ensuing quarter, was sustained. 

An appeal was read from A. F. Altemus, of No. 7 Lodge, 
claiming that H. V. Cole had been unconstitutionally elected 
Financial Scribe of that Lodge, and that he (Altemus) was enti- 
tled to the office ; referred to the Grievance Committee. 

The amendments to the Grand Lodge Constitution — offered 
by P. G. C. C. M. Barton, and Rep. Darnell, on the 29th Janu- 
ary — were then taken up and adopted, making the time for 
holding the quarterly session on the 2d Tuesday of each quarter, 
and the annual session on the 4th Tuesday in July. 

The resolutions of P. C. H. Kronheimer, proposing an amend- 
ment to the Grand Lodge Constitution, which were presented on 
1 2th of February, were taken up, and, after discussion, were 
rejected. 

The amendment offered by Rep. Stromberger, that " No 
Brother shall be eligible to the office of W. C. until he has 
served one term in each subordinate office, commencing with the 
office of Financial Scribe, and progressing upward," was taken 
up, and, after lengthy debate, adopted. A vote by Lodges being 
called, resulted as follows : Affirmative — Mount Vernon, Web- 
ster, Excelsior; Negative — Franklin and Liberty. 

The following committee was appointed to devise a P. C.'s 
and Rep.'s Degree for the Grand Lodge : G. C. Edward Dunn, 
P. G. C. C. M. Barton, and P. C.'s Myers, Childs, Westwood, 
and Kronheimer. 



48 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

The following committee was appointed to inquire into the 
expediency of giving an excursion for the benefit of the Grand 
Lodge : P. G. C. Barton, and P. G.'s Childs and Kronheimer. 

The following appropriations were made : 

Installation Work (printing) ..,.. $26 00 

Hall Rent 4 89 

C. M. Barton, travelling expenses 10 00 

W. H. Myers, " " 10 00 

Total $50 89 

RECEIPTS. 

Percentage from Subordinate Lodges $99 70 

Cards 4 50 

Total $104 20 

The Grand Lodge then adjourned. 

May 14, 1867. 

A special session was held, Grand Banker John H. King in 
the chair. 

On motion, the vote by which the amendment of Rep. 
Stromberger to the Constitution was effected at the last session, 
was declared null and void, the vote on the amendment having 
been taken by Lodges, when Article XVIII. of the Grand Lodge 
Constitution required all amendments to be approved by a vote 
of two-thirds of the members present entitled to vote, before 
they became a part of the Constitution. 

The Committee on the application of John P. Lucas for card, 
made a favorable report, and a card was granted. 

The Committee on Supervision reported connections between 
the Ritual and Constitution. 

The Committee on Grievances reported upon the appeal of A. 
F. Altemus, that he was entitled to the office of Financial Scribe, 
and that Brother Cole * was not. 

The reports were received and adopted. 

* At the beginning of the quarter, Brother H. V. Cole was installed into 
office by the Grand Chancellor, the objections to the contrary notwithstand- 
ing. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 49 

Bro. John Meyer, formerly a member of the late Potomac 
Lodge, applied for a card, and P. C.'s Westwood, Johnson, and 
Childs, were appointed a committee upon it. 

Receipts, card of John Meyer, $1.50. 

The Grand Lodge then adjourned. 

June 17, 1867. 

A special session was held, G. C. Edward Dunn in the chair. 

An application for a charter to organize Columbia Lodge, No. 
8, was presented, accompanied with the charter fee and requisite 
number of signers — the Lodge to be located in the south-western 
part of the city of Washington, D. C. The application was 
dated May 10, 1867, and signed as follows: Wm. H. Signor, 
Geo. H. Kepplar, James T. Davis, Wm. T. Hall, Geo. W. 
Sewell, James B. Shearer, G. W. Barkman, J. H. Truett, and J. 
R. N. Curtin. The application was received, referred to the ap- 
propriate committee, which reported favorably, and the charter 
granted ; previous to which the name of Columbia was stricken 
out, and the applicants ordered to be informed that the name of 
Washington or Columbia could not be used by a new Lodge, 
there being two defunct Lodges bearing those names. 

Receipts, charter fee, $10.00. 

The Grand Lodge then adjourned. 

June 25, 1867. 

A special session was held for the purpose of organizing Friend- 
ship Lodge, No. 8, G. C. Edward Dunn in the chair. A com- 
mittee was appointed to wait on the applicants and procure a list 
of their officers. The committee reported the following : V. G. 
P. (past officer), J. R. N. Curtin ; Worthy Chancellor, John H. 
Kepplar; V. C, Geo. W. Sewell; Banker, Jas. Shearer; R. S., 
W. T. Hall ; F. S., W. H. Signor; Guide, L. B. Grimes; I. S., 
Jas. L. Davis; O. S., Geo. W. Barkman. The above officers, 
and several members, were then introduced and instructed in the 
mysteries of the several Degrees. 

Adjourned. 

5 D 



5 o 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



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comflete manual and text-book. 51 

July 9, 1867. 

A regular quarterly session was held. The Grand Lodge as- 
sembled in due form, G. C. Dunn in the chair. Prayer by V. 
G. V., pro tern., Edward Fox. 

The minutes of the last quarterly and special sessions were 
read and approved. 

The Committee on Election and Returns reported the returns 
of Nos. 2 and 6 correct, and those of No. 1, of Pa., and Nos. 
5 and 7, of D. C., incorrect — the former not having the W. C.'s 
signature attached, and the two latter having no seals affixed. 
The report was received and adopted by a vote of 18 to 3. 

The credentials of the Past Chancellors and Representatives 
were then examined by the committee, and the following were 
admitted and instructed. P. C.'s John Schultz, No. 2; J. R. 
N. Curtin, No. 8 ; F. Wood, No. 5 ; A. Shaw, No. 6 ; C. W. 
Okey, No. 7; Reps. Allen, Mclnturff, and Garrett, No. 6; Wil- 
bourne, Dykes, and Kepplar, No. 8 ; and Cole, Clark, and 
Altemus, of No. 7. 

The following committees, being unable to report, were dis- 
charged : on Regalia, Excursion, and Degree Work. 

A communication was read from Excelsior Lodge, of Penn- 
sylvania, asking the Grand Lodge to confer the Past Chancellor's 
Degree upon all of their first installed officers, in order to ad- 
vance the work in Philadelphia ; that they be empowered to 
make their R. S., B., and O. S. yearly officers; and that they 
be empowered to hold a new election for officers to serve the 
balance of the quarter. Ordered to be recorded. 

P. G. C. Barton offered the following : 

Whereas, Excelsior Lodge, No. I, of Philadelphia, organized but little 
more than four months since, and now numbering 300 members, in order to 
more fully carry on the work begun in Philadelphia, have respectfully made 
application to this Grand Lodge for a dispensation to make their first officers 
Past Officers ; and whe7'eas, the Grand Lodge of D. C., fully recognizing 
the great interest Excelsior Lodge has taken in endeavoring to spread the 
Order ; and desiring to extend to them all the facilities in our power for so 
doing : therefore, be it 

Resolved, That John Jay Fisher, Wm. H. Wartman, Geo. W. Pugh, Wm. 



52 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

A. Porter, John W. Hencill, James McDevitt, Jos. Hermann, and John Brown, 
M. D., be, and they are, hereby declared to be Past Chancellors of the Knights 
of Pythias, of the State of Pennsylvania, entitled to all the amenities and 
privileges of Past Chancellors of the Order. 

On motion, the rules were suspended, to take up the resolu- 
tion. An amendment was offered to insert after the names, the 
names of the Recording Scribes and Bankers of Nos. 5, 6, 7, 
and 8 Lodges, which -was laid on the table. The resolution 
then passed, after debate, by a vote of 17 to 7. 

On motion, Friendship Lodge, No. 8, was allowed to keep 
open their charter six months from its date. 

A communication was read from Union Lodge, No. it, I. O. 
O. F., instructing the Grand Lodge to turn over all money for 
hall rent to Parker Hall Sweet, Secretary of the Grand Lodge of 
Odd-Fellows, until further orders. 

Communications were read from Mount Vernon Lodge — one 
requesting a new First Degree Work, in lieu of the one taken by 
the Grand Officers to Philadelphia, and one requesting a charter 
from the Grand Lodge, in lieu of the one granted by the Past 
Chancellors of Franklin Lodge. The requests contained in the 
communications were granted. 

Representative Garrett offered the following : 

Resolved, That Article 6, Section 9, requiring elective officers of Subordi- 
nate Lodges to serve in the capacity of O. S., and progress upward to the 
Chair of W. C, be annulled, and insert " from Financial Scribe. " 

A motion was made to suspend the rules, to take up the reso- 
lution ; which was laid on the table. The resolution was laid 
over. 

Representative Allen offered the following : 

Resolved, That Recording Scribe Theodore Sniffin, of Liberty Lodge, No. 
6, Knights of Pythias, be, and is hereby entitled to receive the Grand Lodge 
Degree. 

The resolution was taken up, discussed, and then laid upon 
the table. 

Several amendments to the Grand Lodge Constitution were 
then offered by P. G. C. Barton, and laid over. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 53 

The Grand Lodge then went into nominations for Grand 
Officers, with the following result : 

For Grand Chancellor, P. C.'s Westwood, Carrigan, Childs, 
King, and P. G. C. Barton; for Vice Grand Chancellor, P. C.'s 
Carrigan, Kronheimer, Smith, Johnson, Sears, and King; for 
Grand Recording Scribe, P. C.'s Westwood, Okey, and P. G. 
C. Barton; for Grand Financial Scribe, P. C.'s Cross, Okey, 
Curtin, Wood, and Johnson; for Grand Banker, P. C.'s Martin, 
Westwood, and G. C. Dunn ; for Grand Guide, Cross, Wood, 
Sears, Johnson, Okey, Kronheimer, and Curtin ; for Grand Inner 
Steward, P. C.'s Westwood, Wood, Childs, Sears, and P. G. C. 
Barton ; for Grand Outer Steward, P. C. Martin, and P. G. C. 
Barton. 

On motion of P. G. C. Barton, a committee on printing was 
appointed, with full power to have all necessary printing done for 
the Order. P. G. C. Barton, P. C. Carrigan, and P. C. Okey, 
Committee. 

Receipts, $65.21 ; expenditures, for hall rent, $9.37. 

The Grand Lodge then adjourned. 

July 15, 1867. . 

A special session was held, G. C. Edw. Dunn in the chair. 

An application for a charter for Keystone Lodge, No. 2, of 
Philadelphia, was received, dated June 29, 1867 — charter fee 
enclosed, and twenty-six signatures attached. 

On motion of P. C. D. Carrigan, the charter was granted, and 
P. C. Harry Kronheimer deputized to proceed to Philadelphia 
on the following Thursday and install the officers and initiate the 
members of the new Lodge. 

Receipts — Charter fee $10 00 

Expenditures — Travelling expenses to H. Kronheimer 10 00 

Adjourned. 

July 23, 1867. 

An annual session was held. The Grand Lodge assembled and 
was opened in due form. 

Present: J. H. Rathbone, Venerable Grand Patriarch ; 
Edw. Dunn, Grand Chancellor • C, M. Barton ? Grand Record- 

5* 



54 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

ing Scribe ; Wm. M. Childs, Grand Financial Scribe ; John H. 
Kingp. Grand Banker ; Wm. P. West wood, Grand Guide ; R. 
T. Johnson, Grand Inner Steward. 

Prayer by V. G. P. J. H. Rathbone. 

The proceedings of the regular quarterly and special sessions 
were read and approved. 

The credentials of P. C.'s Coppes, Wm. A. Porter, and Reps. 
Wallace, Curry, and Ashe, of Excelsior Lodge, No. i, of Phila- 
delphia, were found correct, and the Brothers admitted and 
instructed. 

The Committee on Printing reported having procured 200 
copies blank Quarterly Reports, 200 Odes, and 100 Withdrawal 
Cards. The report was received. 

The report of the Finance Committee was, upon motion of P. 

C. R. T. Johnson, laid over until the adjourned session, and 
Rep. Allen, of No. 6, appointed to serve upon the committee 
in place of P. C. Childs, who declined — the committee now 
standing as follows : P. G. C. Rathbone and P. C. Scott and 
Rep. Allen. 

. An application for a charter for Chosen Friends Lodge, No. 
3, of Philadelphia, dated July 20, 1867, was then read — charter 
fee enclosed, and signed by the requisite number. 

The charter was unanimously granted, and the G. C. appointed 

D. G. C. W. H. Myers, P. C.'s Coppes, Porter, and Hencill, 
of Pennsylvania, and G. G. Kronheimer, of D. C, to initiate and 
install the new Lodge. 

On motion of P. C. Coppes, Keystone Lodge, No. 2, was 
empowered to keep open their charter until October 26, 1867. 

P. C. R. T. Johnson moved that the action of the Grand 
Lodge in February last, (26th,) declaring illegal the action of 
Mount Vernon Lodge, in levying the $1 tax upon its members, in 
the case of the death of a Brother, be repealed. After consider- 
able debate upon the subject, the motion was adopted. 

P. C. C. W. Okey moved the nomination of officers be re- 
opened ; lost. 

On motion of P. C. J. S. Martin the Grand Lodge went into 
an election for^officers for the ensuing year. P. C.'s Porter and 
Coppes, of No, 1, Pa., were appointed tellers. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 55 

P. G. C. Barton withdrew his name for the office of Grand 
Chancellor, and the first ballot resulted as follows, viz. : Carri- 
gan, 14; Westwood, 13; Childs, 7; King, 3 — no choice. P. 
C.'s Childs and King withdrew their names. Second ballot: 
Westwood, 22; Carrigan, 16; necessary to a choice, 20. P. C. 
Westwood was therefore declared elected Grand Chancellor. 

For Vice Grand Chancellor, P. C.'s Smith and King with- 
drew their names, and the ballot resulted as follows : Carrigan, 
19; Kronheimer, 10; Johnson, 7. P. G. Carrigan was declared 
elected Vice Grand Chancellor. 

For Grand Recording Scribe, P. G. C. C. M. Barton was 
unanimously elected. There being no opposition candidate, P. 
G. C. Rathbone cast the vote of the Lodge. 

Grand Financial Scribe — First ballot : Cross, 8; Okey, 13; 
Wood, 9 — no choice. Second ballot: Cross, 10; Okey 13; 
Wood, 8 — no choice. P. C. Wood withdrew his name. Third 
ballot: Okey, 19; Cross, 12. P. C. Okey was declared elected 
Grand Financial Scribe. 

For Grand Banker, P. G. C. Dunn withdrew his name, and 
there being but one nominee — P. C. J. S. Martin — he was 
declared unanimously elected. There being no opposing candi- 
date, P. G. C. Rathbone cast the vote for the Grand Lodge." 

Grand Guide, P. C. Sears withdrew his name. First ballot : 
Cross, 4; Wood, 6; Kronheimer, 12; Curtin, 5 — no choice. 
Second ballot — P. C. Curtin withdrew — Cross, 4; Wood, 8; 
Kronheimer, 14. P. C. Kronheimer was declared elected Grand 
Guide. 

For Grand Inner Steward — Wood, 17; Childs, 1. P. C. 
Wood was declared elected. 

For Grand Outer Steward, the following nominations were 
made: P. G. C. Rathbone and P. C. Lawson. The vote stood 
as follows: P. G. C. Rathbone, 11 \ P. C. Lawson, 13. The 
latter was declared duly elected. 

G. C. Dunn then installed his successor, who, in turn, in- 
stalled the remaining newly elected officers. 

On motion of P. G. C. Rathbone, the thanks of the Grand 
Lodge were tendered to the late Grand Chancellor, for his effi- 
ciency during the past year. 



5 6 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Several amendments to the Ritual were then offered by P. G. 
C. Barton, and laid over according to rule. 

The case of Croton Fletcher was also disposed of, by empow- 
ering any Lodge in the District to initiate and confer the three 
degrees upon him for five dollars. 

The following rates of tariff, for Grand Lodge revenue, were 
determined upon : 

Withdrawal Cards, each 25 

Odes, each , „ 5 

Ritual — 1st set $20 00 

" 2d set 1000 

Installation Work, per set 1 50 

The following resolution was offered and adopted : 

Resolved, That members of defunct Lodges who were not in good stand- 
ing at the time of the decease of their Lodge, and who apply for admission 
into the Order, can receive a card from this Grand Lodge by paying the 
amount standing against them upon the books of their respective Lodges. 

The Grand Lodge adjourned until August 15. 

RECEIPTS. 

Chosen Friends Lodge, No, 3, Pa , charter fee $10 00 

Excelsior Lodge, No. 1, Pa., percentage 62 27 

" " " Rituals. 2000 

Total 92 27 

APPROPRIATIONS. 

To Printing Committee $30 00 

C. M. Barton, services 25 00 

P. C. F. Coppes, of Pa., travelling expenses 10 00 

Total 65 00 

During the year the Lodges had paid to the Grand Lodge 

as percentage $3§9 77 

The total receipts for the year were 576 79 

Total expended 347 01 

Leaving a balance in hands of newly elected Banker of $229 78 

The Order now numbered eight Lodges, namely, Franklin, 
No. 2 ; Mount Vernon, No. 5 5 Liberty, No. 6 ; Webster, No. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. $J 

7 ; and Friendship, No. 8, of the District of Columbia ; and Ex- 
celsior, Keystone, and Chosen Friends, of Philadelphia. 

The quarterly report of No. i Lodge, of Philadelphia, showed 
that the experiment of planting the Order outside of the Dis- 
trict had by no means been a failure ; but, on the contrary, its 
principles seemed to be disseminated as if by magic, and those 
who embrace them, saw, by the very simplicity of the work, and 
the practical lessons taught by the Ritual, a glorious future for 
the Order in the State of Pennsylvania and elsewhere. 

CLARENCE M. BARTON, P. G. C, 

Grand Recording Scribe. 

officers' term expiring July, 1868. 

Edw. Dunn, Venerable Grand Patriarch / Wm. P. Westwood, 
Grand Chancellor ; Daniel Carrigan, Vice Grand Chancellor ; 
Clarence M. Barton, Grand Recording Scribe ; C. W. Okey, 
Grand Financial Scribe ; Joseph S. Martin, Grand Banker ; 
Harry Kronheimer, Grand Guide ; Francis Wood, Grand Inner 
Steward ; Richard Lawson, Grand Outer Steward. 

Residence of Grand Chancellor — Georgia Avenue, bet. 3d 
and 4th Streets East. 

Residence of Grand Recording Scribe — 9th Street East, one 
door below E Street South, Washington, D. C. 

ADDENDA. 

The original meeting, when the work of the Order of the 
Knights of Pythias was first read, took place at the house No. 
369 F Street, between 8th and 9th Streets, Washington, D. C. ; 
the following gentlemen being present (as the members of a 
musical association known as the %i Arion Glee Club ") : Messrs. 
R. A. Champion, E. S. Kimball, D. L. Burnett, W. H. Burnett, 
Roberts, and Driver. Each of these gentlemen were then and 
there duly obligated by Mr. Rathbone, and afterwards resolved 
themselves into individual committees to obtain the names of 
proper persons to form the first Lodge. This meeting took place 
Monday evening, February 15, 1864, and on the following Wed- 
nesday morning Mr. Rathbone informed Mr. J. T. K, Plant of 



58 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

the object of the meeting, and solicited him to join the Order. 
Mr. Rathbone had, however, read the Ritual to Mr. R. A. 
Champion, privately, at his own room, a few evenings previous 
to the above meeting. 

The Ritual was written by Mr. J. H. Rathbone, originally, in 
the town of Eagle Harbor, Houghton, (now Keewenaw) County, 
Lake Superior, Michigan, in the winter of i860 and 1861. 



A Synopsis of the Origin and History of the Knights of 

Pythias, 

THIS young and growing Order originated in the city of 
Washington, D. C, upon the 19th day of February, 1864, 
the first Lodge of the Order being instituted at that date, at 
Temperance Hall, in that city; upon the 8th of April following 
a Grand Lodge for the District of Columbia was organized, and 
commenced the organization of Subordinate Lodges. Franklin 
Lodge, No. 2, was instituted under a charter from the Grand 
Lodge upon the 12th of April, 1864; upon the 19th of May, 
1864, Columbia Lodge, and upon the 2d day of June, in the 
same year, Potomac Lodge were organized. In the following 
year, upon February 1st, Alexandria Lodge was constituted at that 
city in the State of Virginia, and from that time up to the spring 
of 1866 but little progress or increase of the membership was 
had. Upon the 18th day of April, 1866, Mount Vernon Lodge, 
in the. District of Columbia, was organized, and in May follow- 
ing, the ritual and work of the Order was revised, and the Order, 
so far as its work is concerned, placed substantially upon the 
basis that it occupies to-day. Upon July 30th of this year, a 
new lodge, to be known as Liberty Lodge, was instituted at the 
Navy-Yard. Upon the 23d day of February, 1867, Excelsior 
Lodge, No. 1, was properly instituted at the city of Philadelphia, 
in the State of Pennsylvania, and in July following Keystone 
Lodge was organized in the same city. These Lodges were the 




The Building where the first K. of P. Lodge was Instituted, February 19th, 1864- 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 59 

cradle of the Order in the territory that to-day is the banner 
State of the Order, there being in the State of Pennsylvania at 
this time four hundred and thirty lodges, with a membership of 
over forty thousand members. In November of this year the 
Order was introduced into the State of Maryland by the organi- 
zation of Golden Lodge and Monumental Lodge, in the city of 
Baltimore. In the next month, December 12th, 1867, Lodges 
Nos. 1 and 2, the first at Mount Holly, the second at Camden, 
introduced the Order into the State of New Jersey. 

Early in the year 1868 the Order obtained a footing in the 
State of Delaware by the instituting of Lodges Nos. 1,2, and 3. 
In April, 1868, the Order was introduced into the State of Loui- 
siana. On June 9th, 1868, a convention of delegates, appointed 
from the States in which the Order had obtained a lodgment, 
convened at the city of Washington, D. C, adopted a constitu- 
tion under and by which the Supreme Lodge of the World was 
organized, and established as the head of the Order, upon the 
nth day of August following. In May of this year Rathbone 
Lodge was duly organized in the city of New York, thus intro- 
ducing the fraternity to the Empire State. In a short time the 
Order made its advent into the golden State of California, next 
into the State of West Virginia, and upon the 3d of December 
it entered into the State of Nebraska. During the years 1867 
and 1868 lodges were instituted in the States of Massachusetts, 
New Hampshire, Connecticut, and other New England States ; 
also in the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, and Ken- 
tucky, in all of which it has and holds a large and growing mem- 
bership ; also in the States of Missouri and Kansas ; and closely 
following upon this, the heyday and vigor of its youth, it has 
gone on from conquering to conquest until it has obtained a 
footing and a home in nearly all the States and Territories of the 
Union, passed into the British Provinces of North America, and 
has a name and a home in the Islands of the sea ; crossed the 
Atlantic Ocean and founded lodges in the kingdom of Great 
Britain. This is a hurried history of its rise, its youth, its young 
and vigorous manhood. To-day it has a membership of over 
one hundred thousand, and it can hardly be said to be of age, 



60 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

for this is but the XII. Pythian Period. Based upon the old 
story of Damon and Pythias, it seeks to inculcate the worth and 
beauty of such a friendship. Its cardinal principles are Friend- 
ship, Charity, and Benevolence \ its mottoes and teachings, Be 
generous, brave, and true. 



Objects and Aims of Knights of Pythias. 

ANYTHING that has for its object the advancement of hu- 
man happiness or human intellect ; anything that tends to 
the melioration of the condition of mankind, or to lessen 
the ills and miseries incident to human life ; anything that draws 
closer the ties of human sympathy, and strengthens the bonds of 
brotherhood between man and man, is not only worthy of appro- 
bation, but of the warmest support and admiration. That such 
are the objects of the Knights of Pythias, none who have taken 
the trouble to investigate its principles and operations will, at- 
tempt to deny. When the Almighty Architect of the Universe 
spake, and this sphere which we inhabit burst into light and love- 
liness, every fundamental principle on which our Order is based 
was stamped with the signet of Omnipotence upon her young 
and unstained being there to remain in legible and enduring 
characters as constituent elements of her perpetuity and exist- 
ence. Friendship then wove her silken bonds ; Charity 
breathed forth her strains of mutual sympathy and confiding 
tenderness \ while Benevolence — above — around — beneath — 
shed forth her blaze of living light, as pure and unsullied as the 
rays that emanate from the throne of the eternal God. Upon 
these three pillars rests the structure of our Order — around them 
cluster our brightest hopes and fondest anticipations. Here the 
venerated patriarchs of our ancient and honorable institution, in 
by-gone days, have worshipped ; and with unstained hands have 
transmitted down through the lapse of time the sublime myste- 
ries, the sacred rights, the solemn and eternal truths unfolded to 




FRIENDSHIP. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 6 1 

those who enter within the arena of our Temple, and bow as sin- 
cere supplicants to the inner veil of our altars. 

We shall prove that the Order of the Knights of Pythias is calcu- 
lated for the most extensive moral good. It is evident, that in 
order to collect an assemblage of persons, and continue and in- 
crease them as a body, there must be two powerful motives of 
action : first, curiosity to collect ; secondly, pleasure and some 
useful end in view to continue them. The singularity of the 
title of "Knights of Pythias," is better adapted to excite curi- 
osity than any other ; it fUJs the mind with a desire to know what 
is meant by it, and such desire is seldom appeased until the mys- 
tery is unravelled by becoming a brother — Friendship, Charity, 
and Benevolence, all combine to fill the mind of every new 
member with satisfaction and surprise, far exceeding his most 
sanguine expectations. 

Some Useful End in View to Continue Them. — The 
principles of the Knights of Pythias are those of humanity and 
religion : its object is to promote the general good of mankind, 
and spread abroad the lights of morality and knowledge ; it not 
only benefits the common cause of philanthropy, but insures to 
its members in the hour of adversity and tribulation, a source of 
safety and comfort that none, save the arm of Omnipotence, can 
destroy. 

A parent's affection may change ; the friendship of the world 
may turn to hatred, and even love may be transformed to loath- 
ing and disgust, but the ties that bind us together are never sun- 
dered ; our claims of brotherhood are only dissolved by death — 
no, not even death can rend them — they descend to the widow 
and orphan. The language of our Order is more potent than 
any strain of eloquence that ever fell upon the human ear. A 
stranger, penniless and friendless, in a foreign land, breathes its 
tones, and his necessities are relieved. Sickness comes and lays 
its paralyzing hand upon him, and though no friends or relatives 
are near, a brother of the " mystic tie " administers to his wants 
and soothes his distresses. The sick among our brethren are not 
left to the cold hand of public charity; they are visited, and 
their wants provided for out of the funds they themselves have 
6 



62 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

contributed to raise, and which, in time of need, they honorably 
claim, without the humiliation of suing parochial or individual 
relief — from which the freeborn mind recoils with disdain, until 
overwhelmed in insufferable want and misery. We are obliged, 
if need be, to perform the last solemn offices to the remains of a 
departed brother, and see him consigned with respectful decency 
to the bosom of our mother earth. To the living, our fraternal 
solicitude is no less exercised. It is our enjoined duty to watch 
over the conduct of our brethren, even in their common inter- 
course with men, as well as one with another ; and to remon- 
strate with those who wander from the paths of rectitude, or 
trespass upon the rules of morality. In all ages and in all coun- 
tries, our Order has stood forth the champion of liberty and 
religion ; wherever she has erected an altar for her worshippers, 
she has also dedicated a temple to science and refinement. It is 
not necessary to go back and trace the progress of our Order 
from its establishment down to the present period, or point out 
in detail its deeds and history. Suffice it to say, that thousands 
of years ago, the Egyptian astrologer found in our temples the 
secrets of astronomy ; and the Chaldean shepherd, in his mid- 
night watch, as he gazed upward to the starry heavens, drew 
from our oracles the sublime truth, that there were worlds un- 
known, incalculable and immense, and that over all presided an 
unknown and mysterious, yet Omnipotent power. Since that 
time, during succeeding centuries, we behold an Eastern Magi 
— the devout Jew — the intellectual and versatile Greek — the 
proud and haughty Roman — bending at its shrine and burning 
incense upon its altar. Emerging from the gloom of the Middle 
Ages, we see in it the animating spirit in the revolution that suc- 
ceeded, and rolling onward with the tides of science and civili- 
zation — from nation to nation, from country to country — it has 
crossed the Atlantic, and found on freedom's soil a fostering hand 
and genial clime. True it is, that storms have howled around ; 
and at times we behold it glimmering like the pale of morn, 
" between light and darkness on the horizon's verge ; " yet the 
storm has passed away, and again it has burst forth in renewed 
strength and beauty. Protected by the shield of Omnipotence, 




CHARITY. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 63 

it has set at defiance the power of despotism, the machinations 
of bigotry, and the wily intrigues of the fawning hypocrite. 

It has been said that ours is a secret Order, and that secrecy 
is disconsonant with innocence. True it is that we are in part 
a secret society — but is secrecy a crime? The world itself, 
the universe, the God of eternal truth, are surrounded with an 
impenetrable veil that no mortal eye ever pierced ; and shall it 
be denied that these exist because their arcana are not revealed 
at our bidding ? Shall we pronounce them evil because their 
operations are hidden from our view, and above all, our com- 
prehension? Again, who can define the mind? who unfold its 
constituent elements and hidden springs ? The earthquake — 
at whose shock nations tremble, and countries become desolate 
— has been accounted for, and its most secret particles revealed 
and analyzed. The lightning, that plays in bright yet fearful 
beauty amid the storm, has been traced home to the bosom of 
the cloud which it left, and its minutest principles investigated 
and developed ; but who has traced to its home the lightning of 
the mind? Who analyzed those mental earthquakes that have 
shaken the moral world to its very centre, and diffused light and 
knowledge amid the abodes of ignorance and superstition ? And 
shall the emanation of genius, the music of the poet's lyre, the 
conceptions of the gifted intellect, the tones of spirit-stirring 
eloquence, be rejected because the sources from whence they 
emanated are hidden from our view, and beyond the reach of 
our intellect ? So far from secrecy being an objection to our 
Order, we claim it as a recommendation. It is the mystic tie 
that binds us together in indissoluble brotherhood ; prompting 
us to deeds of virtue and benevolence ; it comes and entwines 
itself around our fraternity, like the refreshing, yet invisible 
breeze, that at summer noontide fans our forehead, invigorating 
the system with its coolness, and gladdening our hearts with its 
freshness and purity. In this respect we have the sanction of 
ages. We challenge any one to point out a single nation or people, 
whose career is sketched on the page of history, among whom 
there did not exist secret institutions. To go further, there is 
not an enlightened government now existing on the globe, 



64 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS, ETC. 

that does not permit the legislative councils to resolve them- 
selves into a secret conclave. Even in our own country, under 
our own Constitution, Congress can close its doors, and sit for 
days — for weeks — for months — concocting measures of vital 
importance to forty millions of freemen, and should any mem- 
ber of that body dare to reveal its operations, he would subject 
himself to the severest censure, if not expulsion. 

To be initiated as a member of our Order is not, as many sup- 
pose, " to take a leap in the dark." The fundamental principles 
of the Order are before the world ; its deeds are not concealed 
from public scrutiny; while the Constitution and Laws of 
our society are within the reach of all who wish to examine 
them. But there are mysteries within the inner veil of our 
altars, that none except the members of the fraternity are per- 
mitted to behold. Solemn and sublime truths are here incul- 
cated that have never reached the ear of any, save those who 
have proved themselves worthy of the sacred trust. They have 
remained there for ages, hallowed archives in the sanctuary of 
our temple — and have never crossed its portals ; and there we 
hope they will ever remain, unsullied, inviolate, and untarnished. 

Our Order is the handmaid of virtue and religion, and it must 
flourish; it calls into life and action the best and holiest feelings 
of our nature, and success must crown our efforts. Poets have 
bound their brows with wreaths of immortality; orators have 
reared eternal monuments to their names ; conquerors have had 
their trophies, but the pathway to glory of these is often watered 
by the despairing tears of the widow and orphan, whilst the tro- 
phies which lay at the feet of our altars, are the result of the 
principles of " good-will toward men," and the proud achieve- 
ments of lives spent in the cause of benevolence and virtue, 
unsullied by crime and unstained by a tear, unless it be a tear 
of gratitude and joy. Our course is onward, and we may look 
forward with confidence to a day, not far distant, when our 
society shall find an abiding place in every village and hamlet 
of our land, and the smoke of our altars shall go up from a 
thousand hills. 





eatd general and wctheatic PAT E N T of the Orde^iearingr/s imprint seal 

to Grand and Subordinate Lodges of this chivalric Order, 

to evidence oivr a proper official seal that our 



t 






proved in ti\e^^ L fi^jM*' 
*nd charged inrne" 



and enrolled as a member on tfte - 
of 



.day of LD18__BP_ 

LODGE No. 



of (he Grand Jurisdiction of- 



r"~i 



lTiTestiinonvwhereo£ we hawtxiuzedtofecrffLirdtJieofliaalsignatuix's 

* seali 






■ .■•] 

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MANUAL OF THE K. OF P., 

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE 

JEWELS, REGALIA, ETC., USED BY THE ORDER. 



The First or Initiatory Rank of Page. 

MANKIND in nearly every undertaking is in the dark at 
the commencement, and dependent upon the wisdom and 
leadership of others. So it is with you before you have 
been initiated into our mysteries. As you believe in a Supreme 
Being, and are of sound health, and have announced your desire 
to be admitted within the portals of our Order, it will be well for 
you to stop and consider the weighty duties that will devolve 
upon you after you have become a member. Be sure that no 
mere idle curiosity or selfish desire to obtain the benefits of the 
Order is leading you to take this step. Remember that when 
you have once taken upon, yourself the solemn and binding obli- 
gations, you cannot recede from their demands. There is yet 
time for you to halt should you hesitate in your purpose. 

If it is your desire to proceed, start with every determination 
to be obedient to the requirements of the Order, keeping in view 
the fact that purity of heart and rectitude of conduct are essen- 
tial to admission into the First or Initiatory Rank of Page. 
It is necessary that you should be in the right possession of your 
mental faculties, so that you may be able to comprehend the 
lessons as the increasing light dawns upon your mind. You are 
in the presence of true and tried brethren, who are ready and 
willing to impart to you a portion of their secrets ; be just to 
6* E 65 



66 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

them and to yourself, and exercise due care, lest you impart to 
the unworthy that which belongs to the Order. You may be 
called upon to relieve brothers when they are in distress ; when' 
you see that one is in danger, it will be your duty to warn and 
do all in your power to aid and succor him; to obey the laws 
of the Order as laid down in the Constitution and By-laws, and 
to the best of your ability live up to all the requirements of the 
Order. But we feel that you will prove true to your promises, 
and will prove a faithful friend in time of need, a good compan- 
ion, and an exemplary Page ; and that your life will always con- 
form to your motto of Friendship. 

But you must press on to a further knowledge of our mysteries ; 
and as Friendship is your motto, practise universal fraternity and 
benevolence to your brothers of the chivalric Order and all wor- 
thy people, no matter where they may live or what may be their 
station in life. Let those virtues expand in your mind until they 
are as broad as the blue canopy of heaven, as obligatory upon 
you as your word of honor, and as spotless as was that of Damon 
and Pythias. But give heed to the lessons that are being im- 
parted, as it will be necessary for you to become proficient in all 
that pertains to this degree, so that you may be able to make 
yourself known to brethren of this Rank. 

From the earliest days of antiquity, friendship has been the 
corner-stone of secret societies. Men have banded themselves 
together in every age for the purpose of practically testing this 
great principle, until at the present time fraternal societies are 
established over the entire earth. One of the most notable ex- 
amples of pure friendship was that of our ancient prototype and 
honored patron, Pythias. Without being solicited on the part 
of Damon, he gave himself up as a hostage for his friend, and 
submitted to imprisonment, so that Damon might hasten to his 
home, which was miles away, to arrange his affairs and bid a 
last, long farewell to his family, ere he was executed by the order 
of Dionysius. Damon pushed forward to his home, and after 
performing his task was on the point of returning, when he dis- 
covered that his slave had slain his horse. This, with other 
adverse circumstances, prevented his arriving as soon as expected. 




8ENEV0LENCE. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 67 

Pythias did not murmur, nay, he rejoiced that his friend had been 
belated. The time arrived, and just as Pythias was to be offered 
,up for his friend, Damon arrived. Dionysius was struck with 
amazement at such a faithful exhibition of friend- 
ship, and revoked the sentence" of death. May 
the teachings of that day remain green in our 
memories, and let us emulate their example in 
oar every-day walk, and in our intercourse with 
our fellow-men, so that when we are called upon 
by the grim monster, Death, to accompany him 
through the dark valley, we can do so, conscious 
that we bear no ill will toward any, and those 
we leave behind will bless our memory. 
Regalia. — You are now entitled to wear a blue collar. 




The Second or Armorial Rank of Esquire. 

HAVING served a proper time as a Page, and by your strict 
fidelity to the principles of the Order gained a reputation 
among the members of this chivalric Order and your fel- 
low-men, that will commend you as a proper person to receive 
the Rank of Esquire, we see no reason why you should not pro- 
ceed in your worthy endeavor to be admitted into full fellowship 
with the Esquires, especially should no legal objection be urged. 
As you are an aspirant, you should impress upon your mind the 
necessity for exercising the greatest circumspection, so that you 
may keep inviolate all that is intrusted to your care; to be al- 
ways ready to warn an Esquire of approaching danger, and to 
render unto him and his family aji the aid in your power in the 
hour of their distress. Having fully impressed this upon your 
mind, you should so regulate your life that those beholding your 
acts may say that you are "truly an Esquire indeed." The 
Esquire in the days of chivalry was the shield-bearer or armor- 
bearer to the Knight. He was a candidate for the honor of 
Knighthood; and stood in the same relation to the Knight as the 



68 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Page did to the Esquire. The Esquire was a gentleman, and 
had the right of bearing arms on his own shield or escutcheon. 
You have been promoted from the rank of Page to that of Es- 
quire, and it will now be necessary for you to keep your honor, 
which is your shield, so bright that he who would reflect aught 
against the purity of your intentions or actions will be blinded 
by the dazzling reflection of your injured honor. 

It is well for mankind in general to be cautious and circum- 
spect in all their dealings, and especially now is it your duty to 
be so. You should be watchful over your actions, lest in an un- 
guarded moment you do that which you would forever regret ; 
exercise discretion, not only in your conversation in the Lodge, 
but in your every-day life ; be careful in the transaction of your 
business, that you may do justice to your employers, customers, 
and yourself; but with all your business be not forgetful to exer- 
cise a watchful care over the interests of your family, that they 
may not be deprived of the necessaries of life, and permit them 
to enjoy such other blessings as are within your 
power to bestow. While you exercise due cau- 
tion and circumspection, be careful that you do 
not prove uncharitable toward the frailties and 
shortcomings of your fellow-men, remembering 
that he who does not show charity toward 
others should not expect it in return. But we 
have no fear but what the lessons that you have 
received will remain indelibly fixed in your 
mind, and that you will exemplify them in your 
every-day life. 

Regalia. — You are now privileged to wear a yellow collar. 




The Third or Chivalric Rank of Knight. 

YOU have been initiated into the Rank of Page, proved in the 
Rank of Esquire, and are now ready to demand admittance 
into the Third or Chivalric Rank of Knight, provided you 
pass a favorable ballot and have the requisite moral courage to 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 69 

persevere. You have already learned the necessity of practising 
Friendship and Charity toward your fellow-men, obedience to 
those in authority, while you are to be always on your guard lest 
you do that which you will regret. You may be required to put 
those virtues to a practical test, and it will be well, before you 
advance further, to consider whether you possess the requisite 
courage to meet and overcome any obstacle that may be in your 
path ; to prove that you possess such a friendship as was exhibited 
by Pythias toward Damon, or the caution displayed by the slave 
of Damon in killing his master's horse. Ponder the subject well 
before you enter into that which you think you cannot fulfil, but 
bear in mind that he who practises the lessons that are taught in 
the preceding degrees, and yields implicit obedience to their 
mandates, will emerge unscathed and be victorious in the end. 

As you have duly weighed the consequences, and still persist 
in your demand to be admitted to the Rank of Knight, pay par- 
ticular attention to all that is said and done, and your mind 
will become enlightened as you advance in its mysteries. The 
lessons of caution that you have learned in the preceding de- 
grees will prevent you from making any unlawful discoveries to 
the uninformed. 

There are times in every man's life when it is necessary for 
him to have full control of all his faculties ; when it is essential 
for him to exercise prudence, caution, and courage. There are 
some who would place obstacles in the way of our advancement, 
or impose tasks for us to perform that it would be impossible for 
us to overcome, or almost certain death for us to attempt. There 
are others, who, from an inborn friendship, are willing to bear 
the burdens and lessen the trials and hardships of their fellow- 
men, even though they be strangers. But life at its best is no 
easy task. Trials and temptations beset us on every hand. The 
king of the powers of darkness is ever on the alert to lead man- 
kind into trouble. All along our pathway are deadly foes, who 
are ready, without a moment's notice or warning of their inten- 
tions, to sting us with their envenomed fangs. The remains of 
our fellows who have fallen by the wayside, surround us on all 
sides in our journey through the wilderness of life ; and human 



70 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

hyenas are lurking in the pathway of others, anxiously awaiting 
their fall that they may strip them of their possessions. But he 
that is possessed of true bravery and fixed determination of pur- 
pose, is respected and honored by even those who would rejoice 
in his downfall. Keep your eye always fixed on the symbol of 
the Cross, for before it the" great arch-enemy of mankind bows 
in mute despair. 

Many of the seeming obstacles of this life that loom up moun- 
tain high before our imagination, prove to be mere mole-hills 
when we attempt to overcome them. We are surrounded by 
seeming dangers, that only need prudence and courage to over- 
come. They are placed here to test our faith, and if we are 
obedient to the mandate of a higher power, and attack them 
bravely, they will vanish like shadows before our sight. 

Having been obedient, and courageously overcome every ob- 
stacle, you are now entitled to our cordial greeting ; you have 
now attained the highest rank that can be bestowed on you in 
the Lodge, and have shown by your example that you are willing 
to obey all lawful mandates, and that you are possessed of both 
moral and physical courage. You are now expected to be bold 
and courageous in defending the rights of a brother; upholding 
the authority and good name of the Order ; and in practising the 
principles of Friendship, Charity, and Benevolence. He "is 
only truly brave who fears nothing so much as doing a shameful 
action, and dares resolutely and undauntedly go where his duty, 
no matter how dangerous, may call him." What if the unini- 
tiated and skeptical should deride you, stand by your principles 
and your Order ; by so doing you will let the world know that 
any missile hurled at them is the same as being hurled at your- 
self. You thus not only uphold the principles of our beloved 
Order, but you cement yourself in closer bonds of union with 
the Brotherhood. 

We have no fear but what, with the lesson of true courage, as 
taught by Pythias, impressed upon your mind, you will ever be 
ready to extend the strong arm of friendship toward your breth- 
ren, and uphold the truly courageous. 

Regalia. — The regalia of this degree is red. 




and ffcrteral and aittfa 

to Grand and Subo 

to evidence oj 



vtlefbearinpits anprint seal 

Hhis chiyalric Order, 
seal that our 



^FMMIMMMS m^m^MSL 




\ . J the rR- - > v" ^Tr^^v 



graved in theW- ^pT/i'^ ;>^S 

^£^_jB d charged m tfS^^&f & 



aw/ enrolled as a member en the - 
of 



-davof— 



. LODGE No 



and thereafter admitted and instructed as of the high, honorable and past official rankaf 

and his name blazoned as such an the fcfflffi&Bto&^fa&^ to^lA^fc ort#£ 
Orand Jurisdiction of 

InTeslnnoir^whereof, we have earned tole affixed 't/ie offiaed signatures 
of the proper cfiicers,altestcdbyohe seal of the Lodge . 





COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 



7* 



Jewel. — A solid three-inch triangle of white metal, with oval 
escutcheon resting thereon ; the oval escutcheon to be of yellow 
metal, or enamelled in proper emble- 
matic colors. The letters. F. C. B. to 
be struck in corners of triangle, or if 
fastened on to be of yellow metal. On 
the back of the triangle is an impress 
denoting its official issuance ; also a 
place for the name, number, and loca- 
tion of Lodge to be engraved. The 
holder of the shield is to be of yellow 
metal, with pin or lock for fastening, 
and shield on front for engraving name 
thereon. The jewel is to be worn on 
the left breast (with coat buttoned) in 
sight, or on left side of coat lappel if 
the coat is unbuttoned, but always to be in plain, sight. They 
can be worn in Lodge without other working regalia, if the 
Brother is in uniform ; or at any celebration or parade when in 
uniform. If not in uniform, their use is prohibited in any way, 
shape, manner, or form. 




CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS 

OF THE 

SUPREME LODGE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

OF THE WORLD. 

Adopted at the Session held at Pittsburg, Pa., Session of 1874. Pythian 
Period XL 



CONSTITUTION. 



ARTICLE I. 

SUPREME LODGE. POWERS. 

Section i. The Supreme Lodge is the source of all true and 
legitimate authority in the Order of Knights of Pythias where- 
soever established ; it possesses original and exclusive jurisdiction 
and power — 

1. To establish, regulate and control the Forms, Ceremonies, 
written and unwritten Work, and to change, alter and annul 
the same, and to provide for the safe-keeping and uniform teach- 
ing and dissemination of the same. 

2. To provide, print, and furnish all Rituals, Forms, Ceremo- 
nies, Cards and Odes, Charts and Certificates. 

3. To prescribe the form, material, and color of all Regalia, 
Emblems, Jewels, and Charts, and to designate the uniform of 
the Order. 

4. To provide for the emanation and distribution of all pass* 

72 




3 



om It Ma^ 




-o,\ 








"theOidezdearingits imprint seal 



and general and aicth 

to Grand and Subo^^i^^^^fe^this chivalric Order, 
to evidence owk^^^qn^^ml seal that our 



zfi?T 7 ^rank of £* 




-:.:,;„ "fop** .'.. 



|g «/?*/ enrolled as a member on the- 
of 



_davof_ 



AD.1S_BP_ 



LODGE No.. 



id thereafter admitted and instructed as oftf/e high, honorable and past official rankof 

and his name blazoned as such on tf/^tefo^&^&^^^fttm^ of the 

Grand Jurisdiction of as also appearin^rbvprqper record of 

jjH liming been in regular form admitted, instructed/znd invested wtth the wafc and prerogatives 



c — ^ by the Supreme Lfjdge of ^the World. 




InTeslimonvwhereof, we hare ' caused tobe affixed the offiaal signatures 



-\CC. 



C.C. 

^KofRAS. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 73 

words, and regulate the mode and manner of using the same, and 
generally to prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to 
secure the safe and easy intercourse and identification of the 
brethren. 

5. To establish the Order in States, Districts, Territories, 
Provinces or countries where the same has not been engrafted. 

6. To provide a revenue for the Supreme Lodge by means of 
a representative tax on each Grand Lodge and charges for sup- 
plies furnished by it, and dues from Subordinate Lodges under 
its immediate jurisdiction. 

7. To provide for annual returns from each Grand Lodge, and 
for semi-annual returns from each Subordinate Lodge under its 
immediate jurisdiction. 

8. To hear and determine all appeals from Grand and Subor- 
dinate Lodges, when the same are properly brought before it in 
accordance with the regulations of the Order, and to provide by 
legislation for the enforcement of its decisions. 

9. To enact laws and regulations of general application to 
carry into effect the foregoing and all other powers reserved by 
this Constitution to the Supreme Lodge or its officers, and such 
as may be necessary to enforce its legitimate authority over Grand 
and Subordinate Lodges under its immediate jurisdiction. 

10. To charter Grand Lodges and to define the territorial 
extent of their jurisdiction, and to charter Subordinate Lodges 
not within the territorial jurisdiction of any Grand Lodge, and 
to provide a Constitution for each Subordinate Lodge under its 
immediate jurisdiction. 

ARTICLE II. 

HOW CONSTITUTED. 

Section i. The Supreme Lodge shall consist of: 

1. All Past Supreme Chancellors. 

2. Past Supreme Chancellor. 

3. Supreme Chancellor (presiding officer). 

4. Supreme Vice Chancellor. 
7 



74 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

5. Supreme Prelate. 

6. Supreme Master of Exchequer. 

7. Supreme Keeper of Records and Seal. 

8. Supreme Master at Arms. 

9. Supreme Inner Guard. 

10. Supreme-Outer Guard. 

11. Two Supreme Representatives from each Grand Lodge 
under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Lodge, until there are 
20,000 members belonging to one Grand Lodge ; and one Su- 
preme Representative for each additional 10,000 members ; Pro- 
vided, That no Grand Lodge shall be entitled to more than four 
Supreme Representatives. 

Sec. 2. Supreme Representatives must be Past Grand Chan- 
cellors in good standing in their respective Grand and Subordi- 
nate Lodges, and shall be elected as follows : At the next annual 
election after the adoption of this Constitution, and annually 
thereafter, each Grand Jurisdiction shall elect in the mode pro- 
vided for electing Grand Lodge Officers in the Constitution of 
the respective Grand Lodges, one Supreme Representative to 
serve for two years ; Provided, That each Supreme Representa- 
tive now admitted shall continue in office to the expiration of 
his present term. In the case of the vacancy in the office of Su- 
preme Representative, from death, removal, or any other cause, 
the Grand Lodge which he represented shall determine how 
such vacancy shall be filled. At the organization of any new 
Grand Lodge two Supreme Representatives shall be elected, one 
to serve for one year and one to serve for two years. And, pro- 
vided further, Where any Grand Jurisdiction is entitled, under 
the provisions of this Constitution, to more than two Supreme 
Representatives, the additional Representative or Representa- 
tives shall be elected bi-annually, in conformity to this Consti- 
tution, and in such a manner that if there are four Representa- 
tives the terms of two thereof shall expire each alternate year. 

Each Officer and Supreme Representative shall be entitled to 
one vote in determining any question before the Supreme Lodge, 
and each Past Supreme Chancellor shall be entitled to discuss 
any question, but not to vote. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK, 75 

Sec. 3. All Past Grand Chancellors duly recognized by the 
Supreme Lodge, shall be admitted to its sessions and be entitled 
to seats therein, but shall not be entitled to speak unless by per- 
mission of the Supreme Lodge, and shall not be entitled to vote. 

Sec. 4. No one shall be eligible to any office in the Supreme 
Lodge unless he has been duly admitted to the Supreme Lodge 
by being either a Representative or a Past Grand Chancellor. 

ARTICLE III. 

DUTIES OF OFFICERS. 

Section i. The Past Supreme Chancellor shall have charge 
of and supervise the arrangement of the altar or any other neces- 
sary floor work. 

Sec 2. The Supreme Chancellor shall exercise, as occasion 
may require, all the rights appertaining to his high office, in ac- 
cordance with the usages of the Order. He shall have a watch- 
ful supervision over all Lodges, Grand and Subordinate, and see 
that all the constitutional enactments, rules, and edicts of the 
Supreme Lodge are duly and promptly observed, and that 
the dress, work, and discipline of the Order everywhere are 
uniform. 

Among his special prerogatives are the following : 

To call Special Sessions of the Supreme Lodge, or Conven- 
tions of Supreme Officers in Council. 

To visit any Grand or Subordinate Lodge under the imme- 
diate jurisdiction of this Supreme Lodge, and to give such in- 
structions and directions as the good of the Order may require, 
always adhering to the obligatory usages of the Order. To cause 
to be executed and securely to preserve and keep the official 
bonds and securities of the Supreme Master of Exchequer and 
Supreme Keeper of Records and Seal. 

To grant Warrants of Dispensation during the recess of the 
Supreme Lodge, for the institution of new Subordinate Lodges, 
which Dispensations to be in force until taken up by Charters 
granted in lieu thereof by a properly instituted Grand Lodge, 



?6 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

and to promptly notify the Supreme Keeper of Records and Seal 
of the issuing of said Warrants of Dispensation. 

To grant Warrants of Dispensation, during the recess of the 
Supreme Lodge, for the institution of Grand Lodges in States, 
Countries, Districts, or Territories where the same have not been 
established. 

To manage the contingent fund of the Supreme Lodge, and 
suspend or remove any derelict or contumacious officer for cause, 
he having right of appeal to the Supreme Lodge, and to fill any 
vacancy by appointment until filled by regular election. 

To appoint and commission a Deputy Supreme Chancellor for 
special purposes of instituting Grand Lodges and installing their 
officers, or otherwise, as may be required, in all States, Districts, 
Territories, or Countries where Lodges are established, and not 
having any Grand Lodge. He shall, at the next regular session, 
present a full report of his acts during the recess of the Supreme 
Lodge. He may hear and decide such questions of law as may 
be submitted to him by Grand and Subordinate Lodges, under 
the immediate jurisdiction of this Supreme Lodge, and all such 
decisions shall be binding upon the bodies submitting the same, 
until fully passed upon and disaffirmed or reversed by this Su- 
preme Lodge. 

Sec. 3. The Supreme Vice Chancellor, in the event of the 
death, removal, or physical incompetency of his superior, shall 
act as Supreme Chancellor ; at all other times he shall perform 
such duties as may be assigned him by the Supreme Lodge or 
the Supreme Chancellor, 

Sec. 4. The Supreme Prelate shall open and close the Supreme 
Lodge with prayer, and perform all obligatory ceremonials as pre- 
scribed in the Ritual or usages of the Order, and such other duties 
as comport with his office. 

Sec. 5. The Supreme Master of Exchequer shall render to the 
Supreme Chancellor a quarterly statement of the condition of 
funds in his hands, and make to the Supreme Lodge, at its reg- 
ular sessions, a true and perfect account of his doings, together 
with an account of all moneys received and disbursed, giving 
items in detail — the earnings thereon accrued from interest or 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 77 

other investments ; to pay all orders drawn on him by the Su- 
preme Chancellor, properly attested by the Supreme Keeper of 
Records and Seal. For the faithful performance of his duties, 
he shall give bond, to be executed and approved before his in- 
stallation, in the sum of ten thousand dollars, with unexception- 
able securities, or otherwise the office to be declared vacant, and 
filled by election. 

Sec. 6. The Supreme Keeper of Records and Seal shall keep 
a just and true record of all the proceedings of the Supreme 
Council and Lodge at each session, and transmit annually to 
each Grand Lodge as many copies thereof as the Lodge has Past 
Grand Chancellors and officers, and one copy for each Subordi- 
nate Lodge in their several jurisdictions, and one to each Lodge 
under the immediate jurisdiction of the Supreme Lodge. He 
shall collect all the revenues of the Supreme Lodge, and pay 
over the amount to the Supreme Master of Exchequer when- 
ever it reaches the sum of $100. He shall preserve the archives, 
have charge of the seal, books, papers, and other properties of the 
Supreme Lodge, and deliver the same to his successor when re- 
quired so to do by the Supreme Lodge. He shall prepare all 
Charters for Grand Lodges ; notify officially all Grand Lodges 
and officers and members of the Supreme Lodge of all sessions 
of the Supreme Lodge ; carry on the necessary correspondence 
of the Lodge ; keep a register which shall contain a list of all 
Dispensations and Charters granted to Grand, or Warrants of 
Dispensation issued by the Supreme Chancellor for Subordinate 
Lodges, and a record of all Past Grand Chancellors and Repre- 
sentatives entitled to seats in the Supreme Lodge. He shall at- 
test all necessary official papers and documents ; perform such 
other duties as are required by the laws and regulations of the 
Order, and as the Supreme Chancellor or Supreme Lodge may 
from time to time direct. He shall be furnished with an office, 
and shall have regular office hours, and give notice to all Grand 
Lodges of the time at which he will so attend, and at each ses- 
sion present a report of the general condition of the Order to 
the Supreme Lodge. He shall have power to provide himself, 
at the expense of the Supreme Lodge, with such books, papers, 
7* 



78 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

and stationery as are necessary for the fulfilment of his duties, 
and keep in his office a copy of the seal of each Grand and Sub- 
ordinate Lodge. He shall submit a quarterly trial balance to 
the Supreme Chancellor for examination, as also render to each 
regular session of the Supreme Lodge, full and exhaustive copies 
of his accounts with the Grand and Subordinate Lodges, etc., of 
and during the whole term of recess passed. He shall receive 
for his services the sum of seven hundred and fifty dollars per 
annum, payable quarterly. For the faithful performance of his 
duties he shall give bond, to be executed and approved before 
his installation, in the sum of ten thousand dollars, with unex- 
ceptionable securities, or otherwise the office to be declared 
vacant, and filled by election. 

Sec. 7. The duties of the Supreme Master-at-Arms, Inner and 
Outer Guards, are such as are traditionally appropriate to their 
respective stations, or such as may be assigned them by the Su- 
preme Lodge. 

Sec. 8. All Deputy Supreme Chancellors (of jurisdictions in 
which there are no Grand Lodges) shall install the officers of all 
Subordinate Lodges within their jurisdictions, or cause the same 
to be done, and perform such other duties as the Supreme Chan- 
cellor may direct. 

ARTICLE IV. 

SESSIONS. 

Sessions of the Supreme Lodge shall be held annually, at such 
time in the months of April, May, June, July, or August as the 
Supreme Lodge may at each annual session determine ; Pro- 
vided, That if the Supreme Lodge neglects to fix any special 
time, it shall convene on the third Tuesday of April. 

The place for the holding of each annual session shall be 
fixed at the preceding annual session ; Provided, That if no 
place is fixed by the Supreme Lodge, the annual session shall 
be held in the city of Baltimore. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. ?g 



ARTICLE V. 

COMMITTEES. 

Section i . The following Committees shall be appointed an- 
nually by the Supreme Chancellor : 

Committee on Laws and Supervision. 

Committee on Finance. 

Committee on Appeals and Grievances. 

Committee on Credentials and Returns. 

Committee on Mileage. 

Committee on State of the Order. 

Committee on Written Work. 

Committee on Unwritten Work. 

Committee on Printing. 

Committee on Dispensations and Charters. 

Sec 2. The Committee on Laws and Supervision shall, when 
such subjects are presented to the Supreme Lodge and duly 
referred to them, inquire into all cases of infraction of the estab- 
lished laws and regulations of the Order, and recommend such 
measures as they may deem expedient for correcting the innova- 
tion, and further consider and have charge of all matters coming 
within the purview of that committee. 

Sec. 3. The Committee on Finance shall examine the accounts 
of the Supreme Master of Exchequer and Supreme Keeper of 
Records and Seal, at each session, and whenever required so to 
do by the Supreme Lodge. They shall examine and pass upon all 
bills presented to the Supreme Lodge when in session, and, if 
correct, report, if approving the same, for economy or creating 
a remedy by legislation for all extravagant expenditures. They 
shall make estimates for and recommend appropriations of moneys 
for general or specific purposes during recess of the Supreme 
Lodge, and bring down an approximate estimate, based on past 
results, of the probable revenue likely to accrue ; and no expen- 
ditures of any character shall be made in excess of the appropria- 
tions then made until the next regular session. 



80 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Sec. 4. The Committee on Appeals and Grievances shall hear 
all appeals and grievances from Grand Lodges or members of 
Lodges referred to them by the Supreme Lodge, or Supreme 
Chancellor, and report thereon with the utmost dispatch. 

Sec. 5. The Committee on Credentials and Returns shall ex- 
amine and report on the returns of the Grand Lodges and 
Subordinate under the immediate jurisdiction of the Supreme 
Lodge, and the Credentials of all Past Grand Chancellors and 
Representatives to the Supreme Lodge. 

Sec. 6. The Committee on Mileage shall compute the mileage 
and per diem of all Supreme Officers and Representatives, at each 
regular or special called session, making out a proper, complete, 
and accurate roll of the same, and report the amount to which 
each one on the roll is entitled ; and no order shall be drawn for 
the same until said report is indorsed by a majority of the Com- 
mittee. 

Sec. 7. The Committee on State of the Order shall examine 
and report upon such portions of reports of the Supreme Officers 
and D. S. C.'s, so far as the same relate to the state of the 
Order, and upon such other matters as may be referred to them, 
presenting in their reports an exhibit of the condition and pro- 
gress of the Order, and recommending such measures for the 
good and prosperity of the whole Order as they may think the 
circumstances require. 

Sec 8. The Committee on Written Work shall examine and 
report upon such parts of reports of the Supreme Officers or other 
matters referred to them pertaining to aH Written Work of the 
Order of a public nature, covering Regalias, Jewels, Charts, 
Certificates, Shields, Uniforms, Equipments or Public Ceremo- 
nials, Forms for and details of matters not properly of a secret 
nature. 

Sec 9. The Committee on Unwritten Work shall examine 
and report upon such reports of the Supreme Officers or other 
matters referred to them of a nature that may be strictly private, 
or in consonance and keeping with the duties of the name of the 
committee. 

Sec. iq. The Committee on Printing shall have general supers 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 8 1 

visory charge of and examine into all matters referred to or com- 
ing within the purview of their duties as suggested by their name ; 
make all contracts not otherwise provided for, compare mate- 
rials, qualities, and prices, analyze all bills submitted for printing, 
binding, and supplies, establish a standard style, quality, and 
grade of same, and report their findings and recommendations 
to the Supreme Lodge. 

Sec. ii. The Committee on Dispensations and Charters shall 
examine into all proper matters referred to them from the Su- 
preme Officers' reports ; they shall examine and report on all 
petitions for Warrants of Dispensation issued by the Supreme 
Chancellor for Subordinate or Grand Lodges, or applications for 
Charters for the same, approving or disapproving of the issuing 
of the same, and other general Dispensations, or D. S. C.'s 
Commissions issued during recess of the Supreme Lodge. 

Sec. 12. Each of the above-named Committees shall consist 
of three members, and when serving on actual work during a 
recess, by order of the Supreme Lodge or of the Supreme Chan- 
cellor, shall have their necessary expenses paid. 

ARTICLE VI. 

MODE OF FORMING A GRAND LODGE. 

Section i. All Subordinate Lodges in jurisdictions where no 
Grand Lodge exists, shall be under the immediate control of 
this Supreme Lodge until the formation of a Grand Lodge for 
that jurisdiction, and shall pay to the Supreme Lodge, while 
under its control, fifty cents per capita tax on each member 
annually. 

Sec. 2. When there are five or more Subordinate Lodges es- 
tablished and in working order in any jurisdiction, they, through 
the Deputy Supreme Chancellor thereof, may petition the Su- 
preme Chancellor, who shall cause the Supreme Keeper of 
Records and Seal to notify each of the Lodges of that -jurisdic- 
tion to elect two Representatives for the unexpired balance of 
the year, up to the 31st day of December following, on the first 

F 



82 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

meeting night of the Lodge after the receipt of the communi- 
cation. 

Sec. 3. The. Past Chancellors of the five or more Lodges, 
together with the Representatives elect, shall meet at such place 
as may be specified by the Supreme Chancellor, and proceed to 
organize a Grand Lodge by electing a Past Grand Chancellor, 
Grand Chancellor, Grand Vice Chancellor, Grand Prelate, 
Grand Master of Exchequer, Grand Keeper of Records and Seal, 
Grand Master at Arms, Grand Inner Guard, Grand Outer Guard, 
all of whom must be Past Chancellors. 

Sec. 4. The Grand Lodge, as soon as organized, shall elect 
two Representatives to the Supreme Lodge, as prescribed in Sec- 
tion 2, Art. II. of the Constitution, and the said Representatives 
are hereby declared Past Grand Chancellors. 

Sec. 5. A notice of their organization, together with a list of 
their officers, shall be forwarded to the Supreme K. of R. and S., 
through the Supreme Chancellor, and the latter officer shall in- 
stall, or cause to be installed, by a Deputy Supreme Chancellor, 
the officers-elect of said Grand Lodge ; after which it shall pro- 
ceed to frame a Constitution and By-Laws for its own govern- 
ment, not inconsistent with the laws promulgated by this body. 

ARTICLE VII. 

OF GRAND LODGE. 

Section i. Grand Lodges exist by virtue of a Charter or Dis- 
pensation issued by authority of the Supreme Lodge, or Supreme 
Chancellor during its recess. They shall conform to the Ritual, 
Forms, Ceremonies, Work, Regalia, Jewels, Uniform, Charts, 
Shields, and Certificates, and regulations prescribed by the Su- 
preme Lodge, in accordance with this Constitution, and shall 
(subject to the provisions hereof and right of appeal) have ex- 
clusive original jurisdiction over all Subordinate Lodges within 
their territorial limit, and over the members attached to the 
same. 

Sec. 2. All power and authority not herein reserved to the Su- 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 83 

preme Lodge, is hereby delegated to the Grand Lodges, the Su- 
preme Lodge, however, reserving to itself the right, at any time, 
by proper amendments, duly adopted, to this Constitution, to re- 
sume any additional power necessary to promote the well-being 
and harmony of the Order. 

Sec. 3. Each Grand Lodge shall adopt a Constitution for its 
own government, and also a Constitution for its Subordinates, 
which Constitutions shall be in accordance with the provisions 
of this Constitution and the laws made in pursuance hereof. The 
Constitutions of Grand Lodges, and all amendments thereof, shall 
not go into effect until submitted to and approved by the Supreme 
Chancellor or Supreme Lodge. 

Sec. 4. Grand Lodges shall be composed only of Past Chan- 
cellors ; but said Grand Lodges may provide for a representative 
system, and may limit the rights and privileges of Past Chancel- 
lors on the floor of the Grand Lodge. 

Sec. 5. The officers of a Grand Lodge shall be as prescribed 
in Sec. 3 of Art. VI. of this Constitution, who shall be elected 
or appointed as the Constitutions of the respective Grand Lodges 
may prescribe, and who shall hold office for the term of one 
year. 

Sec 6. Charters of Grand Lodges may be revoked, and Grand 
Lodges suspended, by the Supreme Lodge, for non-conformity 
to the Work, Ceremonies, or Ritual adopted by the Supreme 
Lodge; for disobedience to its legal mandates, and for improper 
conduct. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

OF SUBORDINATE LODGES. 

Section i. Subordinate Lodges exist by virtue of Dispensa- 
tions issued by the Supreme Lodge through the Supreme Chan- 
cellor, or Charters granted in lieu thereof, or directly by the 
appropriate Grand Lodge ; but to each Grand Lodge, when 
formed, belongs the exclusive right to issue Charters to Lodges 
instituted within its prescribed territorial jurisdiction. 

Sec. 2. Grand Lodges shall prescribe a Constitution for the 



84 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Subordinate Lodges within their jurisdiction ; but the following 
obligatory general rules or principles shall be incorporated into 
each Subordinate Lodge Constitution : 

i. A Lodge shall never consist of less than seven members of 
the Knight rank, and shall hold stated meetings at least once a 
week, at such an hour as may from time to time be determined 
upon ; Provided, That each Grand Lodge may allow meeting at 
longer intervals by a regular dispensation. 

2. Not less than seven members of the Knight rank shall con- 
stitute a quorum for the transaction of business, including one 
qualified to preside \ and if seven members only be present, no 
appropriations of money shall be made, unless it be by unani- 
mous consent. 

3. The Lodge shall transact all its business in the Knight 
rank, except the actual conferring of the Page or Esquire rank. 

4. The officers of a Subordinate Lodge shall be as provided 
in the Ritual of the Order. 

5. Nominations for the elective officers may be made on the 
night preceding, and on the night of election. 

6. Officers shall be installed at the first regular meeting in the 
new term, if unforeseen circumstances do not prevent \ but no 
officer shall be installed unless he has fully paid to his Lodge 
the amount of all dues and claims of whatsoever nature then 
accrued. 

7. All vacancies by death, removal, suspension, resignation, 
or otherwise, shall be filled in the manner of the original selec- 
tion, to serve the residue of the term, and officers so serving 
shall be entitled to the honors of the term. 

8. No person shall be initiated into a Lodge of this Order 
who has not reached the legal age of majority in the country 
where the Lodge is located, nor unless he be a white male, of 
good moral character, sound in health, and a believer in a Su- 
preme Being. Every application for membership must be ac- 
companied with the initiation fee, the amount of which shall be 
fixed by each Grand Lodge ; Provided, That in no case shall the 
three ranks be conferred in North America for a less amount than 
ten dollars; Provided, further, That the Supreme Chancellor be^ 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK: 85 

and is, hereby authorized and empowered, upon the application 
of a Grand Lodge through its proper officers, to issue his Dis- 
pensations authorizing and permitting such jurisdiction to con- 
fer the three ranks of the Order for a sum not less than six dol- 
lars. 

9. Applications for initiation must be signed by the petitioner, 
stating his age, residence, and occupation, and endorsed by two 
Knights in good standing, who are members of the Lodge, which 
must be entered on the records, and the petition referred to a 
committee of three for investigation (neither of whom shall have 
recommended him), whose duty it shall be to report on the char- 
acter and qualifications of the petitioner at a regular meeting. 
The applicant shall then be balloted for, by secret ball ballot, 
and, if approved, he may be admitted. 

10. Should two black balls appear against a candidate, the 
ballot shall be renewed immediately. Should two or more ap- 
pear on the second ballot, he shall be declared rejected, and no 
other ballot shall be taken in his case for the space of six months 
thereafter. 

11. One week must elapse between the conferring of the Ranks 
in all cases, except the first four meetings of a new Lodge \ but 
in every instance one week must elapse between the application 
and the conferring of the initiatory rank of Page. 

(The above paragraph shall not apply to cases where Dispensa- 
tions are granted by a proper Grand Officer, or through his 
Deputy.) 

12. Any Brother of the Order, in good standing, desirous of 
becoming a member of a Lodge, shall make application as in the 
case of an uninitiated person, and accompany same with his with- 
drawal card from the Lodge of which he was last a member, or 
the card granted by the Grand Lodge in lieu thereof, which shall 
be referred to a committee of three, whose duty it shall be to 
report as to the standing and qualifications of the applicant at a 
regular meeting. The Brother shall then be balloted for by 
secret ball ballot, as in the case of an initiate. Any Brother who 
may have lost his card can have the same renewed by applying 
to the source from which it emanated. 

8 



86 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

13. No proposition for membership shall be withdrawn, unless 
by consent of the Lodge, after it has been referred to a com- 
mittee, and all cases so referred shall be balloted for upon the 
report of the committee, whether it be favorable or unfavorable. 

14. A candidate for membership, residing in a jurisdiction 
other than the one in which his proposition is offered, shall not 
be initiated without the written consent of the Lodge nearest his 
residence. 

15. No rank shall be conferred on a Brother who is a non- 
resident of the jurisdiction, or who is a member of another 
Lodge, without first obtaining the permission of the Lodge to 
which the Brother is attached. 

16. No rank shall be conferred, under any pretence whatever, 
unless the same shall have been previously paid for. 

17. Applications for withdrawal cards shall be made, either 
personally or in writing, to a Lodge, and a card thereupon shall 
be granted ; Provided, The Brother be clear of the books, free 
from charges made or pending, and there be no other valid ob- 
jection. 

18. Any withdrawal card may be revoked by a Lodge grant- 
ing the same, or ordered vacated by the proper Grand Lodge, 
or Grand Chancellor, at any time,' for cause appearing, and 
when so revoked for the purpose of impeachment or trial, the 
person holding said card shall again become subject to the Lodge 
which issued same, in so far as concerns said impeachment or 
trial. Refusal to comply with proper citation in this connection 
shall constitute contempt. 

19. A withdrawal card can be renewed if lost or destroyed 
accidentally, and satisfactory evidence adduced from the holder 
and applicant, by the Lodge having granted the same, and upon 
such terms as the Lodge may determine. 

20. Each Lodge shall have a seal with appropriate devices, 
which shall be affixed to such cards, as well as to all official docu- 
ments emanating from the Lodge. 

21. A member who is one year in arrears shall be declared 
suspended ; Provided, Said member is not under charges. 

22. Lodges shall provide for carrying into effect the beneficial 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 87 

character of the Order, by providing for the payment of weekly 
benefits in case of disability, and funeral benefits in case of the 
death of a member ; and weekly benefits shall not be less than 
one dollar per week, nor funeral benefits less than twenty dollars. 

OF DELINQUENT OR DEFUNCT LODGES. 

Sec. 3. Any Grand or Subordinate Lodge may be suspended 
or dissolved, and its Charter or Dispensation forfeited to the Su- 
preme or the proper Grand Lodge : 

1. For improper conduct. 

2. For neglecting or refusing to conform to the Constitution, 
Laws, or Enactments of the Supreme or its Grand Lodge, or the 
general laws and regulations of the Order. 

3. For neglecting or refusing to make its returns, or for non- 
payment of dues or taxes to the Supreme or its proper Grand 
Lodge. But the Charter or Dispensation shall not be forfeited 
in either of the above cases, until the Lodge shall have been 
duly notified of its offence by the Supreme or proper Grand 
Keeper of Records and Seal, and suitable opportunity given to 
answer the charges made against it. 

4. For neglecting to hold the regular stated meetings as pro- 
vided by law, without a proper Dispensation therefor, or unless 
prevented from doing so by some unforeseen circumstance. 

5. By its membership diminishing, so that less than a consti- 
tutional quorum may be left. 

ARTICLE IX. 

QUORUM OF VOTES. 

A majority of the Grand Lodges shall constitute a quorum to 
transact business ; and a member of a Grand Lodge whose re- 
turns for the year and Supreme Representative tax have not been 
regularly and annually forwarded to the proper Supreme officers 
on or before the first day of March prior to any session of the 
Supreme Lodge, shall in no case be entitled to a vote, either by 
being an officer or Supreme Representative. 



8'8 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

ARTICLE X. 

REVENUE. 

Each Grand Lodge shall pay to the Supreme Lodge the sum 
of $75 annually for each Representative to which they are en- 
titled, and each Grand and Subordinate Lodge shall pay for sup- 
plies such sums as may be fixed in the By-Laws of the Supreme 
Lodge, and all work or supplies so ordered must be paid for 
when ordering, or on date of delivery. 

ARTICLE XI. 

MILEAGE. 

The Supreme Lodge shall pay the mileage and necessary ex- 
penses of its* officers and Representatives to and while in Su- 
preme session, unless otherwise provided for. 

The mileage shall be at the rate of four cents per mile, and 
four dollars per day during the actual session of the body. 

ARTICLE XII. 

REGALIA. 

The Regalia of the Supreme, Grand, and Subordinate Lodges 
shall be such as is prescribed by the Supreme Lodge or adopted 
and approved from time to time at the regular sessions of the 
Supreme Lodge. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OBLIGATORY. 

All Constitutional provisions contained in all Articles, Sec- 
tions, or paragraphs of this Constitution and By-Laws are obli- 
gatory, in every sense, on all Grand and Subordinate Lodges, 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 89 

Knights of Pythias, and all Grand or Subordinate Lodge laws 
in contravention or conflict herewith are rendered void of effect 
and illegal in enforcement, or, if enforced, are acts of contu- 
macy, liable and subject to proper punishment. 



ARTICLE XIV. 

LAWS, WHEN IN FORCE. 

All laws, enactments, or legislation of the Supreme Lodge, 
become of force from date of passage and publication. 

ARTICLE XV. 

SUPREME REPRESENTATIVES' REPORTS. 

Supreme Representatives' written reports to their Grand Lodges 
or Grand officers are official in so far as rendering a Supreme 
law operative in its effect prior to the issuance of the Journal of 
Proceedings or a General Order, and may be recognized until 
said Journal of Proceedings or General Orders are issued, when 
said general promulgation and issuance of the Journal or Orders, 
if differing from their reports in letter, spirit, or construction, 
it (Journal or Orders) must be immediately conformed to in every 
respect. 

ARTICLE XVI. 

PASSWORDS. 

The Supreme Chancellor shall have exclusive right of creation 
and promulgation of all passwords proper and fitting for the case 
involved — to rescind, call in, and change the same, if circum- 
stances require, or the exigencies of the case warrant — prescribe 
their application and use. 



90 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

ARTICLE XVII. 

FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

The Supreme Chancellor may authorize and establish the 
Order in foreign countries, arrange for and assent to the insti- 
tution of Grand Lodges therein, under proper reservations for 
mutual advantage, but, in all instances, exacting and holding 
intact the spirit, letter, and intent of this Constitution and By- 
Laws. 

ARTICLE XVIII. 

ANNUAL RETURNS. 

Each Grand Lodge, under the control of the Supreme Lodge, 
as also all Subordinate Lodges in any State, country, island, or 
territory, where there is no Grand Lodge legally at work or 
properly instituted, shall make out annual returns of its work and 
business in accordance with the form sent or delivered to them 
by the Supreme Keeper of Records and Seal, or other proper 
officer, and forward the same, with the legal dues or tax from 
that body to the Supreme Lodge, to said Supreme Keeper of 
Records and Seal, on or before the first day of March of each 
year, or, in default thereof, such Grand Lodge shall forfeit its 
right to representation at the next session of the Supreme Lodge. 

ARTICLE XIX. 

APPEALS AND WRITS OF ERROR. 

Section i. All appeals and writs of error, taken from the 
action or decision of a Grand Lodge, or a Subordinate Lodge 
under the immediate jurisdiction of the Supreme Lodge of the 
World, to said Supreme Lodge, as hereinafter provided, shall be 
received and passed upon by said Supreme Lodge, in its capacity 
of a court of last resort ; but in all cases, the action or decision 
of a Grand Lodge, or a Subordinate Lodge under the immediate 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. QI 

jurisdiction of the Supreme Lodge, shall be. final and conclusive 
until reversed by this Supreme Lodge, on appeals or prosecutions 
of a writ of error therefrom, as hereinafter provided. 

Sec. 2. An appeal may be taken from the action or decision 
of any Subordinate Lodge under the immediate jurisdiction of 
the Supreme Lodge of the World, to said Supreme Lodge, by 
any member of such Subordinate Lodge, or by any other person 
whose rights have been denied by such action or decision, upon 
giving written notice to said Subordinate Lodge, of said appeal, 
within two weeks from and after such action or decision. 

Sec. 3. With the consent of a Grand Lodge, an appeal may 
be taken by any Subordinate Lodge, or member under its juris- 
diction, from any action or decision of such Grand Lodge, to 
the Supreme Lodge of the World ; Provided, however, that such 
consent shall not be necessary, when a suspended or dissolved 
Lodge, after having surrendered to its Grand Lodge all its effects, 
books, and property, appeals from such decision : and, provided 
further, that any action or decision of a Grand Lodge, where 
is drawn in question any provision of the Constitution, or any 
enactment or authority of the Supreme Lodge of the World, 
and the action or decision is against the validity of such provi- 
sion, enactment, or authority, may be examined and reversed or 
affirmed in the Supreme Lodge of the World, upon a writ of 
error, to the same extent as could have been done upon an appeal 
legally taken from such action or decision. 

Sec. 4. Such writ of error, as provided for by the last section, 
may be issued by and upon petition to either the Grand Chan- 
cellor of the Grand Lodge, the action or decision of which is 
sought to be reviewed, the Supreme Chancellor or the Supreme 
Lodge of the World, in the case provided for in the last section, 
and in the order only as above named in this section. 

Sec. 5. Consent of a Grand Lodge to appeal must be obtained 
at the same session at which the action or decision from which 
such appeal is sought to be taken, was had, and the proper record 
upon such appeal must be transmitted, properly attested, to the 
next session of the Supreme Lodge thereafter \ Provided, that the 
Supreme Lodge may, in extreme cases, allow the appeal to be 



92 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

entertained at not later than its next following session thereafter. 
The same rules shall also apply in the prosecution of a writ of 
error. 

Sec. 6. The Supreme Lodge of the World may also adopt such 
additional rules and regulations as may be deemed necessary and 
proper to fully carry into effect the foregoing provisions of this 
article. 

ARTICLE XX. 

APPLICATION FOR GRAND LODGE CHARTERS. 

Grand Lodges working under Dispensation issued by the Su- 
preme Chancellor must apply in regular course, by petition, for 
their Charter, at the first regular session after their institution ; 
which petition shall be accompanied by their Reports, Constitu- 
tion, and By-Laws, all of which shall be referred to the proper 
committees, when, the reports being favorable, and the Com- 
mittee on Charters and Dispensations reporting and recommend- 
ing that a Charter be issued, and the Supreme Lodge concurring 
therein, the Charter shall then be issued, but not otherwise. 

ARTICLE XXI. 

DEPUTY SUPREME CHANCELLOR — HONORS. 

Any Knight to whom a commission as Deputy Supreme Chan- 
cellor shall be issued, in any State, country, territory, or island 
where the Order is not already established, or if so, where no 
Grand Lodge exists, shall be entitled to, and receive the rank 
of Past Chancellor; and if in a territory where the Order exists, 
and a Grand Lodge is instituted while he is in charge thereof, he 
shall be entitled to, and receive at the hands of this Supreme 
Lodge, the rank and grade of Past Grand Chancellor therefor ; 
except as above or as otherwise provided in this Constitution, 
the grade or rank of Past Grand Chancellor shall not be con- 
ferred upon any Past Chancellor who has not served as Grand 
Chancellor; Provided, That German D. D. G. C/s, whose juris- 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT- BO OK. 93 

diction is co-extensive with their State, have been elected or ap- 
pointed by the Grand Lodge, and who serve for three successive 
years, shall be entitled to the rank of P. G. C. 



ARTICLE XXII. 

DEPUTY SUPREME CHANCELLORS. 

All Past Grand or Past Chancellors of full rank, regularly 
authorized and commissioned by the Supreme Chancellor to 
institute Grand Lodges, or to travel under his instructions to 
exemplify the Work, shall be known, commissioned, and styled 
Deputy Supreme Chancellors. 

ARTICLE XXIII. 

EXPENSES OF INSTITUTING. 

The necessary expenses incident to travelling to any point and 
back to original starting-point, for the purpose of instituting any 
Subordinate or Grand Lodge, by the Supreme Chancellor or his 
Deputy, shall be paid by the Lodges instituted. 

ARTICLE XXIV, 

RANK CREDENTIALS. 

All Knights having Past Rank removing from one jurisdiction 
to another, and desiring to affiliate on a withdrawal card, must 
also present a Rank credential to entitle him to the same. 

ARTICLE XXV. 

BALLOT — BLACK BALLS. • 

Grand Lodges may legislate in their local law to prescribe that 
one black ball may reject, in cases of application for member- 



94 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

ship, but shall not increase the same to more than as prescribed 
in the Supreme maximum of two. 



ARTICLE XXVI. 

SEALS. 

All Grand and Subordinate Lodges shall have an appropriate 
seal, bearing proper devices thereon, name, number, and loca- 
tion of the Lodge, with the date of its institution thereon, a good 
copy or impression of which shall be deposited with the Supreme 
Keeper of Records and Seal. 

ARTICLE XXVII. 

COMPILED PROCEEDINGS. 

It shall be obligatory on all Grand and Subordinate Lodges of 
this Order to have a full volume of Supreme Lodge Proceedings 
and Laws as issued on hand, for ready reference on law or usage 
points ; and hereafter, for any and all new Subordinate Lodges, 
one full copy or set of Supreme Lodge Proceedings shall consti- 
tute an indispensable part of their supplies to be sent out and 
paid for. All "sets" of Work, etc., as herein enumerated, shall 
constitute the legal number to be issued by any and all Grand 
Lodges or officers, which shall neither be added to nor taken 
from by them ; and all Work delivered to Grand and Subordi- 
nate Lodges or officers ordering the same, must be paid for on 
date of delivery, free of expense to the Supreme Lodge. 

ARTICLE XXVIII. 

ELECTIONS — SUPREME LODGE. 

The Supreme Lodge officers shall be elected bi-annually by 
ballot. A majority of all the votes present shall be necessary to 
constitute a choice. In case of a tie, the balloting shall continue 



I 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 95 

until a choice is made ; the name of the Brother receiving the 
lowest number of votes at each balloting shall be withdrawn. 
Any officer who may be absent at the time of installation, un- 
less excused by the Supreme Lodge, or by sickness, his office 
shall be declared vacant, and another and immediate election 
held to fill the vacancy ; but if the absent officer-elect has been 
excused, or is ill, then the Supreme Chancellor may be empow- 
ered to install during recess, at his convenience. 



ARTICLE XXIX. 

TRAVELLING SHIELDS. 

Travelling Shields, for the use of Brethren, can only be used 
or recognized when procured from the Supreme Lodge, and are 
of the prescribed and legal form, as adopted, and under its re- 
strictions as made for general or special use, by Grand Lodges, 
and from them issued to the Subordinate Lodges for issuance to 
members, except it be where no Grand Lodge is in existence, or 
recognized by this Supreme Lodge, and in such cases from the 
Deputy Supreme Chancellor in charge of said State or Territory. 

ARTICLE XXX. 

UNIFORM AND REGALIA. 

All Supreme, Grand, or Subordinate Lodge officers appearing 
in the prescribed uniform of the Order indicative of their rank, 
and wearing the proper and prescribed official Jewel on their left 
breast; or, 

All Past Supreme, Grand, or Subordinate Lodge officers ap- 
pearing apparelled in a like manner, wearing the proper and pre- 
scribed Past Official Jewel on their left breast ; or, 

Any and all Knights appearing and apparelled in a like manner, 
with the Knight's Jewel on his left breast, shall be considered in 
full and complete regalia for all Lodge conventions, meetings, or 
session purposes, being entitled to admission to, and seat within, 



g6 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

any Lodge of the Order (if otherwise qualified and entitled to 
admission) wherever existing. But in the absence of the uni- 
form, the Jewel alone shall not be considered sufficient regalia, 
except for officers of Subordinate Lodges in their conventions 
and at their stations ; and the following shall be the Regalia, 
when used, of the several bodies as below, to wit : 

The Regalia of the Supreme Lodge shall be as follows : 

For Past Supreme Chancellor — A purple collar; skirted with 
scarlet and white ; the scarlet to be inside, to be trimmed with 
helmet, globe, and tassels, lace and fringe of gilt bullion. Jewel, 
of white and yellow metals, to be worn pendant thereto, with 
the words Past Supreme Chancellor, enamelled or engraved on 
the border. 

For Supreme Chancellor and Supreme Vice Chancellor — Col- 
lars of purple, skirted with scarlet, of the same form, style, and 
trimming (including helmet and globe) as the sitting Past Su- 
preme Chancellor. Jewels to be of yellow and white metals, as 
provided and adopted, of the same device in emblems, unless 
otherwise specifically stated, as those worn by the corresponding 
officers of Grand and Subordinate Lodges, and to be worn sus- 
pended from the collar, in the same manner as above stated, or 
used in prescribed manner for them. 

For remaining Supreme Officers — Same as specified for Su- 
preme Chancellor. 

For Supreme Prelate — White collar, skirted with scarlet, 
trimmed with gilt lace and bullion fringe and tassels. On the 
right breast of the collar shall be embroidered in gilt bullion a 
visored helmet, with axe and lance crossed, illustrative of the. 
name and general character of the Order. On the left breast 
shall be embroidered in gilt bullion a globe, emblematical of 
universal fraternity, and the supreme authority of this Lodge. 
The Jewel, of white and yellow metals, shall be as prescribed 
and adopted, to be worn suspended from the collar where the 
ends are united, or suspended on the left breast in open sight if 
in uniform and detached from Regalia. 

For Supreme Representatives — The same as P. G. C.'s, with 
"S. R." upon the right-hand side of collar, in gilt bullion, with 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. Q? 

Jewel pendant, or as otherwise prescribed for members in uni- 
form. 

No Past Officer, Representative, or member, shall be allowed 
to enter the Supreme Lodge when in session, unless properly 
uniformed and jewelled, or clothed in the established regalia of 
his rank, according to these prescriptions, with Jewel appended 
thereto : Provided, any Past Chancellor, officer, or member pre- 
senting himself at the door of any Lodge of the Order properly 
uniformed, as prescribed by the Supreme Lodge law, with the 
Past Official, Official, or Knight's Jewel on his left breast, in open 
sight, shall be recognized as in proper regalia, and be entitled to 
admittance, if otherwise qualified. 

The working Regalia of Grand Lodges shall be as follows, 
to wit : 

P. G. Chancellors — Black velvet collar, trimmed with gold 
lace and fringe, and P. G. C. embroidered in gold on left side, 
with the approved and adopted Jewel pendant. 

P. Chancellors — Red velvet collar, trimmed with gold fringe, 
and adopted and approved Jewel pendant. 

Representatives — Same as Past Chancellors, rosette with 
number of Lodge on left side, and approved and adopted Jewel 
pendant. Said rosette to be furnished by the Subordinate Lodge 
represented. 

Officers — Same as Past Chancellors, with the prescribed in- 
signia of office of their rank, adopted and approved Jewel 
pendant : Provided, any officer, Representative, or Past Chan- 
cellor, presenting himself properly uniformed, as prescribed by 
the Supreme Lodge law, with the Past Official or Official Jewel 
on his left breast, in open sight, shall be recognized as in proper 
regalia, and be entitled to admittance, if otherwise qualified. 

The working Regalia of Subordinate Lodges shall be as fol- 
lows, to wit : 

For Pages, a blue collar ; for Esquires, a yellow collar ; for 
Knights, a red collar. Officers' Regalia — For C. C, a collar 
of scarlet velvet, with silver fringe one and a half inches long, 
and silver lace border on inner edge half inch wide, with Jewel 
pendant; for V. C, the same as the C. C, with Jewel pendant; 
9 G 



98 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

for Prelate, a black velvet collar, trimmed same as C. C. and V. 
C, with Jewel pendant; for M. of E., the same as the V. C, 
omitting the fringe, with Jewel pendant ; for M. of F., the same 
as the M. of E., with Jewel pendant ; for K. of R. and S., the 
same as the M. of F. , with Jewel pendant; for M. at A., the 
same as the K. of R. and S., with Jewel pendant ; for I. G., the 
same as the M. at A., with Jewel pendant; for 0. G., the same 
as the I. G., with Jewel pendant ; for P. C, the same as the C. 
C., with gold fringe, with Jewel pendant; or, in other words, 
plain collars, the same as the above in every particular, except 
the embroidered emblems as heretofore used, and in their place 
the adopted metal Jewels hanging pendant thereto : Provided, 
that any and all Lodges, of this Order, wherever hereafter started, 
on and after July i, 1874, shall procure and use only the plain 
Regalia and prescribed metal Jewels (if desiring both), or Jewels 
alone ; that any and all Lodges now having and using the Regalia 
with the " embroidered emblems" on them, may do so until 
worn out, but when replacing them, either in part or whole, shall 
conform strictly to the provisions as herein expressed and above 
set forth ; conditioned that no part of this provision shall be 
so construed by any authority to prevent Lodge officers, when 
working, using the Jewels alone, without any Regalia, or any 
Lodge now having and using the style of Regalia with em- 
broidered emblems thereon, from using the metal Jewel in con- 
nection therewith. Provided, any Past Chancellor, officer, or 
member, presenting himself properly uniformed, as prescribed 
by the Supreme Lodge law, with the Past Official, Official, or 
Knight's Jewel on his left breast, in open sight, shall be recog- 
nized as in proper Regalia, and be entitled to admittance, if 
otherwise qualified. " Provided, further, any Past Supreme 
Officer, Supreme Officer, Supreme Representative, Past Supreme 
Representative, Past Grand Officer, Grand Officer, Past Chan- 
cellor, and Subordinate Lodge Officer, and Knight wearing the 
Jewel of his rank on the left lappel of the coat in a Lodge, shall 
be considered in full Regalia. " 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 99 

ARTICLE XXXI. 

SUSPENSION OF LODGES. 

The Supreme and each Grand Lodge may provide for and 
order the revocation of any or all Dispensations or Charters and 
suspension of Subordinate Lodges under their jurisdiction for vio- 
lations of this Constitution, Supreme Lodge orders, enactments, 
legislation or decisions, or their Grand Lodge constitutional 
provisions, local laws, or Grand Chancellor's official mandates 
during recess. 

ARTICLE XXXII. 

TERMS. 

A term of the Supreme Lodge shall be two years, and the 
terms of Subordinate Lodges working immediately under the 
control of the Supreme Lodge shall be six months, and the 
terms of Grand Lodges shall be one year, and that the terms of 
Subordinate Lodges working under the control of Grand Lodges, 
shall be remitted to the several Grand Jurisdictions. Provided, 
that no term of a Subordinate Lodge shall be less than six 
months. 

ARTICLE XXXIII. 

AMENDMENTS. 

No alteration or amendment to the Constitution of the Su- 
preme Lodge shall be made unless presented at a regular session, 
and adopted by a two-thirds vote at the next succeeding regular 
session : Provided, That no change shall be made in the Written 
or Unwritten Work unless the same lay over from one session to 
another, nor then, unless four-fifths of the Representatives concur 
therein. Provided always, however, that the Supreme Lodge 
shall have the power to exercise a special prerogative to alter or 
amend any part or portion of the foregoing Constitution, by 
unanimous consent, whenever the interests of the Order so 
demand. 



100 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



BY-LAWS. 

All printed or other materials furnished by the Supreme Lodge 
to any Grand or Subordinate Lodge, members thereof, or other 
parties, for creating a revenue for the Supreme Lodge, shall be 
known under the general heading of " supplies ; M which said 
supplies shall be furnished as may be from time to time specified, 
changed, altered or amended by legislation at the regular sessions, 
but which for the time being shall be as follows, to wit : 

SUPPLIES TO GRAND LODGES. 

Dispensation Fee to Grand Lodges $30 00 

Charter Fee. .' 20 00 

Charter Plates for Subordinates 2 00 

Grand Lodge Rituals, $5 each, per set of 5 25 00 

Rituals for Subordinate Lodges, each 2 00 

Installation Books for Subordinate Lodges, each 40 

Odes for Subordinate Lodges, each 5 

Odes for Grand Lodges, each 10 

Bound Journals of Proceedings of Supreme Lodge, in 

paper 1 00 

Compiled Proceedings of Supreme Lodge, in leather 5 00 

Odes of the Order, set to Music, per book 20 

Dedication Ceremonies, per book $1 each, per set 5 00 

Travelling Shields ..- 20 

Withdrawal Cards 25 

Grand Lodge Jewels, per set 

Subordinate Lodge Jewels, per set... 

Knights' Jewels, each ., 

Knights' Charts, per 100 

" 75 —. 

" 50 ; 

" 25 

" IO 

each 

Past Chancellor's Charts, per 50 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 101 



Past Chancellor's Charts per 25 

it it it tt JQ 

it it tt it j- 

" " " each 

Past Grand Chancellor's Charts, per 20. 

a a a it a jq 

it a a a tt ~ 

" " " " each 



SUPPLIES TO SUBORDINATE LODGES UNDER THE IMMEDIATE 
JURISDICTION OF THE SUPREME LODGE. 

Dispensation Fee $15 00 

Rituals, per set of 5 20 00 

Installation, per set of 5 3 00 

Odes, 10 cents each, per set of 50 5 00 

Bound Journals of Supreme Lodge Proceedings, in paper. 1 00 

Compiled Proceedings, in leather 5 00 

Odes of the Order, set to Music, 40 cents per book ; per 

set of 5 2 00 

Travelling Shields 40 

Withdrawal Cards 50 

Subordinate Lodge Jewels, per set 

Knights' Jewels, each 

Knights' Charts, per 100 

" " 75 • • • 

" " 50 

" 25 

" 10 

" each 

Past Chancellor's Charts, per 50 

a a a a 2^.. 

a it tt tt IO 

it a tt a - 

" " " * each 

Past Grand Chancellor's Charts, per 20 

it a tt a a IO 

a a tt tt a - 

" " " " each 

9* 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



Rules of Order. 



i. The presiding officer having taken the chair, the officer? 
and members shall take their respective seats, and at the sound 
of the gavel there shall be a general silence. 

2. At the appointed hour the Supreme Chancellor shall or- 
ganize the meeting, by directing the Supreme Keeper of Records 
and Seal to call the names of the officers of this Supreme Lodge. 
After which he shall make report of the number of Grand Lodges 
from which Representatives are present; when, if a quorum be 
present, the Supreme Chancellor shall call on the Supreme Pre- 
late to address the Supreme Ruler of the Universe in prayer. 
The Supreme Vice Chancellor and the Supreme Master at Arms 
shall then examine the Representatives present, and report to 
the Supreme Chancellor, and, if correct, the Supreme Chancellor 
shall direct the members to clothe themselves with their regalia 
and take their seats, after which the Supreme Vice Chancellor, 
at the request of the Supreme Chancellor, shall proclaim the 
Lodge duly opened. 

3. The business shall be taken up in the following order: The 
Supreme Lodge shall be opened in due form. 

4. The Supreme Keeper of Records and Seal will report on 
the certificates of Representatives, which shall be referred to the 
proper committee. 

5. The Supreme Chancellor shall appoint a Committee on 
Credentials and Returns, and a Committee on Allotment of 
Seats — each committee to consist of three members. Both of 
said committees shall report without delay, and said reports 
shall be acted upon and disposed of before any other business is 
transacted. 

6. On the adoption of the report of the Committee on Cre- 
dentials and Returns, recommending the admission of the Past 
Grand Chancellors and Representatives, they shall be admitted 
in form. 

7. The minutes of the last annual and intervening meetings 
shall be read and passed upon. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. IO3 

8. The report of the Supreme Chancellor as to his acts and 
doings during the recess of the Supreme Lodge shall be pre- 
sented. 

9. The annual reports of the Supreme Keeper of Records and 
Seal, and Supreme Master of Exchequer, shall be presented. 

10. The Supreme Chancellor shall then appoint the following 
committees, each to consist of three members, viz. : 

Committee on Law and Supervision. 

Committee on Finance. 

Committee on Appeals and Grievances. 

Committee on Mileage. 

Committee on State of the Order. 

Committee on Written Work. 

Committee on Unwritten Work. 

Committee on Printing. 

Committee on Dispensations and Charters. 

11. The jurisdictions shall be called in their order of seniority, 
when any legitimate business may be presented. 

12. Petitions shall be presented, read, and referred. 

13. Reports of Standing Committees to be called by the Su- 
preme Chancellor in the order of their appointment. 

14. Reports of Special Committees. 

15. Miscellaneous business. 

16. The above order of business may be transposed or dis- 
pensed with, at the discretion of the Supreme Lodge. When 
the business of the session is concluded, the Supreme Prelate 
shall offer a prayer, and the Supreme Vice Chancellor shall 
proclaim the Supreme Lodge duly closed. 

17. Voting for officers shall be by ballot. All other voting 
shall be viva voce, or by yeas and nays, as the Supreme Lodge 
may determine. 

18. On the call of two jurisdictions, the yeas and nays shall 
be taken on any question, and when taken shall be entered on 
the journal. 

19. No motion shall be subject to debate until it has been 
seconded and stated by the chair. It shall be reduced to writing 
at the request of any member. 



104 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

20. When a question is before the Supreme Lodge, no motion 
shall be received, unless it be to adjourn ; the previous question, 
to lie on the table, to refer, to postpone indefinitely, to postpone 
to a certain time, to recommit, or to amend ; and the • motions 
just enumerated shall take precedence in the order of enumera- 
tion. The first three shall be decided without debate. 

21. When a subject has been indefinitely postponed, it cannot 
again, during the same session, be taken up and considered \ nor 
can a subject which the Supreme Lodge has refused to reconsider 
be taken up at that session. 

22. On a call of Representatives of three Grand Jurisdictions, 
a majority of the Supreme Lodge may demand that the previous 
question shall be put, which shall always be in this form: "Shall 
the main question be now put 7" and, until it is decided, no fur- 
ther debate shall take place, and the vote shall be taken, first, 
on any amendments that may be pending, and next on the final 
question. 

23. When the reading of any paper or other matter is called 
for, and the same is objected to by any member, it shall be de- 
termined by vote of the Supreme Lodge, without debate. 

24. Before putting a question, the presiding officer shall ask, 
il Is the Supreme Lodge ready for the question ?" If no member 
rises to speak, and a majority of the Supreme Lodge are ready 
for the question, he shall rise and put it. While the presiding 
officer is putting a question, or addressing the Supreme Lodge, 
none shall walk out of or across the room, nor entertain private 
discourse ; and after he shall have risen to put it, no member 
shall speak upon it. 

25. The presiding officer, or any other member doubting the 
decision of a question, may call for a division of the Supreme 
Lodge ; but a division cannot be called for after the chair has 
announced the result of a vote. 

26. No member shall be permitted to speak or vote unless 
clothed in regalia according to his rank and station, and occu- 
pying his seat at the place designated for him. 

27. During the progress of a ballot for an officer, no motion 
can be entertained, or debate or explanation permitted. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 105 

28. Every officer and member shall be designated by his 
proper title or office according in the Order. 

29. Every member, when he speaks or offers a motion, shall 
rise and respectfully address, and be recognized by the presiding 
officer ; and while speaking, he shall confine himself to the ques- 
tion in debate, avoiding all personalities and indecorous lan- 
guage, as well as all reflections upon the Supreme Lodge or 
any of its members. 

30. Should two or more members rise to speak at the same 
time, the Chair shall decide which is entitled to the floor ; and 
no member shall interrupt or disturb another while speaking, un- 
less to call him to order for words spoken. 

31. If a member, while speaking, shall be called to order, he 
shall, at the request of the Chair,, take his seat until the question 
of order is determined, when he may proceed again. 

32. The decisions of the Chair, on points of order, may be 
appealed from by any member, which point of order shall be 
reduced to writing; and in such cases the question shall be, 
"Shall the decision of the Chair stand as the judgment of the Su- 
preme Lodge ? ' ' 

^^. No member shall speak more than once on the same ques- 
tion, until all the members wishing to speak have had an oppor- 
tunity to do so ; and no one shall speak more then ten minutes 
on any question, unless by permission of the Supreme Lodge. 

34. When a petition, memorial, or communication is pre- 
sented, a brief statement of its contents shall be made by the 
introducer or the Chair ; and, after it has been read, a brief 
notice of its purport shall be entered upon the journal. 

35. When a blank is to be filled, the question shall be taken 
first upon the highest sum or number, and the longest or latest 
time proposed. 

36. Any member may call for the division of a question, when 
the sense will admit. 

37. After any question, except one of indefinite postponement, 
or one which the Supreme Lodge has refused to % reconsider, has 
been decided, any two members who voted in the majority may, 
at the same or next session, move for a reconsideration thereof j 



106 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS, ETC. 

but no discussion of the main question shall be allowed unril 
reconsidered. 

$8. No matter shall be considered at any morning session of 
the Supreme Lodge, until all the committees shall have had an 
opportunity of presenting reports. 

39. Any proposition offered for reference to any standing or 
special committee of this body, which shall require an entry in 
full upon the journal, shall be submitted in duplicate, either in 
print or in manuscript ; and if in writing, they shall be on paper 
not less in size than half a page of foolscap. All resolutions and 
legislative measures belonging to or within the purview of any 
standing or special committee of this body, shall be referred in 
the regular order to said committees, before reported on and 
submitted by them for action thereon by the Supreme Lodge. 

40. The Supreme Chancellor shall appoint a standing com- 
mittee on rules, to whom shall be referred all amendments there- 
to, and all questions of order not otherwise disposed of. 

41. The election of officers shall take place on such day of the 
session as the Supreme Lodge may determine. 

42. The installation of officers shall be after the business of 
the session at which the election takes place has been completed. 

43. Cushing's Manual shall be our standard for parliamentary 
law, in the absence of any rule governing our action. 

44. Proposals to add to, amend or alter these rules, shall be 
submitted in writing, and lay over at least one day, when a ma- 
jority vote shall adopt or reject. 



THE ORDER OF KiNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. 

Its Organization, Government, and Legislation, with 
Practical Reflections and Suggestions. 

BY HON. R. E. COWAN, P. G. C. AND S. R. 

WHEN we consider that the Order of Knights of Pythias 
has only been in existence for twenty years, and that the 
Supreme Lodge, which is the fountain of all the legis- 
lation of the Order, was organized a little more than fifteen 
years ago, the proportions and symmetry and perfection to which 
it has attained, as an organization, is as much a matter of 
wonder as of pride. Up to the time of the organization of the 
Supreme Lodge, the "Order Universal" was in rather a chaotic 
state ; while, to make matters worse, and the task of the Conven- 
tion called to submit a Plan for the organization of the pro- 
posed Supreme Body all the more delicate and difficult, dissen- 
sion and strife were abroad, threatening the very life of the 
Order. But, nothing discouraged, a few brave spirits seized the 
helm, and, after a hard struggle, brought order out of con- 
fusion, allayed strife, adjusted differences, subdued rebellion, 
and organized the Supreme Lodge Knights of Pythias of the 
World, which body has so asserted its authority and preroga- 
tives, and maintained its dignity, that to-day it commands the 
confidence and willing obedience of the Order as well as the re- 
spect and admiration of the world. 

FOUNDER. 

The founder of the Order is Justus H. Rathbone, of the 
city of Washington, District of Columbia, who, by special legis- 
lation of the Supreme Lodge, holds the title of " Founder and 

107 



108 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Past Supreme Chancellor." This title does not give to the dis- 
tinguished brother any rights or privileges or immunities other 
than those enjoyed by any other Past Supreme Chancellor. 

In 1882, however, at the Detroit session of the Supreme Lodge, 
an amendment was proposed to the Constitution of the Supreme 
Lodge, which will be acted upon in 1884, and which, if adopted, 
will constitute the founder of the Order an Officer of the Su- 
preme Lodge.* 

THE SUBORDINATE LODGE. 

The very foundation stone, and upon which rests the whole 
superstructure of the Order of Knights of Pythias, is the Sub- 
ordinate Lodge. The standing of every Knight in the Subor- 
dinate Lodge to which he belongs fixes and determines his stand- 
ing in the Order, and no matter to what height of Pythian 
honor he may attain, when he loses his standing in his Sub- 
ordinate Lodge he loses all. 

A Knight can only be a member of one Lodge at the same 
time, but in order to hold any official position, or be entitled to 
any of the benefits or privileges of the Order, he must be a 
member of a Lodge. 

There is no official position, no matter how humble, that can 
be filled by one who is not of the Knight's Rank, and all busi- 
ness, except the mere conferring of the Ranks of Page and Es- 
quire, must be transacted when the Lodge is open in the Knight's 
Rank. 

The highest official position attainable in a Subordinate Lodge 
is that of Past Chancellor ; in a Grand Lodge, that of Past 
Grand Chancellor; and in the Supreme Lodge, Past Supreme 
Chancellor. v 

The Rank of Past Chancellor can only be conferred by a 
Grand Lodge, and until a Past Chancellor has been obligated 
and instructed in that Rank in the Grand Lodge, he is not a 
Past Chancellor "in full," to use the expressive language of the 
Supreme Lodge. The Rank of Past Grand Chancellor is con- 
ferred by the Supreme Lodge ; while the Rank of Past Supreme 

* This was done at New Orleans session, 1884, 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. IO9 

Chancellor follows service as Supreme Chancellor, as a matter 
of course and of right. 

In addition to these Ranks, the Supreme Lodge has organ- 
ized and adopted, first, the Endowment Rank, then the Uni- 
form Rank; but at all times it has taken pains to declare, in 
plain and unmistakable terms, that the taking of these Ranks 
confers no higher grade pr degree in the Order; that, in fact, 
they are only incidental and subsidiary — mere vehicles and in- 
strumentalities, devised by the wisdom and forethought of the 
Supreme Lodge for the better carrying out of the aims and pur- 
poses of the Order. 

From the very organization of the Supreme Lodge, earnest 
and persistent efforts have been made to induce it to authorize 
and provide for other and higher ranks, and also for a Ladies 1 
Degree, to be conferred on the wives and daughters of Knights. 
While these movements have, undoubtedly, appealed strongly 
to the pride and affections and chivalry of that august body, 
it has, up to this time, resolutely denied the numerous petitions 
presented to it in that behalf. 

HONORS. 

For a long time, in the early history of the Order, its honors 
were very cheaply held, if we are to judge by the wholesale and 
often indiscriminate manner in which the Grand Lodges and 
the Supreme Lodge created Past Chancellors, and Past Grand 
and Past Supreme Chancellors. Finally, and fortunately, men 
who had ~7von their honors, by actual service, rebelled against 
this practice, and said it must stop, at least so far as the Su- 
preme Lodge was concerned, and the more effectually to pre- 
vent it, procured an amendment to the Constitution of the Su- 
preme Lodge declaring that, except in certain cases, therein 
particularly specified, "the Rank or grade of Past Grand Chan- 
cellor shall not be conferred upon a Past Chancellor who has 
not served as Grand Chancellor." Since the adoption of this 
Constitutional provision, the Supreme Lodge has held that a 
Grand Chancellor must serve out his term to entitle him to the 
honors of the office and the Rank of Past Grand Chancellor, 
xo 



I IO THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Holding, also, that when a Grand Vice Chancellor is elected to 
and fills out an unexpired term as Grand Chancellor, he too is 
entitled to the honors of the office and the Rank of Past Grand 
Chancellor. At the very same time the Supreme Lodge decided 
that when a Grand Vice Chancellor, from any cause, is called 
upon to discharge the duties and functions of Grand Chancellor, 
and though he may do so for the balance of the unexpired term, 
he is not entitled to such honors and Rank. 

The glaring injustice, not to say inconsistency, of this ruling, 
ought to be remedied at the earliest practicable period, so that 
the brother who, under the law, assumes the functions and dis- 
charges the duties of the office of Grand Chancellor, to the end 
of the current term, shall have the honors and Rank. 

In the matter of conferring the Rank of Past Chancellor, in 
most of the jurisdictions, the Grand Lodges have followed the 
example of the Supreme Lodge, and have erected constitutional 
barriers against conferring such Rank, except when it has been 
earned by actual service as Chancellor Commander. 

GOVERNMENT. 

Under the system of government adopted for the Order, the 
Supreme Lodge is the source of all power and authority — in a 
word, is supreme. 

The Constitution of the Supreme Lodge, in all of its details 
and provisions, prescribing the powers and duties of its officers 
and committees — the powers and privileges granted to and the 
limitations imposed upon Grand and Subordinate Lodges — 
the manner of their organization, the qualifications for member- 
ship — how it may be acquired and how lost, are so full and clear 
and explicit, that a reference to that instrument, so far as all those 
matters are concerned, is all that is deemed necessary. 

It is proper to say, however, in this connection, that in con- 
struing these grants of power in the Supreme Lodge Constitu- 
tion to Grand and Subordinate Lodges, the Supreme Lodge has 
been exceedingly liberal, and from time to time has declared the 
following matters to be proper subjects for local legislation, viz. : 

Fixing the status of the sitting Past Chancellor \ the organiza- 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK, III 

tion of Grand Lodges, subject to the restriction of the Constitu- 
tion of the Supreme Lodge; granting to Lodges the right to 
hold semi-monthly meetings ; fixing rules for the reinstatement of 
suspended members ; regulating the rights and duties of mem- 
bers as between themselves ; saying what number of failures to hold 
regular meetings by a Subordinate Lodge shall forfeit its Charter; 
fixing the fees for the Ranks, subject, of course, to the restric- 
tion of Clause 8, Section 2, Article VIII. , of the Constitution 
of the Supreme Lodge ; prescribing the delinquencies that will 
deprive members of their right to the semi-annual pass-word ; 
refusing admission to a candidate after he is elected ; the 
acceptance after "six months ' ' of the rejected material of another 
Lodge; the granting or withholding of benefits to the relations 
of suicides ; the organizing of Relief Bureaus; the regulation 
of dues and benefits, subject to the restrictions imposed by the su- 
preme law ; of saying to whom and upon what terms, surren- 
dered charters may be restored; the appointment of Lecturers; 
the conferring of the Rank of Past Chancellor for meritorious 
services ; calling the ayes and noes ; levying a tax by Subordi- 
nates to pay expenses ; saying what officers of a Grand Lodge 
shall sign the Charters granted to Subordinates ; establishing 
schools for the sons of deceased Knights; disposition of Lodge 
funds ; fixing the status of a Grand Lodge officer while his mem- 
bership is passing from one Subordinate Lodge to another; 
saying when membership begins ; determining what names shall 
go upon obituary tablet ; regulating the matter of attendance 
at funerals; the charging or not charging of a per capita tax 
upon Pages and Esquires, or of requiring Subordinates to pay 
same on suspended members ; of determining the terms upon 
which Grand Lodges will furnish sicpplies to their Subordinates; 
of saying what names shall appear in the Charter of a Grand 
Lodge at its organization, and provided it is not in conflict 
with the ritualistic work, or the Constitution of the Supreme 
Lodge may legislate upon the duties and terms of office of their 
officers. 

Until a Grand Lodge is organized, Subordinates are under the 
immediate control of the Supreme Lodge, and in such case the 



112 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

following instructions for their organization have been prescribed 
by the Supreme Lodge. (See Journal, 1877, pp. 14, 54, 55.) 

General Instructions for Organization of New- 
Lodges of the Order of the Knights of Pythias. 

Subordinate Lodges come into existence by virtue of dispen- 
sations issued by the Supreme Chancellor, where no Grand Lodge 
exists, to establish a new Lodge. 

Said application must be accompanied by a fee of not less than 
fifteen dollars, and if coming from Knights, must be further 
accompanied by their cards of withdrawal from the Lodge or 
Lodges of which they were last members. 

In places where no Lodges of the Order exist, the applicants 
need not be Knights. 

In that case, they must be white male citizens of good moral 
character, sound in mind and body, and of the legal age pre- 
scribed by the laws of their place of residence. 

FORM OF PETITION. 

To the Supreme Chancellor of the Supreme lodge Knights of Pythias of the 
World: 

The undersigned, residing in , and not within the Jurisdiction of any 

Grand Lodge of the Order, respectfully petition that a Dispensation may be 
granted them to establish a Lodge of the Order of the Knights of Pythias, to 

be located in County of and to be known as 

Lodge, No , of the Knights of Pythias, and under your immediate Juris- 
diction. 

(Signed) 



(Fee #15.00 herewith.) 

In all cases the necessary expenses of the instituting and 
installing officers must be paid by the applicants in addition to 
fees otherwise prescribed. 

General Instructions to Instituting Officer. 

The instituting officer, on reaching the place for instituting 
the new Lodge, will, as soon as possible, proceed to the discharge 
of his duties as follows ; 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. II3 

i st. He will examine the room proposed to be used very care- 
fully, and assure himself that it is secure in every way. 

2d. Having called together the applicants, he will, after show- 
ing his commission and the dispensation, use all possible means 
to satisfy himself of the identity of those present with the signers 
of the petition. 

3d. He will proceed to collect from each candidate the neces- 
sary fees for all of the Ranks. 

4th. He will then carefully exclude from the Lodge-room all 
not members of the Order, and will make all due preparations 
for conferring the Ranks. 

5th. He will then confer the Ranks of the Order on the ap- 
plicants as required by the Ritual. 

6th. He will then order an election of officers for the Lodge ; 
said election to be by ballot, and under his supervision. 

7th. He will duly install the officers elect. 

8th. He will declare the Lodge duly instituted as Lodge, 

No , of County, of , and 

9th. He will then, as soon as possible, make out his report, 
embodying a statement of the discharge of his duties as herein 
designated, and promptly forward same to the Supreme Chan- 
cellor. 

This latter duty must be performed as soon as the duties 
enumerated herein shall have been discharged \ there must be 
no delay ; all money collected, except so much as required for 
expenses, must be remitted with the report. 

BENEFITS. 

The Order being beneficial in its character, it is made the 
duty of every Subordinate Lodge to provide for the payment of 
certain weekly benefits to a member in case of his sickness or 
disability, and a. funeral benefit to his family or relations in case 
of death. This duty upon the part of the Lodge is obligatory, 
and the Supreme Lodge has fixed the minimum amount to be 
paid in either case, viz., a weekly benefit of one dollar, and a 
funeral benefit of twenty dollars. 

Subordinate Lodges may, and the most of them do, provide 
10* H 



114 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

for the payment of a larger amount as benefits than the minimum 
so fixed by the supreme law ; and to the extent of the benefit 
in excess of such minimum, it has been held by the Supreme 
Lodge that, with the consent of their Grand Lodges, Subordi- 
nates may prescribe a probationary period of membership before 
the payment of such excess shall begin or be obligatory. 

Whatever benefits are provided must be paid by each Lodge 
out of its own funds; it cannot be done by a combination or 
association of Lodges. To provide the means to enable them to 
do this, each Lodge must charge and collect from its members 
what is denominated in the language of the Order as dues. 



DUES. 

The subject of dues, and the questions growing out of it, has 
been fruitful of much trouble and vexation and discord in Sub- 
ordinate Lodges, and produced no little confusion and uncer- 
tainty, for a time, at least, in the legislation of the Supreme Lodge. 
But at last the following principles and rules may be regarded as 
settled : 

ist. That the payment of the dues imposed by the By-Laws 
of a Subordinate Lodge is obligatory upon its members. 

2d. That a failure to pay such dues for the period prescribed 
by the local law (when not in conflict with the supreme law), for- 
feits the right of a member so failing to pay to all benefits. 

3d. That if a member becomes "one year in arrears "—that 
is to say, is " owing twelve months dues," — it is the duty of the 
Lodge of which he is a member to notify him that he is so in 
arrears, and have his suspension declared by the Chancellor 
Commander in open Lodge, and a record thereof entered upon 
the minutes of the Lodge. 

4th. That such declaration of suspension must be actually 
made, as without it there is no suspension. 

5th. That until suspended for such non-payment of dues, a 
member has the right to tender the amount due ; and the Lodge 
is bound to receive it. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 115 

6th. Although the By-Laws of a Lodge may require dues to 
be paid in advance, a member failing or refusing to comply with 
such requirement cannot, for that reason, be declared " in 
arrears," or deprived of benefits, or denied the Semi-Annual 
Pass- Word. 

7th. That funeral dues and assessments may be added to the 
regular Lodge dues, for the purpose of working a forfeiture of 
both benefits and membership ; and Grand Lodges may allow 
their Subordinates to refuse to pay weekly benefits (except, of 
course, the minimum of one dollar) to any member who is " in 
arrears " for fines or assessments of any character. 

8th. That the funeral benefit allowed by the By-Laws of a 
Lodge to the family of a deceased brother is a personal claim 
or benefit accruing to the family, immediately upon the death 
of the brother, and the fact that all the funeral expenses may 
have been paid by a third party does not relieve the Lodge of 
its liability, or affect the right of the deceased brother's family 
to demand and receive such benefit. 



S. A. P. W. 

For the purpose of facilitating fraternal intercourse, as well 
as to protect the Order from imposition and fraud, the Supreme 
law authorizes the Supreme Chancellor to promulgate semi- 
annually a pass-word, which must be uniform throughout the 
Supreme jurisdiction. This pass-word the Supreme Chancellor 
may change and rescind whenever in his opinion the interests 
and safety of the Order require it. This pass-word is known 
as the " Semi Annual Pass- Word." 

The rights and privileges the possession of this word confers, 
and how the right to it may be forfeited, have been the subject 
of much discussion, and a reference to some of the more im- 
portant rulings of the Supreme Lodge in regard to it may be 
both interesting and profitable. 

In 1875, tne Supreme Lodge said that the possession of the 
Semi-Annual Pass-Word would, " in connection with the usual evi- 



1 1 6 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

dences of good standing" entitle the one so possessing it to be 
admitted to any Subordinate Lodge of the Order. 

Immediately upon this decision the question arose as to what 
the Supreme Lodge meant by " the usual evidences of good 
standing.'' The first authoritative answer to this inquiry was 
made by Supreme Chancellor Davis in 1876, who held that it 
meant " the official receipt for dues ," which, he said, "was not 
only the usual, but that it was conclusive, evidence of good 
standing." In which position he was fully sustained by the 
Supreme Lodge. At the same time, and rather inconsistently, 
as it would seem, with the decision just quoted, Supreme Chan- 
cellor Davis went on to say, "that while a Chancellor Com- 
mander might, when an order was presented to him for the 
Semi -Annual Pass-Word, demand the production of such official 
receipt for dues ; that it could not be demanded of a, visiting 
brother who was in possession of the Semi-Annual Pass- Word ; " 
thus nullifying, in fact, the effect of his decision first quoted. 

This, however, continued to be the rule until 1882, when it 
was changed by Supreme Chancellor Lindsay, who decided in 
substance " that in the case of a visiting brother, the Chancellor 
Commander of a Lodge, if he had any doubt as to the propriety 
of admitting the brother, has the right to demand the- produc- 
tion of an official receipt or Travelling Shield.' ' This is a very 
safe rule and wise precaution, and should be the practice in all 
cases where the visitor is unknown. 

This Pass- Word can only be given, or taken, or used in con- 
nection with and for the purpose of determining a member's 
right to sitin a Lodge when open in the Knight's Rank; and 
one who is not in possession of it, or who is not entitled to it, 
under the local law of his jurisdiction, or who, being so en- 
titled, refuses to receive it, cannot remain in the Lodge-room, 
but must retire. 

In this connection it is well, perhaps, to call attention to 
what is regarded by many as a very unwise and unsafe practice 
growing out of the ruling of the Supreme Lodge, that the holder 
of a Withdrawal Card is entitled to the Semi-Annual Pass- Word 
for the term in which his card is issued, and, in the language of 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 1 17 

the Supreme Lodge, " inferentially the right to visit Lodges 
during such term." 

It is to be hoped that at its next session the Supreme Lodge 
will change this ruling, and declare that taking a Withdrawal 
Card severs connection with the Order for the time being, and 
operates as a surrender of all the rights and privileges of mem- 
bership. 

These were evidently the views of Supreme Chancellor Wood- 
ruff upon this question, who, in 1880, based his endorsement of 
the ruling just cited entirely upon the supposition that the holder 
of the Withdrawal Card would, "of course," have the Semi- 
Annual Pass- Word for the term in which his card issued, but 
went on to declare, in very emphatic language, that the holder 
of such card would have no right to the new Semi-Annuai 
Pass -Word when one should be promulgated. Supreme Chan- 
cellor Woodruff would, no doubt, have decided further, had it 
been necessary or proper in the case before him, that if the appli- 
cant for a Withdrawal Card was not in possession of the Semi- 
Annual Pass-Word at the time that he applied for a Withdrawal 
Card, if the card was granted, he would not be entitled to have 
it communicated to him. 

OFFICIAL RECEIPT. 

The Official Receipt heretofore referred to in this article is 
declared by the Supreme Lodge to be the only authoritative 
evidence of the payment of dues, assessments, and other claims 
of the Subordinate Lodge, as well as of membership and good 
standing in the Order. 

To this rule, so far as it relates to the mere fact of payment, 
there is this exception, that as between the holder and the Lodge 
giving the Official Receipt it is not conclusive as against the Lodge. 

TRAVELLING SHIELD. 

A Travelling Shield was adopted by the Supreme Lodge in 
1874. It is a document issued by Subordinate Lodges to their 
members of the Knight's Rank, when applied for, and is evi- 



1 1 8 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

dence of the holder's good standing in his Lodge, and a letter 
of credit as well. 

The applicant for a Travelling Shield must pay his dues, in 
advance, for the entire period to be covered by the Shield, 
before it will be issued to him. 

In no case can a Travelling Shield be issued to the holder of 
a Withdrawal Card. 

As before stated, the Travelling Shield is a letter of credit, 
and the Supreme Lodge decided, at the St. Louis session, in 
1880, that when a Subordinate Lodge pays money to a member 
of another Lodge under a Relief or Travelling Shield, the 
Lodge of which the brother so relieved is a member is responsi- 
ble therefor, and should promptly discharge the liability ; but, 
if money is paid upon the individual request of a member of 
another Lodge, that such other Lodge is not responsible. 

For a time there was issued in connection with the Travelling 
Shield what was called the Annual Shield Word, but it did not 
seem to work satisfactorily, and in 1882, at the Detroit session 
of the Supreme Lodge, was abolished. 

TRIALS. 

Nothing is better settled than the right of every brother, 
against whom charges are preferred, to have a fair and impartial 
trial, and all summary proceedings affecting a member's rights 
and privileges are looked upon by the Supreme Lodge with dis- 
favor. And especially is this so since the organization of the 
Endowment Rank, and so much more depends upon a brother's 
standing in his Lodge than formerly. 

The form of procedure in Subordinate Lodges in the trial of 
charges against a member is very generally prescribed in their 
Constitutions. 

In many of the Grand Lodge Constitutions there is no form 
of procedure prescribed for use in that body. When that is the 
case, the Supreme Lodge has provided a form of procedure, 
where charges are preferred against a Grand Lodge officer or 
officers elect. (See Revised Digest, page 39, Section 298.) 



COMPLETE MA Ml/A L AND TEXT-BOOK. IIQ <% 

UNIFORM— REGALIA. 

It has never been compulsory to uniform, and since the organ- 
ization of the Uniform Rank the old Knight's uniform has 
been almost entirely cast aside. 

So in the matter of regalia, since the amendments to the Con- 
stitution of the Supreme Lodge providing that "any Past Supreme 
officer, Supreme officer, Supreme Representative, Past Supreme 
Representative, Past Grand officer, Grand officer, Past Chancellor, 
and Subordinate Lodge officer and Knights wearing the jewel of 
his Rank on the left lapel of the coat in a Lodge, shall be con- 
sidered in full regalia," the jewel is supplanting everything else, 
and rapidly coming into general use. 

The want of some appropriate distinctive regalia for Knights, 
to be worn on public occasions, is very generally felt and 
recognized, and it is to be hoped that the Supreme Lodge will 
take the matter under consideration as early as possible. As 
it is now, it is almost impossible to induce members of the 
Subordinate Lodges to turn out in public, and loss of zeal and 
interest, and a falling off in membership, is the consequence in 
many localities. 

NEW RITUAL. 

At the session of 1882, the Ritual was placed in the hands of 
an able and accomplished special committee of the Supreme 
Lodge for revision. That committee performed the difficult 
task assigned to it in a very satisfactory manner, and the Order 
can congratulate itself upon now having a Ritual of which it 
need not be ashamed. For a time after it was promulgated, 
many of the older members of the Order, wedded to old forms 
and tenacious of old memories and traditions, were not favor- 
ably impressed with the new work, but this feeling is rapidly 
passing away, and the more the new work is tested and studied, 
the more its merits are being recognized and acknowledged. 



FORM OF INSTALLATION FOR SUBORDINATE 
LODGES, 

Adopted by the Supreme Lodge, Knights of Pythias, at its Ninth Annual Ses- 
sion held at Cleveland, Ohio, August /y, i8j?. 



GENERAL DIRECTIONS. 

THE Installing Officer shall be the Grand Chancellor, or a 
Deputy appointed by him. If the Grand Chancellor officiates, 
the installation shall be declared to be in " Knightly and Chival- 
ric Form ; " if a Deputy officiates, it shall be declared to be in 
"Knightly Form." 

A Deputy shall be addressed as Grand Chancellor, and entitled 
to the same honors, while officiating as such. 

Any Supreme or Grand Officers, other than members of the 
Installing Officer's staff, who may be present, shall be seated at 
the head of the Lodge-room ; and members of the staff when 
relieved from their stations, shall be escorted by the Grand 
Master-at-Arms to that position. 

When the retiring officers of the Lodge vacate their stations, 
the Installing Officer — if unaccompanied by a Grand Inner and 
Outer Guard — shall appoint two members of the Lodge to fill 
those positions until the new officers of the Lodge are installed. 

In Public Installations a military salute shall be given previous 
to addressing a Grand Officer. If not uniformed, a military 
salute with the hand. 

When addressing the Installing Officer, and when addressed 
by him, the Grand Master-at-Arms shall salute that officer with 
his sword ; and during the administering of the obligations, he 
shall stand on the right of the obligor, with drawn sword. 

1 20 



s 3 

THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS, ETC. 121 

Seats shall be placed right and left in front of the Installing 
Officer, for the Brethren who are to be installed. 

At Public Installations, the use of the signs and pass-words 
shall be dispensed with. The doors shall be thrown open, and 
the Inner Guard shall be stationed at the inner door, with drawn 
sword, where he will challenge and announce the Grand Master- 
at-Arms, using the same language as in Private Installations. 
The Grand Chancellor, or Installing Officer, will be saluted in 
public with a military salute, given with the right hand, and will 
answer in the same manner. At Private Installations no one 
shall be permitted to enter or leave the Lodge-room until the 
officers are installed, and the final proclamation made. 

INSTALLATION. 

[The Installing Officers enter the ante-room in the regular way and clothe 
themselves in the proper regalia, uniform, or insignia of their rank. The G. 
M. at A. works his way into the Lodge-room in the ordinary manner, and 
advancing to the altar will salute the C. C. in the usual manner ; or, if in 
public, with a military salute. In case the Installing Officer is specially ap- 
pointed, the G. M. at A. will read the commission. He will then say :] 

G. M. at A. Chancellor Commander, as Grand Master-at- 
Arms, I am here to inform you that the Grand Chancellor, with 
other Grand Officers, are in readiness to install the officers elect 
of this Lodge. You will, therefore, hold yourself prepared to 
receive them in proper form. 

C. C. (rising.) Grand Master-at-Arms, I thank you for your 
courteous notification, and will see that the appropriate honors 
are given. 

[The G. M. at A. salutes and retires. The C. C. gives one rap with his 
gavel and says :] 

C. C. Brother Master-at-Arms. 

M. at A. (rising.) Chancellor Commander. 

C. C. You will retire to the ante-room of this Castle Hall, 
and inform the Grand Chancellor that the Lodge awaits his 
pleasure. 

[The M. at A. retires, delivers the message, and returns. The Grand 
II 



122 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Officers being ready to enter, the G. M. at A. will give the usual alarm. The 
I. G. will open the wicket, and say :] 

/. G. Who comes here ? 

G. M. at A. The Grand Chancellor. 

/. G. Vice Chancellor, the Grand Chancellor demands ad- 
mission to this Castle Hall. 

V. C. (rising.) Chancellor Commander, the Grand Chan- 
cellor demands admission. 

C. C. Let him be admitted without further challenge. 

[C. C. calls up the Lodge. The Grand Officers enter in the following order, 
if the Installing Officer is accompanied with a full delegation :] 

G. M. at A. with drawn sword. 

G. C. 

P. G. C. 

G. V. C. and G. P. 

G. M. of E. and G. K. of R. and S. 

G. I. G. and G. O. G. with drawn swords. 

[They advance to the altar, G. C. in the centre, and salute the C. C. The 
G. M. at A. will then say :] 

G. M. at A. Chancellor Commander, I have the pleasure of 
presenting to you Grand Chancellor . 

C. C. Brother Knights, advance the grand honors. 

G. C. Chancellor Commander, I am here for the purpose of 
installing the officers of this Lodge. Have they been legally 
elected ? 

C. C. They have. 

G. C. Have the requirements touching the bonds of officers, 
tribute, and returns, been complied with ? 

C. C. They have. 

[The G. M. at A. will escort the G. C. to the C. C.'s station, and return to 
the altar. The C. C. will deliver to the G. C. his gavel, who will give one 
rap and say :] 

G. C. Recover ! By authority of the Grand Lodge of , 

I now assume control of this Lodge. The Officers of the Lodge 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 11% 

will vacate their respective stations, and deliver to me, through 
the G. M. at A., the insignia of their office. 

[G. C. seats the Lodge, and requests the retiring C. C. to be seated at his 
right, and the Grand Officers to assume their respective positions. The G. 
M. at A. turns the altar towards the Prelate. The retiring C. C. will deliver 
his insignia the last, and will say :] 

C. C. Grand Chancellor, I surrender to you the insignia of 
my office, together with the Charter, books, and other property 
belonging to this Lodge, which were placed in my official keep- 
ing at the beginning of the term. 

G. C. Brother Knight, I congratulate you on the termination 
of your labors, which I trust have been for the benefit of this 
Lodge, and the Order at large, and now invest you with the 
Jewel which indicates your rank as Past Chancellor. It signifies 
that you have been faithful to your trust, and are entitled to wear 
the laurels won by service. The G. M. at A. will escort you to 
your station. 

[The G. C. will then read the list of officers as given in the returns, and 
each officer will answer to his name, and advancing to the front of the G. C. 
remain standing. Having called the roll, the G. C. will say:] 

G. C. Brother Knights, these are they whom we propose to 
install into the various offices of this Lodge, believing them to 
be competent to fill the same. Yet, if there be any objections, 
let them be stated now. 

[If any objection is made, the G. C. will inquire into the merits of the 
case, and may order a new election, over which he shall preside; or postpone 
the installation until the next regular convention of the Lodge.] 

G. C. Officers elect, you will be seated. Grand Master-at- 
Arms, present the Chancellor Commander elect. 

G. M. at A. I present Brother Knight , whom 

the members of this Lodge have elected Chancellor Commander 
for the ensuing term. 

G. C. Brother Knight , before installing you as 

C. C. of this Lodge, it is my duty to state to you that there are 
certain duties connected with the office with which you should at 
this time be made acquainted. 



124 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

It will be your duty to endeavor to promote the harmony, 
secure the permanency, and advance the interests of this Lodge 
and of the Order ; to prevent the admission into this Lodge of 
any person unworthy or incapacitated to become a member ; to 
open this Lodge for the transaction of business only when a 
quorum is present ; to admit no visitor who is unable to prove 
himself entitled to that privilege, according to the established 
formulas; to preserve the ceremonies of the Order from change 
or innovation ; and to exact a rigid conformity to law, as pro- 
mulgated by the Supreme or Grand Lodge. It will be your duty 
to be careful and cautious in your behavior and decisions ; to 
deal courteously with your brethren, and guard faithfully the 
interests of this Lodge; to surrender the Charter and other 
property of this Lodge to your successor in office, the Grand 
Chancellor or his Deputy, or other legal authority when called 

upon to do so. Brother Knight , will you ratify these 

pledges upon your word of honor as a Knight? 

c. a i win. 

G. C. G. M. at A. escort our Brother to the Grand Prelate, 
who will receive his pledge of honor. 

G. M. at A. Grand Prelate, by direction of the Grand 

Chancellor, I present Brother Knight , that you may 

receive his pledge of honor as Chancellor Commander. 

G. P. Brother Knight , place your left hand over 

your heart, and your right hand upon our Book of Law, and 
repeat after me. 

[G. C. calls up the Lodge.] 

I, , before receiving the honors and assuming the 

duties of Chancellor Commander, do most sincerely promise upon 
my Knightly honor, that I will ever guard our Order from dis- 
grace, and shield it from any threatened wrong ; that I will hold 
it as my duty to enforce the law for violation of a pledge once 
given here, it matters not on whom the weight of punishment 
may fall ; that every duty of my office shall be performed to the 
best of my ability ; that I will never recognize any body as a 
ruling power, save it be the Grand or Supreme Lodge, Grand 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 1 25 

or Supreme Chancellor, duly chosen from the Castle Hall of any 
Jurisdiction, and in strict conformity with law. To all of which 
I pledge my Knightly honor. 

[G. C. seats the Lodge.] 

G. P. Grand Master-at-Arms, conduct the Brother to the 
Grand Chancellor. 

G. M. at A. Grand Chancellor, I present Brother Knight 

, who has given his pledge of honor as Chancellor 

Commander. 

G. C. Chancellor Commander, receive from me the Jewel 
of your office. Let the Helmet remind you that as the head of 
this Lodge you should govern with wisdom; the Shield, that 
you should protect our ceremonies from change or innovation ; 
and the Sword and Lance, that you should be ever ready to de- 
fend our Order or a Brother against wrong or injustice. You 
will be seated at our right. 

Brother Grand Master-at-Arms, present the Vice Chancellor 
elect. 

G. Af. at A. Grand Chancellor, I present Brother Knight 
, who has been elected Vice Chancellor of this Lodge. 

G. C. Grand Master-at-Arms, escort the Brother elect to the 
Grand Prelate, who will receive his pledge of honor. 

G. M. at A. Grand Prelate, by direction of the Grand 

Chancellor, I present Brother Knight , that you may 

receive his pledge of honor as Vice Chancellor. 

G. P. Brother Knight , place your left hand over 

your heart, and your right hand upon our Book of Law, and 
repeat after me. 

[G. C. calls up the Lodge.] 

I, , do most sincerely promise, upon my Knightly 

honor, that I will truly and faithfully perform the duties of Vice 
Chancellor of this Lodge for the ensuing term ; that I will assist 
the Chancellor Commander in preserving order, and in his absence 
will preside over the Lodge in a just and impartial manner ; 
that I will consider myself bound by the same promises and 
II* 



126 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

pledges as the Chancellor Commander, and will assist him in 
fulfilling the same ; that I will strive to prevent members of 
this Lodge from violating any of the fundamental principles of 
the Order. To the faithful performance of all of which I pledge 
my Knightly honor.* 

[G. C. seats the Lodge.] 

G. P. Grand Master-at-Arms, escort the Brother to the 
Grand Chancellor. 

G. M. at A. Grand Chancellor, I present Brother Knight 
, who has given his pledge of honor as Vice Chancellor. 

G. C. Vice Chancellor, receive from me the Jewel of your 
office. The Helmet indicates to you that you are to govern 
your triangle with discretion ; the Shield, that you are to protect 
the Lodge from unwarranted intrusion ; and the Lance, that you 
are faithfully to uphold the laws and usages of the Order. 

Grand Master-at-Arms, escort the Vice Chancellor to his sta- 
tion, and present the Prelate elect to the Grand Prelate, who will 
receive from him his pledge of honor. 

[The Grand Master-at-Arms escorts the Vice Chancellor to his station, and 
relieving the Grand Vice Chancellor, escorts him to a seat at the left of the 
Grand Chancellor.] 

G. M. at A. Grand Prelate, I present Brother Knight 

, that you may receive his pledge of honor as Prelate. 

G. P. Brother Knight , place your left hand over 

your heart, and your right hand upon our Book of Law, and re- 
peat after me. 

[G. C. calls up the Lodge.] 

I, , do most sincerely promise, upon my Knightly 

honor, that I will truly and faithfully, to the best of my ability, 
perform the duties of Prelate of this Lodge for the ensuing term; 
that I will fully administer the obligations of the Ranks, neither 
adding thereto nor taking therefrom a word or line that may im- 
pair the meaning of the pledges ; that I will, by example and 
precept, endeavor to preserve the solemnity and increase the. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. \2J 

dignity of our rites and ceremonies. To the faithful perform- 
ance of all of which I pledge my Knightly honor. 

[G. C. seats the Lodge.] 

G. P. Grand Master-at-Arms, escort the Brother to the Grand 
Chancellor. 

G. M. at A. Grand Chancellor, I present Brother Knight 
, who has given his pledge of honor as Prelate. 

G. C. Brother Prelate, receive from me the Jewel of your 
office. It represents our Book of Law, resting upon a circle, the 
emblem of eternity, and teaches us that the principles of our 
Order, drawn from the sacred volume, are imperishable. 

Grand Master-at-Arms, escort the Prelate to a seat at the right 
of the Grand Prelate, and present the Master of Exchequer, 
Master of Finance, and Keeper of Records and Seal to the Grand 
Prelate, that he may receive their pledge of honor. 

G. M. at A. Grand Prelate, I present Brothers , 

, aifd , who have been elected as Master of 

Exchequer, Master of Finance, and Keeper of Records and 
Seal of this Lodge, that you may receive their pledge of honor. 

G. P. Brethren, you will each place your left hand over your 
heart, and your right hand upon our Book of Law, and repeat 
after me. 

[G. C. calls up the Lodge.] 

I, , in the presence of my Brother Knights, whose 

trust has been reposed in me, do most sincerely promise, on my 
Knightly honor, that I will truly and faithfully, to the best of 
my ability, perform the duties of the office to which I have been 
elected ; and will be guided in all my transactions by the prin- 
ciples of equity and justice. To the true and faithful perform- 
ance of all of which I pledge my Knightly honor. 

[G. C. seats the Lodge.] 

G. P. Grand Master-at-Arms, escort the Brethren to the 
Grand Chancellor. 

G< M, at A- Grand Chancellor, I present these Brother 



128 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Knights, who have given their pledge of honor for the faithful 
performance of the duties of their respective offices. 

G. C. Master of Exchequer, receive from me the Jewel of 
your office. The Crossed Keys signify that to your care is con- 
fided the treasury of this Lodge. May your fidelity win for you 
that greatest of all treasures — a good name. 

Grand Master-at-Arms, escort the Brother to his station. 

[The G. M. at A. escorts the M. of E. to his station, and the G. M. of E. 
to a seat at the right of the G. C.] 

G. C. Brother Master of Finance, receive from me the Jewel 
of your office. The Crossed Pen and Key will remind you of 
your duty — to keep accurately the accounts, and guard well the 
funds entrusted to you. May you perform those duties zealously, 
carefully, and acceptably to your Brother Knights. 

Grand Master-at-Arms, escort the Brother to his station. 

[The G. M. at A. escorts the M. of F. to his station, and the G. M. of F. 
to a seat at the right of the G. C.] # 

G. C. Brother Keeper of Records and Seal, receive from me 
the Jewel of your office. The Crossed Pens will remind you of 
your duty to faithfully record the doings of this Lodge. May 
you perform that duty so that you shall merit the approval of 
your Brother Knights. 

Grand Master-at-Arms, escort the Brother to his station. 

[The G. M. at A. escorts the K. of R. and S. to his station, and the G. K. 
of R. and S. to a seat at the right of the G. C.] 

G. C. The Chancellor Commander will appoint the Master- 
at-Arms, Inner Guard and Outer Guard (unless they shall have 
been previously elected), and four Attendants. 

G. C. Brother Master-at-Arms, receive from me the Jewel 
of your office. The Sword will remind you that to you is en- 
trusted the guardianship of the property of this Lodge; the 
Lance, that your deportment will be such as will uphold the 
dignity of our ceremonials ; and the Battle Axe, that you will 
stand ready to aid the Chancellor Commander in enforcing the 
laws of the Order. 



COMPLETA MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 1 29 

[The G. M. at A. escorts the M. at A. to his station.] 

G. C. Brother Inner and Outer Guards, receive from me the 
Jewel of your office. Keep faithful watch as becomes the office 
of a Guard. 

[The G. M. at A. escorts the Inner and Outer Guards to their posts, and 
the Grand Inner and Outer Guards to seats.] 

G. C. Brethren, you are appointed by the Chancellor Com- 
mander as Attendants for the ensuing term It will be your 
duty to assist the M. at A. in the initiation of candidates and 
conferring the several Ranks. You will now be seated. 

[If any remarks are intended by the G. C., this is an appropriate time.] 

G. C. Chancellor Commander, I now deliver into your official 
keeping the Charter of this Lodge, its Book of Law, and Swords 
of Defence, together with the books and other property belong- 
ing to this Lodge. 

Grand Master-at-Arms, officially proclaim the officers of this 
Lodge installed. 

[G. C. calls up the Lodge.] 

[The G. M. at A. will draw his sword and advance to the altar, and arrang- 
ing the altar to face the G. C, will say :] 

G. M. at A. In the name of Friendship, Charity, and Benevo- 
lence, and by direction of the Grand Chancellor of the Grand 

Jurisdiction of , Knights of Pythias, I proclaim the officers 

of Lodge, No. — , legally installed in form. 

G. C. Chancellor Commander, I now present you this Gavel, * 
the emblem of your authority, and bid you assume your station. 

[C. C. seats the Lodge.] 

[The G. C. will now deliver the S. A. P. W. to the C. C.l 

I 



UNIFORM RANK. 



GENERAL LAWS 

OF THE 

UNIFORM RANK, KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



ARTICLE I. 

POWERS OF THE SUPREME LODGE. 

Section i. It possesses the power to establish the Uniform Rank. 

Sec. 2. To provide, print, and furnish all rituals, ceremonies, tactics, cer- 
tificates, blanks of all kinds, official seals, and such supplies as may be neces- 
sary for the proper work of the Uniform Rank. 

Sec. 3. To provide a necessary and fitting password for the said Rank, 
and regulate the manner and mode of its use. 

Sec. 4. To provide a revenue by the sale of supplies, rituals, emblems, 
tactics, and blanks of all kinds, which may be adopted. 

Sec. 5. To grant warrants to the members of the Order of Knights of 
Pythias, duly qualified, upon proper application being made for the Uniform 
Rank, and to enact laws and regulations to govern the same. 

ARTICLE II. 

TITLES, ETC. 

The official rank and title of the officers of the Uniform Rank shall be: 

1. The Supreme Chancellor as Commander-in-Chief. 

2. Major-General, Commanding the Uniform Rank. 

3. Brigadier-General, Commanding a Grand Jurisdiction. 

4. Colonel, Commanding a Regiment. 

5. Lieutenant-Colonel, Second in Command of a Regiment, or Commander 
of a Battalion composed of less than eight Subordinate Divisions. 

6. Major, Third in Rank in a Regiment. 

7. Captain, Sir Knight Commander, Commanding Subordinate Division* 

13° 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 131 

8. First Lieutenant, Sir Knight Lieutenant Commander, Second in Rank 
in Subordinate Division. 

9. Second Lieutenant, Sir Knight Herald, Third in Rank in Subordinate 
Division. 

IO. STAFF OF MAJOR-GENERAL. 

One Adjutant- General, with rank of Brigadier General. 
One Inspector-General, with rank of Brigadier-General. 
One Surgeon-General, with rank of Brigadier-General. 
One Quartermaster- General, with rank of Brigadier-General. 
Four Aides-de-Camp, with rank of Colonel. 

STAFF OF BRIGADIER-GENERAL. 

One Assistant Adjutant- General, with the rank of Colonel. 
One Assistant Inspector-General, with the rank of Colonel. 
One Assistant Surgeon -General, with the rank of Colonel. 
One Assistant Quartermaster General, with the rank of Colonel. 
Three Aides-de-Camp, with the rank of Major. 

All of the above, except officers of Subordinate Divisions, to be commis- 
sioned for four years. 

II. REGIMENTAL STAFF. 

(Colonel, Lieutenant-Colonel, and Major provided for.) 

One Surgeon, with the rank of Major. 

One Adjutant, with the rank of First Lieutenant. 

One Quartermaster, with the rank of First Lieutenant. 

One Chaplain, with the rank of Captain. 

All to be commissioned for four years. 

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. 

Sergeant- Major. 

Quartermaster-Sergeant. 

Commissary-Sergeant. 

Pi'ovided : No Sir Knight shall hold two commissions for different offices 
at the same time, and that any officer already holding and acting under a 
commission, if he receives and accepts a commission to another position, 
the office in which he was acting at the time of the receipt of such com- 
mission, shall become vacant, and shall be filled by election or appointment. 

ARTICLE III. 

WARRANTS, ETC. 

Section i. Divisions of the Uniform Rank exist by virtue of warrants 
issued through the channels hereinafter designated. 



I32 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

No Division shall be instituted until all the applicants are uniformed as 
hereinafter prescribed. The application for a Division shall contain the sig- 
natures of not less than twenty-seven members of the Order, who have attained 
the Knight's Rank and are in good standing in their respective Lodges, and 
shall also contain a certificate that no one of said applicants has been rejected 
by a Division of the Uniform Rank at any time within the preceding six 
months; also the fee of thirty dollars for the warrant and supplies. 

Sec. 2. The warrant of Divisions of the Uniform Rank shall be granted 
by the Supreme Chancellor on the recommendation of the Major-Genera) 
commanding, as hereinafter provided. 

Sec. 3. The power to adopt any additional forms, to change, alter, 01 
amend any of the secret work or laws, is vested in the Supreme Lodge exclu- 
sively. It shall be the duty of the Supreme Chancellor and Major-General to 
preserve uniformity in the workings of the Rank, and require of all Divisions 
a strict conformity therewith. 

Sec. 4. All warrants for the organization of Divisions, and all orders 
pertaining to the government and management of the Uniform Rank, shall 
be forwarded by the Supreme Chancellor to the Major-General, and by him 
promulgated through the Supreme Jurisdiction. 

ARTICLE IV. 

DIVISIONS. 

Section i. Divisions of the Uniform Rank shall consist of not less than 
twenty-seven members uniformed, and shall hold their meetings at least once 
a month. 

Sec. 2. Not less than ten members shall constitute a quorum, for the 
transaction of business, one of whom shall be qualified to preside. 

Sec. 3. Each Division shall have an official seal, of uniform device, which 
shall be affixed to all official documents and papers issued by the Division ; 
which device shall be a circle one and three-fourths inches in diameter, with 
the monogram U. R. of K. P. in the centre, and the name, number, and loca- 
tion of the Division around the border; said seal to be furnished by the 
Supreme Lodge. 

Sec. 4. The officers of a Division of the Uniform Rank shall be as pre- 
scribed in the Ritual and Tactics, and must be members of the Rank in good 
standing to be eligible to office. A term of office shall be one year. 

Sec. 5. The elective officers of a Division shall be: 

A Captain, or Sir Knight Commander. 

First Lieutenant, or Sir Knight Lieutenant-Commander, 

Second Lieutenant, or Sir Knight Herald, 

Treasurer. 

Recorder. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 133 

A Sir Knight Guard and Sentinel shall be appointed by the Captain. 

Sec. 6. The elective officers named in the preceding section shall be 
elected annually by ballot, at the regular meeting preceding the 19th day of 
February, or Pythian Period of each year, and shall be installed on the night 
of election, or within forty days thereafter, and the officers then chosen shall 
serve until their successors are elected and installed. 

Sec. 7. Any member in good standing shall be eligible to any office in 
his Division, and all officers are eligible to re-election. The mode of elec- 
tion of officers shall be by ballot, and a majority of all the votes cast shall be 
necessary to a choice. In case of no election on the first ballot, the balloting 
shall continue until a majority for one of the candidates is obtained, dropping 
the candidate having the lowest number of ballots at each successive ballot 
after the second ballot has been taken. 

Sec. 8. The Division at its annual election shall elect by ballot an install- 
ing officer to install the officers elect. The Sir Knight so elected will perform 
that duty in accordance with the work prescribed in the Ritual. He shall see 
that the bond of the Treasurer has been filed with, and approved by, the 
Division ; that the annual report to the Supreme Lodge has been made 
out by the Recorder, and the order drawn for the Division dues to the 
Supreme Lodge. Said report shall be indorsed by the installing officer, and 
one copy thereof shall be forwarded by the installing officer, through the regi- 
mental and brigade headquarters, to the Supreme Chancellor, one copy, through 
the regular channels, with the annual dues, to the Supreme Keeper of Records 
and Seal, and one copy to the Major General, one copy to be retained by the 
Division. 

Sec. 9. Vacancies in any elective office may be filled by nomination, elec- 
tion, and installation at any stated meeting of the Division, and the Presiding 
Officer of the Division on that evening shall act as the installing officer. 

The annual dues to the Supreme Lodge shall be five dollars. 

ARTICLE V. 

PENALTIES. 

Section I. Any Division of the Uniform Rank which shall cause to be 
printed, or have made any of the supplies or emblems furnished by the 
Supreme Lodge, shall, upon satisfactory proof, be suspended, and shall forfeit 
its warrrant. 

Sec. 2. Any member of a Division of the Uniform Rank who shall be 
guilty of a violation of the foregoing section, shall be suspended from the 
Rank, and forfeit all benefits and privileges therein. 

Sec. 3. Any member of a Division who has sold or shall sell his uniform 
of the Rank, and not procure another within thirty days thereafter, shall be 
suspended^ and forfeit all benefits and privileges therein. 
$2 



134 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



ARTICLE VI. 

REGIMENTAL DIVISIONS. 

Section I. Whenever five Divisions of the Uniform Rank shall have 
been organized in any Grand Jurisdiction of the Knights of Pythias, said 
Divisions shall be organized into a Regimental Division. 

Sec. 2. The officers of a Regimental Division shall be as follows : 1st. For 
a Regimental Division composed of less than eight separate Divisions, there 
shall be a Commander, who shall rank as a Lieutenant Colonel ; one Assistant 
Commander, who shall rank as a Major; an Adjutant, with rank as First 
Lieutenant; a Surgeon, with rank as Major; a Chaplain, with rank as Cap- 
tain, and a Quartermaster, with rank as First Lieutenant: Provided, That as 
soon as the requisite number of subordinate Divisions are organized in the 
Grand Jurisdiction, then the complete Regimental Division shall be organized 
as provided in paragraph 2 of this section. 

2d. For a Regimental Division consisting of eight and not more than ten 
separate Divisions, the officers shall be a Commander with rank as Colonel ; 
a First Assistant Commander with rank as Lieutenant-Colonel ; a Second 
Assistant with rank as Major; an Adjutant, a Surgeon, a Chaplain, and 
Quartermaster, the rank of the four officers last named as define l in para- 
graph I of this section. 

Sec. 3. Ten Divisions shall constitute and be known as a Regimental 
Division, and each Division shall take its place in Regiment according to 
seniority in organization : Provided, That when a sufficient number of subor- 
dinate Divisions have been organized to form the second or more Regiments 
within any Grand Jurisdiction, then, if desired, Regiments may be formed of 
those Divisions contiguous to one another, but in Regiments thus formed the 
Divisions composing them shall be assigned according to date of organization. 

Sec. 4. As soon as one Regimental Division shall have been organized in 
any Grand Jurisdiction, then the second Regimental Division shall be organ- 
ized, to consist of not less than five nor more than ten Divisions, each Regi- 
mental Division to be numbered as First, Second, or Third Regiment, accord- 
ing to date of organization. The order of position in line of march shall be 
according to date of organization of Regiment. Officers of Regimental Divi- 
sions and Subordinate Divisions shall take rank and precedence according to 
date at which their separate commands were organized. 

Sec. 5. The officers of each Regimental Division, except the Adjutant and 
Quartermaster, shall be elected by the Sir Knight Commanders, Sir Knight 
Lieutenant-Commanders, and Sir Knight Heralds of the several Divisions 
composing said Regimental Division, and the result of said election shall be 
reported through the proper channels to the Supreme Chancellor, who shall 
cause commissions to be issued to each officer. The term of office shall be 
for four years from date of election. The form of commission shall be pre- 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXTBOOK. 1 35 

pared by the Supreme Chancellor, the Major-General and Supreme Keeper 
of Records and Seal, and shall bear the official signatures of these officers, 
and seal of the Supreme Lodge. Each officer so commissioned shall pay to 
the Supreme Keeper of Records and Seal the sum of one dollar for the 
benefit of the Supreme Lodge. 

Sec. 6. The Supreme Chancellor shall, when the requisite number of 
Divisions for a Regimental Division are organized in any Grand Jurisdiction, 
and he has been notified by the officers of such Divisions that they desire to 
form a Regiment, if he approve the request he shall then forward it to the 
Major-General, and he shall call together the officers of Divisions named in 
Section 5, for the purpose of electing the officers and organization of the 
Regimental Division, and shall designate the officer to preside and conduct 
said election and organization, and such officer shall within ten days there- 
after make a complete report of the proceedings of such organization to the 
Major-General, and that officer shall, if the report shows that such Regiment 
has been properly organized, approve the report and forward the same to the 
Supreme Chancellor for his orders therein. 

Sec. 7. No officer or member of a Regimental Division, or of a subordinate 
Division, shall be entitled to attend the deliberations of said Regimental 
Division, except attired in the full dress of his rank. 

Sec. 8. No member shall be eligible to any office in the Regimental 
Division unless he shall be at the time a member of some subordinate 
Division working under the same Regimental Division. 

Sec. 9. Each Regimental Division, at its annual meeting, shall review and 
consider all the official reports of its officers and the proceedings of its subordi- 
nates for the preceding year. It shall elect by ballot its several officers, under 
the laws of the Supreme Lodge, for the terms therein specified, and fill all 
vacancies which may have occurred by death or resignation. 

It shall have power to adopt such rules and edicts; subordinate to the Con- 
stitution and the laws of the Supreme Lodge of the World, as may be neces- 
sary for the good of the Order, subject to the approval of the Supreme Chan- 
cellor and Major-General. It shall examine and audit the accounts of the 
Quartermaster and Adjutant. It shall supervise the state and condition of 
the finances, and adopt such measures in relation thereto as may be necessary 
to increase, secure, and preserve the same, and also to secure the utmost 
punctuality on the part of every accounting officer in the safe keeping and 
paying over the funds and property of the Regimental Division. It may 
assign the limits of subordinate Divisions within its own jurisdiction, and 
settle all controversies that may arise between them, and finally, do all mat- 
ters and things appertaining to the good, well-being, and perpetuation of 
the Uniform Rank, but always subordinate to the Supreme Lodge of the 
World. 

Sec. 10. At every meeting, all questions shall be determined by a majority 



I36 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

vote, the presiding officer, for the time, being entitled to one vote. In case 
the votes are equally divided, he shall also give the casting vote. 

Sec. ii. The Adjutant and Quartermaster shall be selected by the com- 
manding officer of the Regiment, and on his recommendation shall be com- 
missioned as in the case of other officers, and shall hold their office for the 
period of four years. „ 

Sec. 12. The Sergeant- Major and Quartermaster-Sergeant shall be ap- 
pointed by the commanding officer of the Regiment, and may be removed 
by him at any time for cause. 

Sec. 13. The Regimental Division officers, and the officers commissioned 
as Brigadier-Generals who now hold commissions, rank, and powers, shall 
hold the same and discharge the duties thereof during the time for which 
they were commissioned by the Supreme Chancellor. 

ARTICLE VII. 

BRIGADES. 

Section i. Whenever two or more Regimental organizations shall have 
been completed in any Grand Jurisdiction of the Knights of Pythias, said 
Regiments shall be organized into a Brigade formation. 

Sec. 2. The commanding officers of the Brigade shall be elected by the 
commissioned officers of the regiments which are to compose the Brigade, and 
the result of said election shall be reported to the Major-General, and by him 
to the Supreme Chancellor, whereupon the Supreme Chancellor shall cause a 
commission to be issued to the officer so elected as Brigade Commander, 
with the rank of Brigadier- General. His term of office shall be for four 
years from date of election. * 

Sec. 3. The Supreme Chancellor shall, when the requisite number of Regi- 
ments to organize a Brigade are reported to him as having been organized 
in any Grand Jurisdiction, if he approve the request, indorse his approval 
thereon and forward the application to the Major-General, and he shall 
call together the commissioned officers of such Regiments for the purpose of 
electing the Commanding Officer of the Brigade, and shall designate the officer 
to preside at and conduct said election and organization, and such officer 
shall, within ten days after said election, make a complete report of the pro- 
ceedings of such election to the Major-General, who shall, if the organization 
be in conformity to law, forward it to the Supreme Chancellor, as required in 
the preceding section, for his action as therein prescribed. 

Sec. 4. Such Brigade Commander shall, upon the receipt of his commis- 
sion, select and recommend for commission the following officers, which shall 
compose his staff, to wit : 

One Assistant Adjutant-General with rank of Colonel. 

One Assistant Inspector-General with rank of Colonel. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 1 37 

One Assistant Surgeon-General with rank of Colonel. 

One Assistant Quartermaster-General with rank of Colonel. 

Three Aides-de-Camp with rank of Major. 

Such recommendations to be forwarded to the Supreme Chancellor through 
the Major-General. Upon receipt of such recommendation, the Supreme 
Chancellor shall cause commissions to be issued to each of the persons so 
designated, said commission to be for the period of four years. 

Sec. 5. The Brigade Commander shall have command of, and a watchful 
supervision over, all Regimental and Subordinate Divisions within his Grand 
Jurisdiction, and see that all the constitutional enactments, rules, laws, and 
commands of the Supreme Lodge, the Supreme Chancellor, the Major- 
General commanding the Uniform Rank Knights of Pythias of the World, 
relating to the Uniform Rank, are duly and promptly observed. He may 
call special meetings either of the officers or of the Divisions within his 
Grand Jurisdiction at his own discretion. He may visit and preside at any 
Subordinate Division or Regimental Division within his Grand Jurisdiction, 
and give such instructions and directions as the good of the Order may 
require, being at all times governed by the laws of the Supreme Lodge, and 
the commands of the Supreme Chancellor and Major-General commanding 
the Uniform Rank Knights of Pythias of the World. 

He shall, when present, take charge of and command at all meetings, 
parades, or other assemblies of the Regimental Divisions within his jurisdic- 
tion, and shall issue such orders as he may deem fit and proper for advancing 
the interests of the Uniform Rank within his jurisdiction, not inconsistent with 
the provisions herein contained, and such orders shall be binding upon all of 
the Brigade. 

Sec. 6. The officers of each Brigade, or each Regimental Division where 
a Brigade organization has not been completed, shall meet each year, at a 
time and place to be selected by the officers of such Brigade or Regimental 
Division, for the transaction of such business as may pertain to the welfare 
and prosperity of such Brigade or Regimental Division, and shall forward a 
report of their proceedings to the Supreme Chancellor and the Major-General 
commanding the Uniform Rank Knights of Pythias of the World, and all 
proceedings had by such Brigade or Regimental Division and approved as 
not in conflict with the laws of the Supreme Lodge, shall govern and control 
said Brigade or Regimental Division. 

Each Brigade, or Regimental Division, in such jurisdictions as have not 
yet organized in Brigade formation, shall adopt a constitution for its own 
government and the government of each subordinate branch thereof, which 
constitution shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Supreme Lodge 
and the laws enacted by the Supreme Lodge for the government of the Uni- 
form Rank ; and such constitution shall be in full force and effect from and after 
its approval by the Major-General and the Supreme Chancellor of the World, 



138 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

During the recess, or in the interim between the annual meetings of the 
Brigade, the Brigade Commander may, for cause, suspend from the functions 
of his office any officers of the Brigade, Regimental, or Subordinate Divisions ; 
but in no case shall such suspension affect the standing in the Order of such 
officer or his membership within his Division ; and he shall report his action 
in full therein to the next annual meeting, for its final action. 

Sec. 7. In case of the death or resignation of any Brigade Commander, 
it shall be the duty of the Assistant Adjutant-General of such Brigade to at 
once notify the Major-General commanding the Uniform Rank of such death 
or resignation, and thereupon the Major-General shall appoint an officer, or a 
member of the Uniform Rank residing in said jurisdiction, to fill the vacancy, 
who shall hold his office until the next annual meeting of the Brigade, when 
an election shall be held for Brigade Commander. 

Sec. 8. In the event of the absence at the annual meeting of a Regimental 
Division of all the three principal officers of such Regimental Division, said 
Division shall proceed to elect an officer pro tem., to preside over the delib- 
erations of the body. 

Sec. 9. The Assistant Adjutant-General shall keep correct records of the 
proceedings of the annual meetings of the Brigade ; he shall conduct the cor- 
respondence, and issue all orders under direction of the Brigade Commander; 
draw all requisitions on the Assistant Quartermaster-General, make out all 
returns and reports to the Major-General, or the Supreme Chancellor, and 
transmit the same through the Brigade Commander to the Adjutant-General ; 
he shall keep an order-book, and files of all orders, reports, and correspond- 
ence, and perform such other duties, and keep such other records in connec- 
tion with his office, as may be required of him by the Brigade Commander 
or the Supreme Lodge. 

Sec. 10. The Assistant Quartermaster-General shall hold the funds, 
securities, vouchers, and property of the Brigade, and fill all requisitions 
drawn by the Assistant Adjutant-General and approved by the Brigade 
Commander. 

Sec. 11. Assistant Inspectors-General shall make inspections of the Sub- 
ordinate Divisions within their respective Brigades whenever required, and 
shall report the result of the same immediately to the Inspector-General, and 
shall perform such other duties as may be required of them by the Inspector- 
General, the Brigade Commander, or the Major-General. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

MAJOR-GENERAL. 

Section i. The Major-General, at the time of his appointment, shall be 
a Past Grand Chancellor, and a member of the Supreme Lodge and of the 
Uniform Rank, in good standing. He shall be appointed by the Supreme 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 1 39 

Chancellor, and shall hold his office for a term of four years from the date 
of appointment, and until his successor shall have been duly elected and 
installed. 

Sec. 2. It is the prerogative and duty of the Major-General to have com- 
mand and a watchful supervision over all the Brigades and Divisions, regi- 
mental and subordinate, within the jurisdiction of the Supreme Lodge Knights 
of Pythias of the World, and see that all the constitutional enactments, laws, 
and edicts of the Supreme Lodge are duly and promptly observed, and that 
the work and discipline of the Uniform Rank everywhere are uniform 
throughout the jurisdiction of the Supreme Lodge, and that the dress is 
uniform, unless otherwise ordered by the Supreme Lodge. 

Among his special duties and prerogatives are the following: 

1st. To appoint the members of his individual staff, consisting of one 
Adjutant-General, with rank of Brigadier-General : one Inspector-General, 
with the rank of Brigadier-General; one Surgeon-General, with the rank of 
Brigadier-General; one Quartermaster-General, with the rank of Brigadier- 
General ; four Aides-de-Camp, with the rank of Colonel ; who, upon his 
recommendation to the Supreme Chancellor, shall be commissioned by that 
officer to the position and rank named. 

2d. To visit and preside in and over Brigade or Divisions, regimental 
or subordinate, and give such instructions or directions as the good of the 
Order may require, always adhering to the constitution, statutes, and edicts 
of the Supreme Lodge ; and upon the general assembling of the Uniform 
Rank, Knights of Pythias, he shall, when present, take command. 

3d. To examine, in conjunction with the Supreme Chancellor, all laws 
enacted by any Brigade or Regimental or Subordinate Division, which, upon 
being confirmed by the Supreme Chancellor and Major-General, shall be the 
laws governing the respective Grand Jurisdictions. 

Sec. 3. In case of the unknightly conduct or violation of the reputable 
rules of society by any member of the staff of the Major-General, or of any 
Brigadier-General, the Major-General, or such Brigadier-General, shall have 
the authority to suspend such officer, from the discharge of his duties as such 
staff officer, and a full report of the facts in the case shall be prepared, signed 
by the commanding officer, and forwarded through the proper channels to 
the Supreme Chancellor for his action. And the Supreme Chancellor 
shall, if he finds such staff officer guilty, revoke the commission of such 
officer, and declare his office vacant. 

Sec. 4. In case of the death or resignation of the Major-General, the 
Supreme Chancellor shall have authority to fill the vacancy, and the one so 
appointed shall be a Past Grand Chancellor and a member of the Uniform 
Rank and a member of the Supreme Lodge. 

Sec. 5. The Major-General shall render to the Supreme Chancellor such 
reports as may be requested from time to time, Jie shall attend and render 



140 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

a full and complete report to the Supreme Lodge at each regular session, 
together with such recommendations concerning the Uniform Rank as he 
shall deem best for the interests and welfare of the Uniform Rank and 
Supreme Lodge Knights of Pythias of the World. 

ARTICLE IX. 
STAFF OFFICERS. 

ADJUTANT-GENERAL. 

Section I. The Adjutant- General shall keep correct records of the pro- 
ceedings of the Uniform Rank Knights of Pythias of the World. 

He shall conduct its correspondence and issue all necessary orders under 
direction of the Major-General Commanding the Uniform Rank Knights of 
Pythias of the World. 

He shall prepare all books and blanks necessary for Brigade and Regi- 
mental Divisions or Subordinate Divisions under direction of the Major- 
General. 

He shall keep a full and complete roster of all the different organizations 
of the Uniform Rank Knights of Pythias, and shall perform such other duties, 
and keep such other records and books as the Major-General or the Supreme 
Lodge may require of him. 

He shall be the Chief of Staff of the Major General, and shall attend with 
that officer and render such assistance on all public parades or assemblies as 
may be required. 

QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL. 

• Sec. 2. The Quartermaster-General shall hold the funds and securities 
directly belonging to the Supreme Division, and shall fill all requisitions that 
shall be drawn upon him by the Adjutant- General and approved by the 
Major-General. He shall give such security for the faithful and honest dis- 
charge of his duties as may be required from time to time by the Major- 
General, said bond to be given payable to the Supreme Lodge Knights of 
Pythias of the World for the use and benefit of the Uniform Rank Knights 
of Pythias of the World. 

INSPECTORS. 

Sec. 3. The Inspector- General shall prescribe the form of blanks to be 
used for the inspection of brigades, regimental and subordinate Divisions r 
and, with the approval of the Major-General, may give such special instruc- 
tions in reference to inspections as may be deemed necessary. He shall 
prepare an abstract of the reports received from the Assistant Inspector-Gem 
erals of Brigades for the information of the Major-General. He shall be held 
responsible to the Major-General for the proper equipment, uniforming, and 
tactical instruction of the Uniform Rank Knights ef Pythias, 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXTBOOK. T4I 

Sec. 4 Assistant Inspector-Generals shall make a thorough inspection of 
the Brigades to which they are attached every year, and shall make a written 
report to his Commanding Officer of the numbers reporting for duty, condi- 
tion, discipline, and efficiency of the different Divisions of his Brigade, and 
shall furnish a copy of said report to the Inspector-General on the 19th day 
of February of each year, or within ten days thereafter ; and shall make such 
other reports relative to condition and efficiency of his Department as may be 
ordered from time to time by the Inspector-General. He shall be held 
responsible for the proper equipment, uniforming, and tactical instruction of 
the Divisions within his Grand Jurisdiction. 

Sec. 5. All books, papers, accounts, records, and proceedings pertaining 
to the Uniform Rank Knights of Pythias, shall be subject to inspection at all 
times by the Inspector-General and the several Assistant Inspector-Generals 
within thefir respective jurisdictions. 

SURGEON- GENERAL. 

Sec. 6. The Surgeon-General shall perform the duties properly appertain- 
ing to that office, and shall attend the general parades and encampments, and 
shall have command of the Assistant Surgeon-Generals of Brigades, and the 
Medical Staff, and shall see that whatever medical or surgical aid is required 
shall be promptly and properly rendered. 

ARTICLE X. 

PAST OFFICERS. 

All Major-Generals, Brigadier-Generals, and Colonels who have served 
one full term as such officers shall be entitled to wear a jewel of honor, to 
be hereafter designed and adopted by the Supreme Lodge Knights of Pythias ; 
or if at the end of one full term of office they shall retire from active service 
as such officers, they shall be entitled to wear the uniform of their rank and 
the jewel of honor denoting their past service. Said jewel to be worn on 
the left breast. If so desired by them, said officers shall be placed on the 
retired list of their respective Subordinate or Regimental Divisions or Bri- 
gades, or, in case of the Major-General, upon the retired list of the Uniform 
Rank Knights of Pythias. They shall have the privilege of attending the 
sessions of the Brigade or Regimental Divisions, or Command from which 
they are retired, and shall have a voice in the deliberations of said body, but 
without a vote; on occasions of public parade they shall take post on the right 
of the line, in accordance with their rank. They shall be eligible to any 
office of the Uniform Rank Knights of Pythias, and may be detailed for 
active or special duty by the Supreme Lodge, Supreme Chancellor, the 
Major-General commanding the Uniform Rank Knights of Pythias of the 
World, or by any other officer of their respective commands who- is not 
inferior in rank to that originally held by such retired officer. 



142 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



ARTICLE XI. 

MEMBERSHIP. 

Section I. No person shall be admitted to the Uniform Rank who is not 
in possession of the rank of Knight, and is not properly qualified as provided 
by the laws of the Rank and in good standing in the Order of Knights of 
Pythias, nor unless he be reported favorably upon by a committee of investi- 
gation, to be composed of three members of the Division, and be duly elected. 
Nor shall any application be received unless accompanied by the proper fee. 

ARTICLE XII. 

UNIFORM AND DRILL MANUAL. 

Section i. The meetings of the Divisions of the Uniform Rank shall be 
attended by the members thereof in full or fatigue uniform, as may be ordered 
by the officer in command, and at such times and places as he may direct. 
At such meetings the Commander may dispense with the formal opening and 
closing ceremonies, except in conferring of the Rank. 

Sec. 2. Carnahan & Hamilton's Manual of Drill and Tactics shall be the 
Official Drill Manual for all Divisions of the Uniform Rank, and all Divisions 
are especially prohibited from the adoption or use of any other system of drill 
or tactics. 

Sec. 3. The flag of the Subordinate Divisions of the Uniform Rank 
Knights of Pythias shall be a scarlet flag, 36 by 54 inches in size, material 
to be silk, to have the emblem of the Uniform Rank in the centre, emhroid- 
ered m white silk or silver, or painted in white, and the name and number of 
the Division painted or worked thereon with silver, and trimmed with silver 
fringe around the border, and cord and tassels in silver and scarlet ; such flag 
to be used only on occasions when the Division shall parade separate from the 
Grand Division : Provided, That any Subordinate Division of this Rank may 
also carry the flag of the nationality of the country where the Rank has been 
established, and such presentation banners or flags as they may receive. The 
specifications for a flag for the Regimental Divisions shall be prepared by the 
Supreme Chancellor and Major-General, and the same shall be promulgated 
by the Supreme Chancellor. 

Sec. 4. The uniform of the Uniform Rank Knights of Pythias shall be as 
follows : 

Coats. — All officers above the rank of Captain shall wear the double- 
bieasted frock-coat, made of blue-black cloth, the skirt to extend from one- 
half to three-fourths of the distance from the hip down to the bend of the 
knee ; standing collar not less than one nor more than two inches in height, 
to hook in front at the bottom, slope thence upward and backward at an angle 




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COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 1 43 

of thirty degrees on each side, corners rounded ; cuffs three inches deep to go 
around the sleeves parallel with the lower edge, and with three small buttons 
on the under seam ; pockets in folds of the skirts, with two buttons on the 
hip and one at the lower end of each side edge, making four buttons on the 
pockets of the coat. 

For Major- General. — The coat for Major-General shall have two rows of 
gold buttons on the breast, nine buttons in each row, placed in groups of 
chrees ; collar and cuffs of the coat to be of dark-blue velvet. 

For Brigadier- General. — The same as for Major-General, except that there 
shall be eight gold buttons in each row, placed in groups of twos. 

For Colonel, Lieutenant- Colonel, and Major. — The same as for a General, 
except that there shall be nine gold buttons in each row on the breast, placed 
in equal distances ; collar and cuffs of the same material as the coat. 

For Captain, First and Second Lieutenants, and Knights. — Black cloth coat, 
military style, single-breasted, standing collar, length three inches above the 
knee, trimmed with nine silver buttons in front and four behind, and three on 
each sleeve; buttons to be of silver or white metal. All buttons to be the 
style of staff buttons, with the emblem of the Uniform Rank thereon. Pro- 
vided, That such Subordinate Division Officers as now have the double- 
breasted frock-coat are permitted to wear the same until it shall become 
necessary for them to procure new uniforms. 

Trousers. — For all officers above the rank of Captain to be of dark-blue 
cloth, without stripe, welt, or cord; all others to be of black cloth or cassi- 
mere of the uniform style. 

Chapeau or Helmet (full dress). — For all officers of the General staff 
and all General officers, black silk folding chapeau, trimmed with two black 
ostrich plumes running over the top from front to rear, a gold chapeau tassel 
on each peak, on the right side a black silk rosette five inches in diameter, 
surmounted by a strap with gold embroidery one-fourth inch wide, strap to 
be five inches long, two inches wide, including the embroidery, with rounded 
ends : a silver bullion lily to be embroidered in the upper ends, and a gold 
emblematic button in the lower end; across the front and back peak on each 
side a black silk ribbon slashing, one inch wide; chapeau to be worn with 
the front peak turned slightly to the left, showing the gilt ornament on the 
right side. 

For Major- General and Brigadier- General Commanding a Division. — The 
centre of the strap on the right side to be gold, all others to be of scarlet silk 
velvet. 

For Colonels, Field and Staff.— White cloth covered cork helmet, same as 
pattern now worn, with top piece, spike, "chin chain, strap and side button, all 
of gold ; on the front a scarlet velvet oval shield two and three-quarter inches 
in length and two and a quarter inches in breadth at the centre, gold em- 
broidered border with upright silver embroidered lily in the centre, sur- 



144 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

mounted by a black and white fountain plume nine inches in length, upper 
half white, lower half black, screwed into the socket, the feathers of the 
plume falling down over the top of the helmet. 

For Captain, First and Second Lieutenants. — Same helmet as worn by field 
and staff officers, except plume to be of white and red, with white uppermost, 
embroidered shield escutcheon of scarlet velvet with silver border and em- 
broidered silver lily in the centre, " U. R." in monogram on the side but- 
tons, silver- or nickel-plated chin chain, spike base and plume socket, all 
trimmings to be of nickel or silver. 

For Sir Knights. — Same helmet and same trimmings, except the plume to 
be of scarlet feathers and silver- or nickel-plated spike to be worn in the socket 
in damp or rainy weather : Provided, That Divisions of the Uniform Rank that 
are now using or wearing either the black or nickel-plated helmet may use 
such helmets until such time as they may desire to make the change to the 
helmets herein prescribed. Provided, further, That where a body of Knights 
desiring to organize a Division of the Uniform Rank may, if they have the 
helmet heretofore adopted for the Knights Rank, use such helmet by making 
change of trimmings to conform to the U. R. ; and further provided, That 
those Divisions now having the nickel-plated helmet may use the fountain 
plume herein defined until such time as they shall procure the white helmet. 

Gauntlets. — For all Mounted Officers, Field and Staff. All mounted 
officers shall wear buff military gauntlets. 

For Major-General and Brigadier-General commanding Brigades, the or- 
nament on the cuff shall be a circle with a gold embroidered border enclos- 
ing a silver embroidered lily on a gold field. The diameter of the circle 
enclosing the embroidery to be two inches. 

For all other officers of the General Staff the centre of the circle shall be 
of scarlet velvet. 

For a Colonel and Staff, the ornament shall be in the form of an oval with 
gold bullion border enclosing a silver embroidered lily on a scarlet field. 

Gloves. — All Officers and Sir Knights of the Subordinate Divisions shall 
wear white gloves. 

Epaulets and Shoulder Knots. For a Major-General. — Same as 
usually prescribed for an officer of like grade in the United States army, of 
gold with a silver star of five rays in the centre of the crescent at the base 
of the shank, and a small silver star at the upper end near the shoulder, in 
the centre a gold embroidered circle enclosing a silver embroidered lily on a 
gold field ; the star and the circle to be placed on the shank of the epaulet 
equally distant from each other. 

For Brigadier- General Commanding a Division. — Same as for a Major- 
General, except that there shall be but one star in the centre of the crescent 
at the base of the shank and a circle enclosing a silver lily on a gold field 
above the star. 



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COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 145 

For all other Brigadier- Generals. — The same, except the field in the cen- 
tre of the circle shall be of scarlet velvet. 

For all Commissioned Officers below the rank of a Brigadier-General, ex- 
cept of a Subordinate Division, gold cord shoulder knot, Russian pattern, 
on scarlet velvet, with the insignia of official rank embroidered on a velvet 
ground. 

For Colonel. — A silver embroidered eagle in the centre of the pad, sur- 
mounted by a silver embroidered lily. 

For Lieutenant- Colonel. — A silver embroidered leaf at each end of the 
pad, with a silver embroidered lily in the centre of the pad, upright. 

For Major. — Same as Lieutenant-Colonel, except the leaves shall be of 
gold instead of silver. 

For a Captain. — Two silver bars across each end of the pad, with em- 
broidered lily in the centre, upright. 

For First Lieutenant. — Same as for Captain, except there shall be but one 
bar embroidered across each end of the pad. 

For Second Lieutenant. — Same as for Captain, except there shall be no 
bars. 

The Shoulder Knots of subordinate Division officers to be of silver cord. 

For Chaplain. — Same as for Captain of Staff, except there shall be an up- 
right cross in the centre, with lily entwined. 

The Sir Knights, Recorder, Treasurer, Guard, Sentinel, Standard Bearer, 
and the Sir Knights in line, shall wear the emblem of the Rank on each 
shoulder, the same being a strap three and a half inches long and one and 
a half inches wide, including embroidery, of scarlet silk-velvet, bordered 
with one row of silver embroidery one-fourth inch wide and corded in gold, 
a narrow edge of scarlet showing on the outer edge of strap, and bearing in 
the centre a lily embroidered in silver. 

Shoulder Straps for Fatigue Dress. — On the fatigue uniform the 
shoulder straps may be worn to designate rank, as follows : 

For Major- General. — Strap four inches long, one and five-eighths inches 
wide, bordered with gold embroidery one-fourth inch wide, two silver stars 
of five rays each, embroidered, and a silver embroidered lily in the centre — 
all on a gold field. 

For Brigadier- General Conwianding a Brigade. — Same as for Major- 
General, except that there shall be but one star in the centre, and a silver 
embroidered lily at each end on a gold field. 

For all other Brigadier- Generals. — The same, except the field shall be of 
scarlet velvet. 

For Colonel.— -The same as for Brigadier-General, scarlet velvet field, with 
an embroidered spread-eagle in the centre of the strap, two inches between 
the tips of the wings, surmounting an embroidered silver lily. 

For Lieutenant- Colonel. — The same as Colonel, except a silver embroidered 
13 K 



146 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

leaf at each end of the strap, and a silver embroidered lily in the centre of 
the strap. 

For Major. — The same as for Lieutenant-Colonel, except the leaves shall 
be of gold instead of silver. 

For Captain of Staff. — The same, except there shall be at each end two 
silver bars of the same width as border, embroidered, placed parallel with 
the ends of the straps, at a distance between them and the border equal to 
the width of the border, with a silver lily in the centre. 

For First Lieutenant of Staff. — Same as for Captain, except there shall be 
but one bar at each end of the strap. 

For Second Lieutenant. — The same, except there shall be no bars. 

For Captain, First and Second Lieutenants of the Subordinate Division. — 
The same as for officers of like grade on the staff, except the borders shall be 
of silver. 

For Chaplain. — Same as for Captain of Staff, except there shall be a cross 
in the centre with lily entwined. 

Chevrons. — The rank of all non-commissioned officers of the staff shall 
be marked by chevrons, points down, upon both sleeves of the uniform coat, 
above the elbow, of scarlet velvet, divided into bars one-half inch wide by 
a gold braid one-eighth inch wide. 

For Sergeant- Major. — Three bars and an arc with a silver lily within the 
space. 

For a Quartermaster- Sergeant. — Three bars and a tie of three bars, with 
an embroidered lily in the space. 

For a Commissary-Sergeant. — Three bars with a silver lily in the angle. 

For Sir Knight Guard Sentinel. — Same as now worn. 

Swords. — For all General Officers. — Straight sword, rapier pattern, thirty- 
four to forty inches in length, according to the height of the wearer, gilt 
hilt, shell guard, white grip, gold scabbard with emblematic mountings. 

For Field and Staff Officers. — Same as for General Officers. 

For Officers and Knights of the Subordinate Division. — Crossed handle or 
guard, black grip and helmet head, with chain guard same as now worn, with 
a nickel- or silver-plated scabbard with appropriate devices, suspended by three 
barrel-chains from side ring ; sword scabbard and chains white metal. 

Sword Knots. — For all General Officers. — Gold cord with acorn ends. 

For Field and Staff Officers. — Gold lace strap with gold bullion tassels. 

Aiguillettes. — All officers of the General Staff with the rank of Colonel, 
and the Adjutant of the Regimental Staff, shall wear a gold cord aiguillette 
attached to the shoulder knot on the right side. 

Sword Belts. — For Major- General.— Red Russia leather, one and three- 
quarter inches wide, with pattern of embroidery in gold bullion; one long 
and one short sling of the same material of the belt to correspond; gold- 
plated square or oblong emblematical U. R. buckle. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 147 

For Brigadier- General. — Same as for Major-General, except there shall be 
three rows of gold bullion embroidery. 

' For all Officers of the General Staff — Scarlet body, faced with solid gold 
lace on the front, with slings of the same material. 

For all Commissioned Cfficers of the Regimental Staff. — Same as for General, 
except the front of the belt shall be faced with gold lace interwoven with red, 
forming four rows of gold and three rows of red, with slings of the same material. 

For all Commissioned ( fficers of the Subordinate Division. — Scarlet leather, 
one and three-quarter inches wide, faced with silver, with three rows of silk 
interwoven, silver-plated square belt buckle, emblematic design, three silver- 
plated barrel-chains, two short and one long, hung from silver-plated emblem- 
atic slides, cap-hanger of the same pattern as the chain-slide. 

For Sir Knights. — Shall be of red enamelled leather, with silk stitchings, 
one and three-quarter inches wide. Same buckle, slides, and chains as com- 
missioned officers of Subordinate Divisions. 

Sash. — To be ?vor?i by General Officers only. — Buff silk net, with silk 
bullion fringe ends; sash to go twice around the waist, tie behind the hip, 
pendant, but not to extend more than eighteen inches below the belt. 

The Major-General may wear the sash across the body from the left 
shoulder to the right side. 

Sec. 6. All uniforms of any other design or pattern different from that 
herein prescribed is hereby strictly prohibited, and instituting officers are 
hereby forbidden to institute any Division unless the uniforms are in strict 
conformity with specifications herein contained. 

In all competitive drills by Divisions of the Uniform Rank, if any Division 
shall enter such contest with any uniform or part thereof differing from the 
uniform herein prescribed, such lack of conformity to the established uniform 
shall be scored to the discredit of such Division: Provided, however. That 
this law shall not affect Divisions who have complied with the law heretofore 
in force in regard to uniforms of the Uniform Rank, and who have not yet 
had sufficient time to make the changes to conform to these regulations. 

Sec. 7. From and after the adoption of the within described uniform by 
the Supreme Lodge, there shall be no further change of uniforms to be worn 
by this Rank for the period of ten years. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

PARADES AND DRILLS. 

Section I. The 30th day of August, in each and every year, is hereby 
designated as the Anniversary Day of the Uniform Rank, which, together 
with the 19th day of February, or Pythian Period, should be observed by 
parade. And other parades may be called at the discretion of the Com- 
mander of the Subordinate Division, Regimental or Brigade Commanders, 
or by the Major-Gen eral or Supreme Chancellor, 



I48 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Sec. 2. Meetings for drills, as prescribed in the By-Laws of the Subordi. 
nate Division, or upon the order of the Commander of the Division, may be 
held at the armory or any other place selected, and at such times the uniform 
and the ritualistic ceremonies for opening will be dispensed with. 

Sec. 3. Attendance at drills and parades, and deportment of members 
while in uniform and on duty shall be regulated by the By-Laws of the 
Divisions, and such fine imposed as may be required to insure efficiency, or 
that may be deemed to the interest of Divisions. 

Sec. 4. Each Subordinate Division shall prepare and adopt By-Laws for 
its government. Such By-Laws shall be forwarded through intermediate 
channels to the Major-General, and by him to the Supreme Chancellor for 
approval, and from and after their approval by the Major-General and the 
Supreme Chancellor, shall be in full force and effect. 

Sec. 5. All Subordinate Divisions, Regimental Divisions, or Brigades are 
strictly forbidden to engage in Sunday picnics or excursions, and any 
Division, Regimental Division, or Brigade guilty of the violation of this sec- 
tion, or of any violation of the reputable rules of society, shall have its war- 
rant arrested by the Regimental Commander, Brigade Commander, or Major- 
General, and the facts shall be reported to the Supreme Chancellor for his 
action thereon. 

Sec. 6. Subordinate Divisions before turning out for any special parade or 
drill other than a regular practice drill or parade, must first obtain permission 
from the Regimental or Brigade Commander, and where there is no Regi- 
mental Division in a State or Grand Jurisdiction, Subordinate Divisions in 
such States must have such permission from the Major-General. 

ARTICLE XIV. 



Section i. At the institution of a Division the supplies which are furnished 
for the fee of thirty dollars accompanying the application shall be as follows: 

Warrant, 

Four rituals, 

Seal, 

Chevrons for Sir Knights Guard and Sentinel, and 

Three copies of the official Manual of Drill and Tactics. 

The prices of all other supplies will be fixed from time to time by the 
Supreme Chancellor and Supreme Keeper of Records and Seal, and pub- 
lished in official circulars. 

ARTICLE XV. 

These General Laws may be added to, altered, or amended, at any regular 
session of the Supreme Lodge by a majority vote of the Representatives 
voting. Any amendment submitted shall be offered and laid over at least 
one day previous to being acted upon. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 1 49 

CONSTITUTION 

FOR THE 

GOVERNMENT OF SUBORDINATE DIVISIONS. 



ARTICLE I. 

Section i. The Division shall be known as Division, No. — , 

of Uniform Rank Knights of Pythias. 

Sec. 2. Stated meetings shall be held at such time and place as shall 
be fixed by the by-laws. 

Special meetings for conferring the Uniform Rank, or other business, shall 
be held upon the order of the Captain (Sir Knight Commander)., or upon the 
written request of any seven members of the Division in good standing. 

No business shall be transacted at a special meeting except that which was 
specified in the call convening such meeting. 

Sec. 3. In the absence of the Captain, the First Lieutenant shall preside; 
in the absence of the First Lieutenant, the Second Lieutenant shall preside; 
and in the absence of the Captain, First and Second Lieutenants, the meeting 
shall select a presiding officer/;'*? tempore. 

Sec. 4. Each Division of the Uniform Rank shall have an official seal, 
furnished by the Supreme Lodge, which shall be affixed to all official docu- 
ments. 

Semi-annual reports shall be made to the Supreme Chancellor and Major- 
General commanding the Supreme Division on blanks furnished, which reports 
shall be forwarded to the Supreme Chancellor through the Supreme Keeper 
of Records and Seal, and to the Major-General commanding through the 
intermediate channels, on the 19th day of February and on the 28th day 
of August of each year; and the report made on the 19th day of February, 
as herein provided, must be accompanied by the Division dues to the Supreme 
Lodge of five dollars, which amount shall be forwarded to the Supreme Keeper 
of Records and Seal, as provided in Sec. 8, Art. V., General Laws U. R. 

ARTICLE II. 

SECTION i. Officers of the Division, and the time and manner of their 

election, shall be as provided in the General Laws governing the Uniform 

Rank. 

Sec. 2. The Captain (Sir Knight Commander) has it in special charge — 
I. To see that the by-laws of his Division are duly observed, as well as 

the constitution, statutes, rules, and edicts of the Regimental Division and 

of the Supreme Lodge of the World. 
1 3* 



150 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

2. That accurate accounts are kept and just accounts rendered. 

3. That regular returns are made to the Supreme Chancellor and Major- 
General semi-annually, and that the annual dues are promptly paid. 

4. It is his duty, together with the First and Second Lieutenants, to attend 
all meetings of the Regimental Division. 

5. He shall preside at all meetings of the Division, appoint all committees, 
unless otherwise ordered, and at the last meeting in each term preceding the 
election of officers, shall appoint a committee to audit the books and accounts 
of the financial officers. 

He shall decide all questions of order, subject to an appeal from his decision 
by the Division, and give the casting vote on all questions where a tie exists, 
except in an election of officers and an appeal from his decision. In all elec- 
tions he shall sit as judge, inspect all ballots for membership, and announce 
the result to the Division. 

He shall sign all orders on the Sir Knight Treasurer which may be ordered 
by the Division, and other papers which may require his signature. 

His position in the armory is in the first official chair, or that of the presid- 
ing officer, and his duties those that are herein prescribed, and also those that 
are found in the Ritual of the Rank. 

On parade, he shall occupy the position with his command prescribed in 
the Drill Manual and Tactics governing the Uniform Rank. 

He shall be responsible for the drill and discipline of his Division, and it 
shall be his duty to see that the regulations are enforced, and his Division 
properly instructed and exercised in the official Manual of Tactics. 

And on failure to perform any of these prescribed duties he shall be subject 
to discipline, and, in case of conviction, shall forfeit his command. 

Sec. 3. The First Lieutenant shall assist the Captain in preserving order 
and decorum in the armory. 

In the absence of the Captain, he shall preside, and perform all the duties 
which devolve upon the Captain, and his position in the armory will be in 
the second official chair. 

On parade, his position is that defined in the Tactics. In the absence of 
the Captain, he is invested with the command of the Division, and shall per- 
form the full duties of that office, as prescribed in the Ritual and Tactics. 

Sec. 4. The Second Lieutenant, in the absence of both senior officers, 
shall preside at the meetings of the Division and discharge the duties laid 
down for their government. On parade he shall take the position assigned 
to him by virtue of his office as prescribed in the Tactics. Should the com- 
mand at any time devolve upon him, he shall strictly observe the duties of 
the senior officer as prescribed in the Ritual and Tactics. 

Sec. 5. It shall be the duty of the Sir Knight Recorder to keep and enter 
in a book provided for that purpose the minutes of the proceedings of the 
meetings of the Division, read the same at the next regular meeting, keep 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXTBOOK. IS I 

the accounts of the members, collect dues and assessments and pay the same 
over to the Sir Knight Treasurer, taking his receipt therefor. At the end of 
his term he shall make an annual report of the condition of the Division on 
the form furnished by the Supreme Lodge, and deliver the same to the in- 
stalling officer as prescribed by the General Laws ol the Uniform Rank. He 
snail conduct such correspondence as may be assigned to him from time to 
time. His books and accounts shall at all times be open for inspection by 
the Commander and duly authorized committee. He shall draw ail drafts 
upon the Sir Knight Treasurer authorized by the Division, present them to 
the Captain for his signature, and perform any other duty required by the 
By Laws of the Division or the laws of the Rank, and such duties as are 
prescribed in the Ritual. 

Sec. 6. It shall be the duty of the Sir Knight Treasurer to keep a correct 
account of all moneys received, and pay all drafts upon him by the Captain, 
and make detailed reports semi-annually of all moneys received and paid 
out, and the general condition of the funds. He shall give a proper bond 
for the faithful discharge of his duties before his installation. He shall keep 
his books open at all times for inspection by the Captain and Auditing Com- 
mittees. He shall perform such other duties as may be required by the By- 
Laws of the Division and the Laws and Ritual of this Rank. 

In case of refusal to furnish proper bond, his office shall be declared va- 
cant and a new election ordered by the Captain. 

Sec 7. It shall be the duty of the Sir Knight Guard to keep a correct 
roll of the members of the Division and to call the same at the close. of each 
and every parade and drill, and keep a record of the same. 

He shall convey all summons for special meetings, drills, and parades, 
which may be ordered; provide music for the Division when ordered so to 
do; and have the special charge of all property under the head of colors, 
standards, or camp equipage : Provided, however, That Divisions^ that may 
so desire may elect Property Trustees for the care of all the property of the 
Division. 

He shall perform all other duties required by the By-Laws of the Division 
and the Ritual and Tactics of this Rank. 

His position in line shall be that of right guide, on the right of the Di- 
vision, as prescribed by the Tactics. 

Sec. 8. The Sir Knight Sentinel shall perform such duties as the Ritual 
of the Rank directs, to open and close the Armory for all meetings and 
drills, and such other duties as may be required by the By-Laws of the Di- 
vision. 

Sec. 9. A Standard-Bearer may be appointed by the Captain, and will 
discharge the duties laid down in the Tactics; his post in line. No. 3 in the 
right centre section of fours. 



152 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

ARTICLE III. 

MEMBERSHIP. 

Section i. Application for membership in the Uniform Rank mtist be 
accompanied by the official receipt showing that the applicant is in good 
standing in the Lodge to which he belongs and such a fee as the Division 
may prescribe in their By-Laws. 

Sec. 2. An application may be received, considered by a committee of 
three, the candidate balloted for, and, if elected, the Rank conferred the 
same meeting. 

Sec. 3. An applicant for membership shall be balloted for by ball ballot. 
Should two or more black balls appear, the ballot shall be immediately re- 
newed ; should two or more black balls appear on the second ballot, he shall 
be declared rejected, and no ballot shall be taken for the period of six months 
thereafter, and then only on a renewed application in the prescribed form. 

Sec. 4. A member desiring to withdraw from membership shall be en- 
titled to receive an honorable discharge by paying all assessments and 
charges appearing against him on the books of the Division, such discharge 
to be furnished by the Supreme Lodge, signed by the Supreme Keeper of 
Records and Seal, and countersigned by the Captain and Sir Knight Re- 
corder of the Division. Said discharge shall be given for all time, or until 
deposited in a Division. 

Sec. 5. An application for admission upon deposit of an honorable dis- 
charge, shall be accompanied by sach fee 9i the Division may prescribe, and 
shall be subject to the same ballot as an original application for membership. 

Sec. 6. A member shall be suspended from this Rank for a violation of 
any part of the obligation assumed on becoming a member thereof. In case 
of suspension for any cause, he shall be reinstated, pay the admission fee, 
and be subject to the same ballot as when first admitted. 

Sec. 7. A member shall be considered in good standing in the Division, 
as regards dues, who is not more than six months in arrears for dues to his 
Lodge, and shall not be considered in good standing as regards dues when 
he is more than six months in arrears for dues in his Lodge. 

Sec. 8. A member visiting a Division, other than the Division of which 
he is a member, may, by permission of the Sir Knight Commander, attend 
such meeting without being in uniform. 

ARTICLE IV. 

BY-LAWS. 

SECTION I. Each Division shall have the right to make By-Laws for its 
own government not inconsistent with these laws, and shall provide such 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT- BO OK. 153 

revenue as may be necessary to defray the expenses of the meetings and pre- 
scribe their own order of business. 

Sec. 2. ' Such Division may also provide by By-Laws a Code of Proced- 
ure not inconsistent with the laws of the Supreme Lodge, by which all 
charges for violation of the obligation of this Rank, or violation of the laws 
thereof, shall be preferred and trials of the same conducted. 

ARTICLE V. 

This Constitution may be added to, altered, or amended at any regular 
session of the Supreme Lodge by a two- thirds vote of the Representatives 
voting. 

9 Any amendments submitted shall be offered and left over at least one day 
previous to being acted upon. 



154 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



PETITION FOR A DIVISION OF THE UNIFORM 

RANK. 

&o t\)t Supreme Chancellor, Officers nnb ggembm of % Supreme gTobge of tbe 
Morlb, %\. of jj. 

The undersigned, Uniformed Knights in good standing of the Order, peti- 
tion you to grant a Warrant to establish a Division of the Uniform Rank, 

Knights of Pythias, at , County of , 

State of , to be known as 

Division, No , Uniform Rank, under your Special Jurisdiction; AND 

WE pledge OUR KNIGHTLY HONOR, That we will conform to and abide 
by all the rules of the Rank, and the laws of the Supreme Lodge, now in 
force or to be hereafter enacted. And we further declare that we have not 
been rejected for membership by any Division of the Uniform Rank, at any 
time within the preceding six months. 

Dated this day of , 1 88 , P. P. 

Fee for Warrant and Supplies, $30.00, herewith Enclosed. 





No. 


Name. 
(Signature in full.) 


Age. 


Lodge of which a Member. 


1 








2 








3 
4 





















READ THE FOLLOWING EXTRACT FROM THE LAWS CAREFULLY. 



Membership and Good Standing. 



" A Member shall be considered in good standing in a Division, as regards dues, who is 
not more than six months in arrears for dues to his Lodge, and shall not be considered in 
good standing, as regards dues, when he is more than six months in arrears for dues in 
his Lodge." — (See Sec. 7, of Art. 4, Constitution of the Uniform Rank.) 

Applicants for a Warrant to organize a Division of the Uniform Rank will therefore be pre- 
pared to exhibit to the Instituting Officer their " Official Receipts," for "Dues in their 
Lodges," before they can receive the Rank. It is further obligatory upon an applicant for 
this Rank to appear in the Uniform prescribed by the General Laws when presenting him- 
self for admittance and instruction therein. And the Instituting Officer, when in the dis- 
charge of his duties, will not suffer any applicant to remain or participate in the ceremonies, 
unless he be so qualified. 

" The Official Receipt is authoritative evidence to the Order throughout the World, not 
only of Membership, but of Good Standing in the Order." — (S. L. Journal of 1875, page 
1165.) 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 155 

WARRANT FOR A DIVISION OF THE 
UNIFORM RANK. 

To be located at City or Town of , County of 

, , State of 

Headquarters, Uniform Rank, Knights of Pythias, 

Indianapolis, Ind., ,188 . 

Respectfully forwarded to the Supreme Chancellor, with recommendation that the prayei 
of the petitioners be granted. 

I recommend that Sir Knight be appointed 

to institute said Division, and that all supplies be forwarded to the said Sir Knight 



State of 

Said instituting officer will make report and return of his action to these headquarters. 



Major-General commanding U. R. K. of P. 
Approved and the prayer of the petitioners granted, and the S. K. of R. & S. is hereby 
instructed to make out and issue a Warrant for said Division, in proper and legal form. 

Dated this day of , 188 . 

P. P 

S. C. 

Warrant in accordance with the petition, and approval of the S. C, made out and issued 

this day of , A. D. 188 . 

5". K. 0/ R. &>S. 

Division No. Uniform Rank, instituted the day of 

, A. D. 188 . 

P. P by 

Instituting- Officer. 

The following Report must be invariably carefully and accurately filled out and promptly 
returned to the office of the Major-General and S. K. of R. &. S. 

INSTITUTING OFFICER'S REPORT. 

&o % jlngreme $• °f $« ^ &•• J?nptcmc Jiooge of % SSorlb, JL of |). 

Sir : I have the honor to report that Division, 

of No , of , Uniform Rank, Knights of Pythias, 

located at , County of and State 

of , was instituted by me on the day 

of , A. D. 188 , P. P , with a membership 

of , and that the following-named members are the 

First Officers of the Division: 



Officers. 



Sir Knight Commander 

Sir Knight Lieut. Commander- 
Sir Knight Herald 

Sir Knight Recorder 

Sir Knight Treasurer 

Sir Knight Guard 

Sir Knight Sentinel 



Name. 



Post-Office Address. 



I hereby Certify, That at the Institution of said Division, the within-named applicants 
did exhibit to me their Official Receipts, bearing the Seal of the Supreme Lodge, and Seal 
of their respective Subordinate Lodges, and the evidence therein was sufficient to satisfy 
me that said applicants were "not only of membership, but of good standing in 
the order." 

All of which is fraternally submitted, 



Instituting Officer, 



156 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



The Sir Knight Recorder will make this Report in quadruplicate. After it is endorsed by 
the installing officer, he will mail one copy to the Supreme Chancellor, one copy and the 
Division Dues to the Supreme Keeper of Records and Seal, and retain one copy for the use 
of the Division. 

Annual Report of Division, No...., of , Uniform 

Rank, Knights of Pythias, located at , County of and State 

of , for the Pythian Period ending February 19, 1 88 . 



Officers. 



Sir Knight Commander 

Sir Knight Lieut. Commander. 

Sir Knight Herald 

Sir Knight Recorder 

Sir Knight Treasurer 

Sir Knight Guard 

Sir Knight Sentinel 



Name. 



Post-Office Address. 



Total Number of Members of the Division at this date, 

Total Receipts of the Division for the past Pythian Periods, . $ 

Total Expenditures of the Division for the past Pythian Periods, $ 

Balance remaining in the Treasury at this date, . . . . $ 

Division Dues to the Supreme Lodge, Five Dollars, sent to the S. 
K. of R. & S. 

We Certify that the foregoing is correct. Dated this 

♦ day of 188 , P. P 

Sir Knight Commander. 

Sir Knight Recorder. 

INSTALLING OFFICER'S REPORT. 

fto % Supreme % obge of % Morlb, % of |j. 

I have the honor to report that the above-named Officers of 

Division, No , of , Uniform Rank, Knights of Pythias, 

were duly installed by me, on the day of 188 , P. P 

Installing Officer. 

ANNUAL REPORT 

Of Division, No , of. , U. R., K. of P., 

for the Pythian Period ending February 19, 188 . 

DIVISION DUES, $5.00. 

Sec 8. The Division at its annual election shall elect by ballot an installing officer to in- 
stall the officers elect. The Sir Knight so elected will perform that duty in accordance with 
the work prescribed in the Ritual. He shall see that the bond of the Treasurer has been 
filed with and approved by the Division ; that the annual report to the Supreme Lodge has 
been made out by the Recorder, and the order drawn for the Division dues to the Supreme 
Lodge. Said report shall be endorsed by the installing officer, and one copy thereof shall 
be forwarded by the installing officer, through the regimental and brigade headquarters, to 
the Supreme Chancellor, one copy through the regular channels, with the annual dues, to 
the Supreme Keeper of Records and Seal, and one copy to the Major-General, one copy to 
be retained by the Division. 

Sec. 9. Vacancies in any elective office may be filled by nomination, election, and installa- 
tion at any stated meeting of the Division, and the Presiding Officer of the Division on that 
evening shall act as the installing officer. 

The annual dues to the Supreme Lodge shall be five dollars. 

Secs. 8 and 9, Art. IV., Laws U. R. 

Received 188 . 

, S. K.ofR.& S, 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 1 57 



IN BLESSING THOU ART BLESSED. 



Freely give, for while bestowing 

x\ngel eyes thy bounty mark, 
And their seraph forms all glowing 

Shall dispel the gloomy dark ; 
While the midnight forth is straying, 

They shall guard thee in thy rest, 
And shall whisper low in praying, 

That in blessing thou art blessed. 



When the bitter winter lingers, ^ 

And the friendless child is cold, 
Let thy pity's rosy fingers 

Drop the widow's mite of gold; 
And when oft the spring recalling 

Bids the swallow to her nest, 
Joys, like blossoms around thee falling* 

Prove in blessing thou art blessed. 



Can'st thou dry the tear of sorrow? 

Can'st thou make the sad one sing ? 
O ! the spirit of each morrow, 

Will a brighter blessing bring ; 
Though the purse be all the poorer, 

Thou art richer in the breast, 
For on earth there's nothing truer 

Than in blessing we are blessed. 



ENDOWMENT RANK. 



' OF THE I 

Pythias, > 
4, 1884. ) 



Office of Supreme Secretary of the 
Endowment Rank, Knights of 
Washington, D. C, May 24, 

SUPREME Chancellor, Jno. Van Valkenburg, under date of 
the 22d instant, instructed the Supreme Secretary to "pro- 
mulgate, the laws and amendments regarding the Endow- 
ment Rank as soon as possible," and as the revision has been 
made from the original records and papers of the thirteenth ses- 
sion of the Supreme Lodge Knights of Pythias of the World, 
held at New Oileans, La., in April and May, 1884, and ap- 
proved by the Supreme Chancellor, I hereby promulgate the 
annexed compilation as the "General Laws for the Endowment 
Rank of the Order of Knights of Pythias," and " Constitution 
for Sections of the Endowment Rank, Knights of Pythias," 
now in force 

Halvor Nelson, 
Supreme Secretary of the Endowment Rank. 

GENERAL LAWS 

FOR THE ENDOWMENT RANK. 

ARTICLE I. 

POWERS OF THE SUPREME LODGE. 

Section I. It possesses the power, in accordance with the laws of the 
Order, to establish the Endowment Rank. 

Sec. 2. To provide, print, and furnish all forms, ceremonies, warrants, 
certificates, blanks of all kinds, official seal, and such supplies to Sections of 
the Endowment Rank as may be necessary for its complete working. 

158 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS, ETC. 1 59 

Sec. 3. To provide a revenue for the Endowment Rank from the sale of 
books, seals, and blanks of all kinds which may be adopted for use. 

Sec. 4. To grant warrants to members of the Order of Knights of Pyth- 
ias, duly qualified, upon proper application, for the establishment of Sections 
of the Endowment Rank, and to enact laws and regulations, of general ap- 
plication, to establish and govern the same. 

Sec. 5. To provide for, and define the duties of the officers of the En- 
dowment Rank, and to prescribe any additional duties for the regular officers 
of the Supreme Lodge. 

Sec. 6. To create, hold, and disburse the funds named in the objects of 
the Rank, under such regulations as it may deem necessary to adopt. 

ARTICLE II. 

JURISDICTION. 

Section i. Sections of the Endowment Rank exist by virtue of warrants, 
issued by the Supreme Lodge, through the Supreme Chancellor and the Su- 
preme Keeper of Records and Seal, under the following obligatory general 
rules, to wit : Applications for Sections cf the Endowment Rank must be 
made in the form provided by the Supreme Secretary. They shall contain 
the signatures of at least five (5) Knights in good standing in the Lodges 
of Knights of Pythias, and shall be accompanied by the fee of five dollars 
($5.00) for warrant from the Supreme Keeper of Records and Seal, and ten 
dollars ($10.00) for supplies from the Supreme Secretary. Each Knight, 
before entering his name upon said application, must pass a medical exami- 
nation, and the Examining Physician shall sign a certificate stating the 
result. 

Sec. 2. Sections of the Endowment Rank shall never be instituted, un- 
less at the time of institution at least five (5) brethren, whose applications 
have been approved by the Medical Examiner-in-Chief, be present, and shall 
never consist of less than three (3) members. 

Sec. 3. Each Section of the Endowment Rank shall have an official seal 
of uniform design, and numbered to correspond with the number of the Sec- 
tion. Said seal shall be furnished by the Supreme Secretary, and shall be 
affixed to all official documents. 

Sec. 4. When the membership of a Section has become less than three 
(3), the Supreme Chancellor, upon the request of the remaining members, or 
any of them, and upon their surrendering the warrant and property of the 
Section, may issue to them Clearance Cards, countersigned by the Supreme 
Secretary, and subject to the requirements of Article X. of the Constitution, 
and the holder's name shall be retained on the books of the Supreme Secre- 
tary, and assessments shall be paid to him during the life of the card. Such 
card may be deposited at any time within six months from its date, with the 



l60 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Secretary of any Section, and the name of the holder shall thereupon be en- 
tered on the roll of membership in said Section. But if such card be not so 
deposited within the period above specified, then the holder thereof shall 
forfeit his membership and interest in the Endowment Rank. 

ARTICLE III. 

MEMBERSHIP. 

Section i. No person shall be admitted to membership in the Endow- 
ment Rank unless he be a Knight of Pythias in good standing ; nor unless 
he be recommended by some competent practising physician (if possible a 
member of the Rank), who, having examined into his physical condition, 
shall give a certificate in the form prescribed for the Rank; nor unless the 
necessary fee accompany the application. 

Sec. 2. All applicants for membership or reinstatement must present a 
written application in proper form, which must be submitted to and approved 
by the Medical Examiner-in-Chief before such applicant can be admitted to 
membership. 

Sec. 3. Applicants between the ages of twenty-one and fifty may be ad- 
mitted into the first and second classes ; those between the ages of fifty and 
sixty into the third class; and those between the ages of twenty-one and sixty 
may be admitted into the fourth class. 

ARTICLE IV. 

WARRANTS AND SUPPLIES. 

Section i. All blank applications for warrants shall be furnished by the 
Supreme Keeper of Records and Seal. 

Sec. 2. The Supreme Chancellor shall have power to grant warrants to 
Sections during the recess of the Supreme Lodge, and to use such measures 
as may be necessary to institute the same. 

Sec. 3. All warrants, cards, certificates, account books, notices, receipts, 
assessment reports, and any and all blanks necessary, shall emanate from the 
Supreme Lodge. 

Sec. 4. The supplies for the use of a Section, consisting of one seal, one 
ledger, one cash book, one record book, and assessment roll books, one for 
each class, are furnished for the sum of ten dollars. All other supplies are 
furnished by the Supreme Secretary free of any charge. 

Sec. 5. The power to adopt any additional forms, alter or amend any of 
the laws, or the business details connected with the Endowment Rank, is 
vested in the Supreme Lodge exclusively, and it shall be the duty of that 
body to preserve uniformity in the workings of the Rank in detail, and to 
require on the part of all Sections a strict conformity therewith. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. l6l 

ARTICLE V. 

DUTIES OF SUPREME OFFICERS. 

Section I. The Supreme Chancellor, in addition to the duties prescribed 
for him in the Supreme Lodge Constitution, shall have supervision over the 
Endowment Rank and all Sections of the same. He shall issue all war- 
rants as per Article IV. of these laws, and shall supervise the issuance of all 
documents connected with the details of the work of the Rank, and sign 
officially such as require his signature. He shall sign all orders on the Su- 
preme Master of Exchequer, drawn in accordance with the laws of the En- 
dowment Rank, in payment of all moneys disbursed under the provisions of 
said Rank. He shall have power, in times of epidemic, to prohibit the ad- 
mission of members into Sections located in affected districts. 

Sec. 2. The Supreme Vice Chancellor, in addition to the duties prescribed 
in Article III., Section 3, of the Supreme Lodge Constitution, shall, if occasion 
requires, discharge the duties specified above for the Supreme Chancellor. 

Sec. 3. The Supreme Keeper of Records and Seal shall prepare and 
attest all warrants for Sections of the Endowment Rank issued by the Su- 
preme Chancellor, keeping a register of the warrants so issued. And at each 
session of the Supreme Lodge, he shall present a printed report of the num- 
ber of Sections of the Endowment Rank, and perform such additional duties 
as may be required in connection therewith. 

Sec. 4. The Supreme Secretary of the Endowment Rank shall keep a 
register of the warrants issued, corresponding with that kept by the Supreme 
Keeper of Records and Seal. He shall keep a separate register for each 
class of members of the Rank, and a separate register for those who have 
entered the first and second classes. Said register shall exhibit the name of 
each member, his age, residence, number of his Section, name and num- 
ber of the Lodge to which he belongs, corresponding in numerical order 
to the certificates of membership issued ; and upon said register shall be 
noted all suspensions, resignations, reinstatements, deaths, and transfers of 
membership from one Section to another, as reported by the secretaries 
of Sections. He shall prepare and issue all blank applications for mem- 
bership, and all blank notices, and other forms prescribed by the laws of 
the Rank, or that may become necessary in prosecuting the business of the 
Rank. He shall keep an account with each Section of the Endowment 
Rank, charging it with assessments when made, and crediting it with 
them when paid, as well as with the fees for membership application. He 
shall also keep an account with the Supreme Master of Exchequer, in 
each class of the endowment and the expense funds, charging him with all 
moneys paid to him, and crediting with all orders drawn upon him, specify- 
ing in each order the fund against which it is drawn. He shall report at 
least semi-monthly to the Supreme Master of Exchequer, and transmit there- 

14* L 



1 62 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

with all moneys in his hands, stating clearly what part belongs to each class, 
of the endowment or expense funds of the Rank. He shall report monthly 
to the Supreme Chancellor his expenses for office rent, clerk hire, books, post- 
age, stationery, printing, etc., who shall, upon being satisfied of its correct- 
ness, draw an order upon the Supreme Master of the Exchequer for its pay- 
ment. He shall report to the Supreme Chancellor quarterly, the membership 
in each class, and the condition of the finances of each class, and of the ex- 
pense fund. He shall render a full and complete account and report to the 
Supreme Lodge at each regular session, together with such recommendations 
concerning the Endowment Rank as he shall deem wise ; and shall submit 
his books, etc., for inspection whenever required to do so by the Supreme 
Chancellor. He shall have charge of two funds — an endowment fund, made 
up of the sum of one dollar from each and every member of the Rank upon 
his admission, and one dollar from each member at each subsequent assess- 
ment; and an expense fund, made up of the receipts from the sale of sup- 
plies, of the sum of one dollar for each admission fee when one class only 
is applied for, but of fifty cents for each class when the first and second 
classes are applied for, and of the further sum of ten cents from each subse- 
quent assessment. Upon receipt of notice and good and sufficient proof of 
death of a member of either class of the Endowment Rank, he shall, with 
the consent of the Supreme Chancellor, issue an order or orders on the Su- 
preme Master of Exchequer for the amount of the benefit to the parties en- 
titled, and shall transmit the same to the secretary of the Section to which 
the deceased belonged. He shall, however, upon receiving proof of death, 
carefully compare the same with the application for membership filed by the 
deceased ; and if it appear that false statements have been made, or fraud 
practised, he shall report the fact to the Supreme Chancellor, who shall have 
power to investigate, and, w.th the consent of the Board of Control, to with- 
hold payment of the benefit claimed. If, after paying a benefit, there remain 
in the fund belonging to the class of which the deceased was a member, a 
less sum than is sufficient to pay a benefit in that class, the Supreme Secre- 
taiy shall immediately notify the secretary of each Section to collect and for- 
ward to him an assessment of $1.10 from each member of said class, which 
must be paid within thirty days. He shall keep a register of the members 
of each Section, noting thereon all suspensions, resignations, reinstatements, 
and deaths. He shall keep an assessment roll book for each class, showing 
the number of assessments and date when made, the number of members 
liable to e^ch assessment, and the amount due from each Section. He shall 
keep transfer registers, noting thereon all changes of beneficiaries, and the 
date and number of the new certificate issued. He shall keep a death reg- 
ister in each class, showing the name of the deceased brother, his residence, 
the number of his Section, the name and number of the Lodge to which he 
belonged, the. date and his age when admitted to the Rank the date and cause 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK, 1 63 

of his death, the name or names of his beneficiary or beneficiaries, to whom the 
benefit was paid, and the date when paid. He shall be a member of the Su- 
preme Lodge and of the Endowment Rank, and be elected at the time, in the 
manner, and for the period prescribed for Supreme Lodge officers. For use in 
his official correspondence, he shall be authorized to adopt a letter-head, sim- 
ilar in design to that now used by the Supreme Master of Exchequer, insert- 
ing the words " Supreme Secretary " in lieu of the words " Supreme Master of 
Exchequer." He shall receive such compensation, payable out of the expense 
fund of the Endowment Rank, as the Supreme Lodge may, from time to 
time, determine. Before entering upon the discharge of his duties, he shall 
enter into and acknowledge a bond in the penalty of fifty thousand dollars, 
payable to the Supreme Lodge Knights of Pythias of the World, with sure- 
ties deemed sufficient by said Supreme Lodge, and conditioned for the faithful 
discharge of his official duties as Supreme Secretary of the Endowment Rank. 

Sec. 5. The Supreme Master of Exchequer shall, in addition to the duties 
prescribed by the Supreme Lodge Cons:itution, have charge of all funds be- 
longing to the Endowment Rank, except investments in charge of the Board 
of Control. He shall receive from the Supreme Secretary all moneys for 
snid Rank, be the same for assessments, membership fees, supplies, or other- 
wise, and shall credit the same to the proper account. He shall pay all 
orders drawn upon him by the Supreme Chancellor, attested by the Supieme 
Secretary, if there be in his hands a sufficient sum of money belonging to the 
fund or class against which said order is drawn. He shall keep a cash ac- 
count for each class of the Endowment and expense funds of the Rank. He 
shall report to the Supreme Chancellor quarterly the amount received and 
disbursed, and the amount on hand, if any, in each class of the Endowment 
and expense funds of the Rank. He shall make a monthly report to the 
Supreme Chancellor of his office rent, clerk hire, postage, etc., for the pay- 
ment of which, when approved, the Supreme Chancellor shall draw an order, 
attested by the Supreme Secretary, upon the expense fund. He shall make 
an annual report to the Supreme Lodge when in session, and when not to the 
Supreme Chancellor. He shall submit his books, etc., for inspection by the 
Supreme Chancellor, or the Trustees of the Supreme Lodge, whenever re- 
quired so to do. For his services to the Endowment Rank, he shall receive 
such compensation, payable out of the expense fund of said Rank, as the Su- 
preme Lodge may, from time to time, determine. Before entering upon the 
discharge of his duties, he shall enter into, and acknowledge a bond, in the 
penalty of one hundred thousand dollars, payable to the Supreme Lodge 
Knights of Pythias of the World, with sureties deemed sufficient by said Su- 
preme Lodge, and conditioned for the faithful discharge of his duties in con- 
nection with the Endowment Rank. 

Sec. 6. The Medical Examiner-in-Chief shall be a member of the En- 
dowment Rank ; he shall be appointed by the Supreme Chancellor, and shall 



164 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

serve until the close of the current biennial term, or until his successor is 
duly appointed. He shall keep a complete register of all applications passed 
upon by him, together with his final action. The necessary books for such 
register shall be furnished by the Supreme Secretary of the Endowment 
Rank. Such register shall at all times be subject to the inspection of the 
Supreme Chancellor, or the Endowment Committee. 

ARTICLE VI. 

BOARD OF CONTROL. 

Section i. The Supreme Chancellor (who shall be ex-officio chairman) 
and two members of the Supreme Lodge, who are also members of the En- 
dowment Rank, and who shall be appointed by the Board of Trustees of the 
Supreme Lodge, shall constitute a Board of Control. Said Board shall decide 
such questions of doubt and irregularity as may be submitted to it by the Su- 
preme Chancellor, the Supreme Secretary, or the Supreme Master of Exchequer. 

Sec. 2. The Board of Control shall have the power to annul any certifi- 
cate of endowment when, upon investigation, they find the said certificate 
has been secured by misrepresentation or fraud, and perform such other duties 
as the Supreme Lodge may from time to time prescribe. 

' ARTICLE VII. 

AMENDMENTS. 

These laws may be altered or amended at any regular session of the Su- 
preme Lodge Knights of Pythias, by a two-thirds vote. 

CONSTITUTION 

FOR SECTIONS OF THE ENDOWMENT RANK. 

ARTICLE I. 

NAME, MEETINGS, QUORUMS, ETC. 

Section I. Each Section shall be known as Section No. , of the 

Endowment Rank of the Knights of Pythias. 

Sec. 2. A meeting shall be held in December of each year, at such time 
and place as may be fixed by the By-Laws. Special meetings, when neces- 
sary, may be held upon the call of the President, at his own will, or at the 
request of two members of the Section. 

Sec. 3. Not less than three members shall constitute a quorum. In the 
absence of both President and Vice-President, any member may be called to 
preside. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 1 65 

Sec. 4. Each Section shall elect as Medical Examiner a practising phy- 
* sician, who shall, if practicable, be a member of the Endowment Rank, and 
who must be a graduate of a regular medical college. The fee for each ex- 
amination shall be fixed by the Section, and must be paid by the applicant at 
the time of the examination. 

Sec. 5. If, by reason of sickness or other disability, the Medical Exam- 
iner be unable to discharge his duties, they may be performed by any other 
regular physician who may be selected by the President. The fact of such 
disability and selection shall be certified by the President, under the seal of 
the Section, and be attested by the Secretary ; and such certificate shall ac- 
company the Medical Examiner's certificate. 



ARTICLE II. ■ 

APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP. 

Section i. Each application for membership must be addressed to a Sec- 
tion of the Endowment Rank. It must be accompanied by a certificate from 
the Master of Finance of the Lodge to which the applicant belongs that he 
is not in arrears for dues, and by a medical certificate from the physician 
designated, as provided in Sections 4 and 5 of Article I. of this Constitution. 
Such medical examination must be made within a period not greater than 
sixty days prior to the issuance of the endowment certificate. The Presi- 
dent (or, in his absence, the Vice-President) and the Secretary of the Sec- 
tion shall also certify upon such application, that they personally know the 
applicant; that his declarations made therein and to the Medical Examiner 
are true to the best of their belief, and that they recommend him as a proper 
person to receive an endowment certificate. A fee of three dollars, if for 
one class, four dollars, if for two classes, and six dollars, if for three classes, 
must accompany the application, together with fifty cents for the Medical 
Examiner-in-Chief. 

Sec. 2. Members who have entered but one class, and wish to leave that 
class and enter another, must make application as originally in the same 
Section ; and, if the change be to increase the endowment, must pass a new 
medical examination. A fee of one dollar must accompany said application, 
and said fee and application, with the original certificate of endowment, must 
be forwarded to the Supreme Secretary of the Endowment Rank, who will 
issue a new endowment certificate in lieu of the one returned. Members 
who have entered one class and wish to join another, must proceed as in the 
case of an original application for endowment, depositing with said applica- 
tion a fee of one dollar, and the same shall be forwarded to the Supreme 
Secretary of the Endowment Rank. The fee, in each case herein mentioned, 
shall be credited to the Endowment fund of the class applied for. 



1 66 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



ARTICLE III. 

RESIGNATIONS, SUSPENSIONS, APPEALS, ETC. 

Section i. A member may at any time resign his membership in the En- 
dowment Rank, or either class thereof, provided there are no charges against 
him, financial or otherwise. Such resignation shall cause a forfeiture of all 
amounts paid into, and all claims upon, the funds of the Endowment Rank 
belonging to the class or classes from which said resignation is made. 

Sec. 2. Whenever a member of the Endowment Rank withdraws from 
his Lodge, or whenever his membership therein ceases, from any cause other 
than death, he thereby severs his connection with this Rank, and forfeits all 
his right, title, and interest in and to the Endowment fund; Provided, that a 
member who takes a Withdrawal Card may retain his membership in the 
Section, and his interest in the Endowment fund for a period of six months 
by paying regularly all assessments. Upon the deposit of said card with an- 
other Lodge, he shall at once notify the Secretary of his Section, and shall 
forward to the Supreme Secretary a certificate from the Master of Finance of 
the Lodge in which said card is deposited; and provided further, that if a 
Lodge becomes defunct, and a member thereof, or a member holding a With- 
drawal Card, by reason of age or disability is unable to connect himself with 
a subordinate Lodge, he shall not lose his membership in the Section nor his 
interest in the Endowment fund, so long as he shall regularly pay the assess- 
ment required by law. 

Sec. 3. If a member of a Section is suspended from his Lodge from any 
cause, and an appeal is taken from the action of the Lodge, such action 
stands in full force until reversed by the Grand or Supreme Lodge, and 
membership in the Endowment Rank ceases at the time of such suspension. 
Should the action of the Lodge be reversed by higher authority, the standing 
of the member shall be the same as if no action had been taken, and he shall 
pay all assessments made during such suspension and pending said appeal. 
Pending said appeal, assessment notices shall be sent regularly to such 
brother, if he request it, and he shall have the privilege of paying the same 
to the Secretary of the Section. The payment of such assessment shall not 
give the suspended brother any rights in the Endowment Rank. The Secre- 
tary shall receive them at the brother's request and as his agent. They shall 
not be forwarded to the Supreme Secretary, but shall be retained by the Sec^ 
retary of the Section, to be credited to the brother on account of assessments 
due by him upon a reversal of his suspension, or to be returned to him if it 
be affirmed. 

Sec. 4. Upon reconnecting himself with his Lodge or joining another, a 
member may regain his position in the Endowment Rank and his interest in 
the fund, by making a new application, with the admission fee enclosed, 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. l6? 

passing a new medical examination, and paying all arrearages against him at 
the time of suspension. 

Sec. 5. Every member, in case of removal or protracted absence from 
home, shall notify the Secretary of his Section. 

Sec. 6. Each Section may provide by by-laws a code of procedure, not 
inconsistent with the laws of the Supreme Lodge, by which all charges shall 
be preferred and trials conducted. 

ARTICLE IV. 

FEES, CLASSES, ETC, 

Section i. Of the amount, three dollars paid by each member as admis- 
sion fee for one class, two dollars shall be paid to the Supreme Secretary, 
(one dollar for the expense fund, and one dollar for the endowment of said 
class,) and the remaining one dollar shall be retained in the treasury of the 
Section for general expenses. If the application be for two classes, three 
dollars, and if for three classes, five dollars must be sent to the Supreme Sec- 
retary. Sections may increase the membership fee as they desire, but the 
minimum fee of three dollars for one class, four dollars for two classes, and 
six dollars for three classes, must be collected of each applicant. Secretaries 
will also collect from new members and members applying for additional 
class or classes, one dollar and ten cents for each class, to be held in surplus 
to meet the first assessment to which they may become liable. 

Sec. 2. The members of the Endowment Rank shall consist of three 
classes, designated as first, second, and third. Any member of the Order, 
possessing the legal qualifications, may connect himself with one or more of 
said classes. One thousand dollars shall be the maximum benefit in the first 
and third classes respectively, and two thousand dollars the maximum benefit 
in the second class. When there are less than one thousand members in the 
first class or the third, the benefit accruing therefrom shall be one dollar for 
each and every member thereof; and when there are less than two thousand 
members in the second class, the benefit accruing therefrom shall be one 
dollar for each and every member thereof. The funds paid by the members 
of each class shall be held separately and distinctively one from the other. 

Sec. 3. Each application for membership, reinstatement, or additional 
class or classes, must clearly designate the class or classes applied for. Said 
application must be at once sent by the Secretary of the Section, with fifty 
cents to the Medical Examiner-in-Chief, who shall endorse thereon his ap- 
proval or disapproval, and return it to the Secretary from whom it came. If 
it be approved, the Secretary shall, after the obligation shall have been ad- 
ministered to the applicant, certify the fact on said application and forward 
it with the legal fees to the Supreme Secretary. The Supreme Secretary 
shall (unless, in his opinion, the said application requires reference to the 



1 68 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Board of Control), immediately issue a regular certificate of membership in 
the Endowment Rank, for each class desired, signed by the Supreme Chan- 
cellor and Supreme Keeper of Records and Seal, and countersigned and 
registered by himself, specifying the class to which the holder belongs and 
the amount of endowment or benefit to which, at the death of the holder, 
the beneficiary named in said certificate or in the membership application 
shall be entitled. If said application be disapproved by the Medical Exam- 
iner-in-Chief, the Secretary of the Section shall at once notify the applicant, 
and shall return to him the fees paid, less the amount forwarded to the Med- 
ical Examiner-in-Chief. 

Sec. 4. Upon the death of a member of a Section, the Secretary shall 
immediately forward to the Supreme Secretary official notice thereof. 

ARTICLE V. 

GRADED CLASS. 

Section 1. In addition to the three classes specified in Section 2 of Ar- 
ticle IV. of this Constitution, there shall be a class of endowment designated 
as the fourth class. In said class the benefit to be obtained may be one thou- 
sand dollars, two thousand, or three thousand, at the option of the applicant. 

Sec. 2. Knights of Pythias, in good standing, who, at the time of making 
application, are not members of the Endowment Rank, may obtain member- 
ship in the fourth class, in the manner provided for the other classes, the ap- 
plication to designate clearly the amount of endowment desired. Former 
members of the Endowment Rank, who may have withdrawn from one or 
more of the other classes, or who may have been suspended therefrom for 
non-payment of dues or assessments, may be admitted to this class without 
reinstatement into the class or classes with which they were formerly con- 
nected, by passing a new medical examination and paying the fee required 
by Section 4 of this Article. 

Sec. 3. Members of one or more of the other classes shall, upon applica- 
tion, which must be made within one year from the date of promulgation of 
this Constitution, and upon the surrender of their certificate or certificates, be 
entitled to a transfer of their membership to the fourth class, without the pay- 
ment of any fee and without passing a new medical examination, except in 
cases where the amount of endowment is increased, and shall be graded 
as of their age at the time of original entry into the Endowment Rank (the 
class corresponding to the amount of their endowment in the fourth class). 
In cases in which the amount of endowment is increased, the applicant shall 
pass a new medical examination, pay the fee for additional class or classes as 
prescribed in Section I, Article IV., and in addition thereto the applicant 
shall pay the Medical Examiner for his services, and fifty cents for the Medi- 
cal Examiner-in-Chief. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 



169 



Sec. 4. The fee for membership to be charged those who are not already 
members of the Endowment Rank, shall be two dollars for each and every- 
one thousand dollars of the endowment applied for, and shall in all cases 
accompany the application. In addition to the said fee the applicant shall 
pay the Medical Examiner for his services, and fifty cents for the Medical 
Examiner-in-Chief. 

Sec. 5. The endowment fund for the payment of benefits in the fourth 
class shall be derived from monthly payments by each member, said pay- 
ments to be for each one thousand dollars of endowment, and to be graded 
according to the age of the member at the time of making application, ex- 
cept as provided in Section 3 of this Article, and his expectancy of life, the 
age to be taken at the nearest anniversary of his birthday. So much of such 
monthly payments as shall equal the actual cost of the endowment shall con- 
stitute the endowment fund, and the residue of such monthly payments shall 
be placed in a reserve fund. Said monthly payments shall be based upon 
the average expectancy of life of the applicant, and shall continue the same 
so long as his membership continues. The said monthly payment for en- 
dowment and reserve shall be according to the following table : 



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'S 



170 The knights of Pythias 

Sec. 6. Until one monthly payment- by members holding an equal amount 
of endowment, less the amount placed in reserve, shall be sufficient to pay 
the amount of endowment held by a brother, the benefit to be paid in case 
of death shall be a sum equal to one payment by each member holding an 
equal amount of endowment, less the amount to be placed in reserve. 

Sfc. 7. The reserve fund, consisting of the membership fees and the 
parts of monthly payments as provided by Section 5 of this Article, shall be 
in the keeping of the Supreme Master of Exchequer, and so much thereof 
as may not be needed for the payment of the expenses of this class, shall be 
invested by him under the superintendence of the Board of Control. 

Sec. 8. The expense of conducting the business of the fourth class shall 
be paid out of the reserve fund. 

Sec. 9. A member holding an endowment certificate in the fourth class, 
and desiring to change the amount of such endowment, shall proceed as in 
the case of an original application : Provided, That if such change decrease 
the amount of his endowment he need not undergo a new medical examina- 
tion. Upon the return of the new application and the surrender of the old 
certificate, the Supreme Secretary will issue a new endowment certificate as 
applied for. 

Sec. 10. All the laws, forms, and business details of the Endowment 
Rank, heretofore made or hereafter enacted, shall apply with full force to the 
fourth class and the members thereof, so far as they are applicable thereto, 
and so far as they are not changed by the provisions of this Article. 

ARTICLE VI. 

OFFICERS AND THEIR DUTIES. 

Section i. The officers of a Section shall be a President, Vice-President, 
and Secretary. They are the representatives and agents of the Sections, and 
in no sense of the Supreme Lodge. 

Sec. 2. The officers shall be elected annually at the stated meeting in 
December, and shall enter upon the discharge of their duties on the 1st day 
of January following : Provided, however, that the Secretary shall first enter 
into bond as hereinafter provided. Any member in good standing shall be 
eligible to any office in the Section. 

Sec. 3. The President shall preside at all meetings of his Section. He 
shall call special meetings, whenever, in his judgment, the interest of the 
Section requires it, or whenever requested so to do by two members. He 
shall see that the laws of the Endowment Rank are complied with by the 
officers and members of his Section. He shall administer the obligation of 
the Rank to all applicants for membership, who, under the laws of the En- 
dowment Rank, shall be entitled thereto. He shall sign and certify to the 
correctness of all remittance blanks, and shall supervise the transmittal of all 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 171 

funds to the -Supreme Secretary. He shall present to his Section, at its 
annual meeting, a report of all work done during his term of office, and 
perform all other duties required of him by the laws of the Endowment 
Rank. 

Sec. 4. The Vice-President shall discharge all the duties of the President 
in case of his absence or disability, and perform any specific duties lequired 
of him by the laws of the Endowment Rank. 

Sec. 5. The Secretary shall receive all applications for membership made 
out in proper form and accompanied by the legal fees and the Medical Ex- 
aminer's certificate, and shall forward the same, with fifty cents, to the Med- 
ical Examiner-in-Chief for approval. Upon the return of said application, 
approved, he shall at once inform the President of the Section and the appli- 
cant. When said applicant shall have taken the obligation as required by 
law, the Secretary shall certify the fact on the application and shall at once 
forward it, with the legal fees, to the Supreme Secretary. He shall keep a 
faithful record of the business of the Section transacted in meeting or by the 
authorized officers during recess. The Secretary shall keep a financial ac- 
count with each member of the Section, charging him with each assessment 
immediately upon notification thereof from the Supreme Secretary, and with 
each monthly payment when the same shall be due. He shall receive pay- 
ment of all dues, fees, assessments, and monthly payments from members and 
credit them with the same. He shall notify the Supreme Secretary of every 
failure to pay an assessment or monthly payment when due and payable (the 
limit of grace having elapsed). He shall pay to the Supreme Secretary each 
assessment and monthly payment as promptly as may be after the same shall 
be clue from the Section, and shall notify him upon the proper remittance 
blank of all admissions and reinstatements liable to said assessments or 
monthly payments, and of all deaths, withdrawals, or suspensions to be de- 
ducted therefrom. He shall keep in a book, provided for the purpose by the 
Supreme Lodge, a register of members, which shall contain the name of each 
member of the Section, the name, number, and location of the Lodge to 
which he belongs, his age, residence, post-office address, and the number of 
his certificate or certificates. He shall, upon receipt of notice of an assess- 
ment from the Supreme Secretary, promptly forward the same to that officer 
and give notice to each member of the class in which the assessment is made, 
in the prescribed form, and notify him to pay it within thirty days; and he 
shall perform all other duties required of him by the laws of the Endowment 
Rank. For his services he shall receive such compensation as his Section 
may, from time to time, determine ; but before entering upon the discharge 
of his duties, he shall enter into and acknowledge a bond, in such penalty as 
the Section may prescribe, payable to the President of the Section, with se- 
curity by him deemed sufficient, and conditioned for the faithful discharge 
of his duties as such Secretary, 



172 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



ARTICLE VII. 

LIABILITY OF SECTIONS. 

SECTION I. A Section of the Endowment Rank shall be responsible and 
liable to the Supreme Lodge for all moneys collected on assessments or 
monthly payments by its Secretary which he shall neglect to pay over to the 
Supreme Secretaiy in the time and manner prescribed by law ; and a Section 
neglecting to pay the same to the Supreme Secretary on demand may be sus- 
pended : Provided, that a Section suspended for non-payment of assessments 
or monthly payments, shall be restored by the Supreme Chancellor to good 
standing without subjecting its members to a new medical examination, 
if, within sixty days from date of suspension, such Section shall pay all 
arrearages. 

Sec. 2. After the lapse of sixty days from the date of suspension of a 
Section all or any of the members (not less than three) of such Section can 
make application for reorganizing the same, and if such applicants pay all 
assessments due by them individually, and comply with the requirements of 
Section 3, Article IV., of this Constitution, the Section may be reorganized. 

Sec. 3. Less than three members of a suspended Section can again be- 
come members of the Endowment Rank only by making application to the 
Supreme Lodge or Supreme Chancellor for a clearance card, paying all as- 
sessments, or monthly payments, for a period after suspension not exceeding 
ninety days, and passing a new medical examination ; and then, only after 
the surrender of all properties of the Section to the Supreme Lodge. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

ASSESSMENTS AND PENALTIES. 

Section i. Upon receiving notice of an assessment, each member shall 
at once pay the amount to the Secretary of the Seetion to which he belongs. 
If any neglect, for thirty days after date of notice, to pay said assessment, he 
shall stand suspended from that class of the Endowment Rank for which 
said assessment was made, and shall forfeit all claims upon the Endowment 
Fund belonging to that class, and the fact of such suspension shall be re- 
ported to the Supreme Secretaiy upon the remittance blank, provided that 
any member thus suspended shall have the privilege of regaining his right in 
said class within three months, by passing a new medical examination, and 
paying all assessments that may have accrued tip to the time of reinstatement. 
But when three months shall "have elapsed from the date of suspension, he 
shall be required to pass a new medical examination, and to pay the sum of 
two dollars, in addition to the assessments which may have accrued during 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 173 

the first ninety days after such suspension. All reinstatements, undei this 
and the succeeding section, shall be reported to the Supreme Secretary. 

Sec. 2. Monthly payments by members holding certificates of endowment 
in the fourth class, shall be due, and payable without notice, on the first day 
of each and every month ; and a failure to make such payment on or before 
the tenth day of the month shall subject a member so failing to the penalty 
and forfeiture prescribed in the preceding section. Reinstatements may also 
be obtained as therein provided. 

ARTICLE IX. 

BENEFICIARIES. 

Section I. Every applicant for membership in the Endowment Rank 
shall designate in his application some person, or persons, related to or de- 
pendent upon him, to whom the benefit shall be paid when due ; and the 
name or names of the person or persons so designated shall be inserted in 
the endowment certificate. The interest of any person so designated shall 
cease and determine in case of his or her death during the lifetime of such 
member. Upon the death of a member of this Rank, the benefit, as speci- 
fied in the endowment certificate, shall be paid by the Secretary of the Sec- 
tion, as soon as received by him, to the person or persons designated in said 
certificate as entitled thereto. In case of the death of such person or persons 
after said benefit shall have accrued, the same shall be paid to the legal rep- 
resentative of such person or persons. In case of the death of the person or 
persons designated as entitled to such benefit, before the same shall have 
accrued, then it shall be paid to the widow and children of the deceased 
member; and, if there be no widow nor children, nor any of them, then to 
the father and mother, sisters and brothers, share and share alike : Provided, 
that the amount of said benefit shall be held sacred, a legacy to and for said 
legatees, and shall never, under any circumstances, be liable for, nor be ap- 
propriated to the payment of any debts against the estate of said deceased 
member. If none of the persons herein designated as entitled to said bene- 
fit be alive when the same shall accrue, then, and in that case, the liability 
of this Supreme Lodge, by reason of said certificate, shall cease and deter- 
mine. From the person or persons, to whom payments shall be made, in 
accordance with the preceding provisions, the Secretary shall take receipts, 
as prescribed by the Supreme Secretary, for all and every part thereof; and 
shall also take up the certificate of membership in this Rank held by the de- 
ceased, and forward it to the Supreme Secretary for cancellation. The ben- 
efit shall always be payable within sixty days after receipt of proper proof 
of death. 

Sec. 2. A member desiring to change the name of his beneficiary, shall 
make a written request of the Secretary of the Section, upon a blank to b# 

15* 



174 ? HE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

furnished by the Supreme Secretary ; a copy of such request shall be entered 
on the records, and the original, certified by the President and Secretary, 
under the seal of the Section, shall be sent, together with the certificate origi- 
nally issued, to the Supreme Secretary. The Supreme Secretary shall attach 
said papers to the original application of such member, enter the transfer in 
the book of transfers to be kept for that purpose, and shali thereupon issue to 
such member a new certificate, containing the name or names of the substi- 
tuted beneficiary or beneficiaries. But this section is subject to the proviso 
that no transfer shall be made for any pecuniary consideration, but only upon 
the consideration of natural love and affection. 



ARTICLE X. 

CLEARANCE CARDS. 

Section I. Any member of this Rank changing his residence, and de- 
siring to transfer his membership to another Section, shall be entitled to 
receive a clearance card, by paying all assessments and charges appearing 
against him on the books of the Section. The clearance card is furnished 
by the Supreme Lodge, and must be countersigned by the President and Sec- 
retary of the Section, certifying to the good standing of the holder in the 
Endowment Rank, and to his title to an interest in the endowment fund. 

Sec. 2. A clearance card from a Section shall be good for six months, 
and during this time, unless it be sooner deposited with another Section, the 
Section granting it shall retain the brother's name on its books, and he shall 
keep his dues and assessments, or monthly payments, paid up as if he had 
not received the card. If, at the end of six months, he has not deposited his 
card in some other Section, his membership in the Rank shall cease, and he 
shall lose all title and interest in the endowment fund. If he desires subse- 
quently to reconnect himself with the Rank, he shall be treated in all re- 
spects as a new applicant, except that he need not take the obligation. But 
no application shall be received from him unless all assessments or monthly 
payments charged against him, while his card was in force, have been paid. 

Sec. 3. An application for admission to a Section upon deposit of such a 
clearance card, shall be accompanied by a fee of one dollar, and when a 
member is thus admitted to a Section, due notice thereof shall be sent to the 
Supreme Secretary by the Secretary of the Section in his remittance blank. 

ARTICLE XI. 

PROOF OF DEATH. 

SECTION I. The proof of death shall, in all cases, be made out on the 
blank form now in use, to be furnished by the Supreme Secretary, and shall 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 1 75 

contain an affidavit from the attending physician, if there be one, and from 
such other persons as may be required. 

ARTICLE XII. 

PENALTIES. 

Section I. If an examining physician recommend an applicant for ad- 
mission into a Section of the Endowment Rank, who, by the exercise of 
reasonable care and diligence might know that such applicant will not live 
to the end of his expectancy of life, he shall, if a member of a Section, for- 
feit his membership and all his right, title, and interest to and in the Endow- 
ment Rank ; and, if not a member, he shall be forever debarred from acting 
as a medical examiner for a Section of the Endowment Rank. 

Sec. 2. If the officers of a Section shall recommend a brother for admis- 
sion into the Endowment Rank, who, by the exercise of reasonable care and 
diligence might know that he will not live to the end of his expectancy of 
life, they shall forfeit their membership in the Section and Rank. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

DOCUMENTS and appeals. 

Section I. All documents from Sections relating to the Endowment 
Rank, requiring legislation by the Supreme Lodge, shall be forwarded, under 
a seal of a Section, in time to reach the Supreme Keeper of Records arid 
Seal at least fifteen days prior to the session of that body; and all appeals 
and grievances must be accompanied by one hundred printed or five written 
copies thereof for the use of the Supreme Lodge. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

SECTION BY-LAWS. 

Section I. Each Section shall have the right to make by-laws for its 
own government, not inconsistent with these laws ; and may provide, in ad- 
dition to the one dollar received from each admission fee, such further revenue 
as may be necessary to cover the expenses (if any) of its meetings, etc. Neg- 
lect or refusal to pay as required in such by-laws may subject the delin- 
quent member to suspension from the Section, and work a forfeiture of all 
claim to the benefits accruing in this Rank : Provided, however, that no Sec- 
tion shall pass a law creating such suspension and forfeiture by the non-pay- 
ment of dues in advance ; And provided, further, that a member of the En- 
dowment Rank shall be considered in good standing in his Lodge, so far as 
his interests in the endowment fund are concerned, who is not in arrears to 
his Lodge for more than six months' dues. 



176 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



ARTICLE XV. 

AMENDMENTS. 



The provisions of this Constitution may be altered or amended at any reg- 
ular session of the Supreme Lodge by a two-thirds vote. 



Introduction of the Endowment Rank. 

This insurance feature was organized by the Supreme Lodge 
of the World, Knights of Pythias, at the Cleveland session, in 
August, 1877, in response to a strong and pressing demand from 
the Southern Knights. Under the wise, just, and economic ad- 
ministration of our present Supreme Master of Exchequer, the 
Endowment Rank has become popular and strong, and is now 
a very important factor in the Pythian Order. He makes the 
following suggestions in relation to this valuable feature, to wit : 

Indianapolis, Ind., October 17, 1883. 
Hon. Jno. Van Valkenburg, S. V. C, Fort Madison, Iowa. 

Dear Sir and Brother : Your favor of the 14th inst. at hand. My last 
quarterly statement shows : 

11,546 certificates in force in the first class at $1,000 00=$ 11,546,000 00* 

14,834 " " second " 2,000 00= 29,668,000 00 

397 " " third " 400 00= 158,800 00 

Total $41,372,800 00 

My last quarterly statement also shows that up to October 1, . 

1883, I have paid in benefits the sum of $1,877,348 00 

I have paid since October 1. 25,390 00 

$1,902,738 00 

The first benefit was paid February 18, 1878, to Henry Hope, of Section 
61, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., $1,517.00, and was the only one that did not receive 
the maximum endowment. 

Warrants have been issued /or 629 Sections ; from four we have no report 
as yet of their institution ; sixty-two have been suspended, generally through 
the dishonesty and incompetency of the Secretary and Treasurer, leaving 563 
in active work. The Endowment Rank has been in existence now five years 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 177 

and ten months ; during that time 52 assessments have been paid in the first 
class; in the second class 1 10 assessments have been paid, or on an average 
cost per $1,000 each year of $10.37. 

The Special Committee on Endowment, which you met in Baltimore, were 
desirous of carrying out the wish of the Supreme Lodge so decidedly ex- 
pressed at the last session, of abolishing the Section system, but we were unable 
to place anything practicable in its place ; we therefore concluded to recom- 
mend the retention of the Sections, but prune it of the objections urged against 
it. The officers of a Section will be only a President, Vice-President, and 
Secretary. Section meetings are held once a year for the election of officers, 
or when necessary. 

I told the Committee to take into consideration the fact of my connection 
with the Supreme Lodge ending with its next session, and suggested that the 
labor of the office of S. M. of E. be divided between that officer and the S. K. 
of R. and S., as it was first intended ; but Jos. Dowdall positively refusing to 
have anything to do with the Endowment Rank, "compelled the Committee then 
to throw the whole work into my hands. I was appointed a committee of one 
to make the division, and did so, and reported to the Committee next morn- 
ing, when Judge Lindsay suggested that the S. K. of R. and S. had as much 
to do as he could properly tend to ; the Committee then agreed to recommend 
the election of a Supreme Secretary of the E. R. [The expenses of the E. R. 
will in the next few years double, if not treble, from what they have been 
under my management, for which I have received the condemnation of the 
Supreme Lodge.] 

The graded assessment was referred to a committee of one (myself). I 
have laid down the following rules for my guidance. 

♦ 1. It must be permanent. A brother on becoming a member of the Rank, 
and paying his assessments from time to time, must be able to sleep soundly 
over his investment; he must be assured that, no matter when it may please 
our Heavenly Father to call him from his labors here below, that the provision 
he has thereby made for his loved ones will not fail them. The consequence 
to the Order — if the endowment, from any cause, should fail — cannot be fully 
foreseen ; it will at least greatly embarrass, if it does not prove disastrous to, 
the Order. 

2. It must be just and equal to all; the burden must be proportioned to the 
risk, based upon a proper estimate of life's probabilities ; or, in other words, 
each member must pay his just proportion to the Endowment fund, in accord- 
ance with his age or expectancy of life. 

3. Members of our Order must be able to enter the E. R. at any time upon 
full equality with the members of the Rank of the same age ; no discrimina- 
tion must exist. 

4. It should be uniform in its requirements, as near as possible ; the assess- 
ments should not increase with the increasing age of the Rank ; so that new 

M 



I78 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

members will not be compelled to pay increased assessments on account of 
the increased mortality among the older members. 

5. It should furnish an endowment to our brothers at as near the actual 
cost as possible ; expenses must be kept at the minimum. 

Keeping the foregoing in view, I have had two plans under consideration. 
The first is a flexible graded assessment plan, under which each member of 
the Rank pays each year the exact cost of his endowment for that year only, 
and as he increases in age the amount of his assessments increases. 

This plan has the advantage of inviting young members of our Order to 
join the E. R., on account of its cheapness to them, that do not take the 
future into consideration; it also obviates the necessity of a reserve fund, 
objectionable in the minds of many brothers. The only objection to it is, 
that it increases the amount of the assessments when our brothers are least 
able to pay them. Members, who may have struggled half a lifetime or 
longer to make some provision for their families to secure them from suffering 
and want, will find themselves unable, by reason of old age or disability, to 
pay the constantly increasing assessments ; not only lose all they have paid, 
but also lose the very provision they had fondly hoped to have made for their 
loved ones, and finally retire to rest with sorrow and an aching heart that 
their loved ones will be objects of charity. 

The second is a fixed graded assessment plan. Under this plan the assess- 
ments are fixed in accordance with the age of the brother at the time he enters 
the E. R., and are not increased, but remain the same during his lifetime. 
This mode of assessment, in order to be equitable, must be based upon a 
member's average expectancy of life : To illustrate, a member enters the E. 
R. at the age of 21 years, when he has an expectancy of life of 42 years, 
making 63 years at the end of his expectancy of life. His endowment, 
based upon the American tables of mortality of $1,000, costs, in monthly pay- 
ments, at the age of 21 years, 50 cents; at the age of 63 it has increased to 
$2.15, or on an average during his expectancy of life 85 cents. This should 
be the fixed graded assessment at the age of 21 years, and others in propor- 
tion to their age. 

From the foregoing exhibit it is apparent that brothers entering the E. R., 
at any age, at first pay more than the actual cost of their endowment, and 
continue to do so until the cost of their endowment equals their assessments ; 
after that time a member pays less than the actual cost. If the whole amount 
so collected is used to pay current death losses, the assessments will be 
abnormally less or few in number at first, and for some years afterwards, or 
until the cost of the endowment and assessments are balanced ; after that 
time assessments will continue to increase, accelerated by the constantly 
increasing mortality consequent upon increasing age. This is inevitable with 
Fixed assessments, graded or otherwise. To relieve our members from those 
constantly increasing assessments, and to make them (assessments) as near 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK 1 79 

uniform as possible, I recommend the formation of a Reserve Fund, into 
which all parts of assessments over and above the actual cost of the endow- 
ment are placed, and out of which the benefits of our members who have 
reached or passed the expectancy of their life are paid. 

If the foregoing does not satisfy you under the term suggestion, it must be 
attributed to my inability to comprehend the full import of the word. The fore- 
going requires a great deal of careful calculation and study, and crowds me 
greatly in my other regular endowment work. 

There was strong opposition to the introduction of the En- 
dowment Rank, but it has steadily gained in favor, until 
nearly all well informed Knights yield it their support and 
influence. 

Hon. John P. Linton, our present very able and distinguished 
Supreme Chancellor, pays this branch the following beautiful 
tribute : 

Gradually and slowly the Order is gathering and garnering the experience 
of years and adding to the efficiency, economy, and security of this Rank. 
Though formulated with great care and earnest study at the outset, it was 
necessarily imperfect. At each session of the Supreme Lodge, since the Rank 
was organized, that body has sought by wise legislation to improve its work- 
ing. That much remains to be done no one will deny ; that much has been 
done to secure the Supreme Lodge from imposition, and the brethren from 
undue assessments, no one conversant with the facts will hesitate to admit. 
Among the agencies adopted to secure these ends, the Supreme Lodge at its 
last session provided for the preparation and promulgation of a new applica- 
tion blank. Experience will doubtless develop (indeed has already developed) 
some remediable errors in this, but that it is better adapted than the old one 
to prevent the acceptance of undesirable risks is believed to be universally 
conceded. Perhaps at first the effect of the introduction of this blank was to 
retard for a short time the formation of new Sections, and the reception of 
individual members, but the membership soon adapted themselves to the new 
order of affairs, and a constant and accelerated flow of most desirable mem- 
bers is now seeking the advantages of this branch of the Order. This re- 
sult shows that the true means to secure the success and perpetuity of this 
Rank, is to place it upon a sound business basis; conduct it upon sound bust- 
ness principles, and thus secure to the brethren a perfectly safe life insurance 
at the minimum cost. To do this, purely humanitarian sentiments must be 
abandoned, and a due regard be paid to the treasured experience of the past. 
And every "new departure" should be wisely and maturely considered, and 
should be the result of such careful consideration, and not the result of mere 
impatience at some of the real or fancied defects of the existing system. 



l80 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

The Totals found in the Report of the Supreme Master of Exchequer show 
how large has been the bounty distributed through the agency of this Rank, 
and an examination of the report itself will show how far-reaching has been 
its beneficence. In every Grand Jurisdiction, and in many localities besides, 
the widow and the orphan have had occasion to bless an Order which has so 
wisely provided for their relief in the time of trouble. The figures of the 
Report also disclose the fact that though an aggregate of $1,902,738 has been 
disbursed as death benefits by the Supreme Master of Exchequer, since the 
institution of the Rank, not one penny has been lost or misapplied, and that 
so economically has he conducted the business of the Rank that, relatively 
to the amount received and disbursed, and to the expenses of other similar 
institutions, the E. R. of the Knights of Pythias is conducted with less pro- 
portionate expense than any other organization of like character. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 



181 



Tables of the Cost of Insurance in the Endowment 
Rank, etc. 

BY SUPREME MASTER OF EXCHEQUER. 

Condition of the first class, November I, 1883 : 

Total number of certificates issued 15,680 

Certificates in force now 11,562 

Suspensions and resignations 3,588 

Deaths 530 

15,680 

The average age of the members of the first class is 40.5 years. 
Progress of the first class from year to year, ending with November 1, 
1883 : 





w 


to* 


Q 


2 


w 


fa 




fa 


« 




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H 


w 


W a! 


H . 








H 


Date. 


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- ~ 


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to D 


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in 
Z, 




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fa 5P 

— to 
H < 


C w 

fa - 
U < 


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H 


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u a 






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Oh J 


0, J 


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H 


U 


PLh 


Q 


Oh 


< 


August 1st, 1878. 




3273 






13 




2 






. " 1st, 1879. 


3258 


3087 


66 


6411 


348 


5-4 


40 


O.62 


8 


" 1st, 1880. 


6023 


3707 


150 


9880 


5i7 


5-2 


75 


O.76 


8 


" 1st, 1881. 


9288 


2208 


Q6 


1 1 592 


1 001 


8.6 


108 


o-93 


11 


" 1st, 1882. 


10483 


2041 


187 


12711 


1087 


8.5 


125 


0.98 


11 


April 1st, 1883. 


1 1 499 


748 


192 


12439 


843 


6.8 


8o 


0.71 


8 


November 1st, 1883. 


1 1 507 


616 


155 


12278 


625 


5-i 


9 1 


0.77 


6 




1 1 562 


15680 


846 




4434 


39- 6 


53o 


0.477 










Reinstatec 


1, 846 
















Net lapses 


,3588 


6.6 2 


iv'ge. 


0.8 a 


v'ge. 



The statement below is prepared from the table on p. 172, and shows our 
experience in the first class, during the past six years, in groups of years, 
for more ready comparison. 



Years. 


to 
w 

£5 w 

- « 

as 


(A 

z 


CO 

Z 

fa 

tn 

D 


a a 
u w 

PLi 

fa (/) 
fa D 

a, w 


Per cent, of 

suspensions in 
proportion to 

MEMBERS. 


en 

E 
H 
< 
fa 

Q 


fa 


« < 
U Ed 

fa Q 

fa 
Ph 


Per cent, of 
death in pro- 
portion to 

MEMBERS. 


2i to 40 inclusive 
41 to 50 " 
50 to 60 " 
Over 60. 


6007 

4114 

1226 

215 


2827 
711 
50 


79 
20 

1 


47 
17 
4 


234 
205 

71 
20 


44 
39 
J 3 
4 


3-9° 
4.98 

5-79 
9-30 




1 1 562 


3588 


100 




530 


100 





16 



182 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



The following table shows the number of members in the first class of the 
various ages from 21 to 79 years, the suspensions, resignations, and deaths 
at each age, and the percentage of resignations, suspensions, and deaths. 





& . 


BS 


z 




fa 
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1* 1 

: 




O m 


2§ 


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c in 


c 


l* h2 


H «j 




m S 


1/3 53 

£ K W 


z z 

8«' 


cri 

K 
H 


Z I 

fa h 
u < 




fa W 
W a 


! 

t 

e 


1 3 § 1 


Z 5 

X 1 u < 
H fa 





S 2 


CA Q Z 
& 9 O 




< 


Si Q 

w 





2 w 





^2 W 5 




< 


£ 


^< H 


Ph 


P 


Ph 


< 


£ 


U 


^ H Ph " 


ft P^ 


21 


4 


37 


90 






51 


288 




8 3 


22 


7 


22 


7 


68 


90 


I 


I 


52 


283 




11 4 


12 


4 


23 


39 


95 


71 


7 


15 


53 


213 




5 3 


4 


2 


24 


68 


122 


64 


2 


3 


54 


Il8 




6 5 


8 


6 


2 5 


109 


134 


56 


7 


6 


55 


71 




7 9 


7 


9 


26 


165 


*35 


45 


7 


4 


56 


64 




3 4 


6 


9 


27 


191 


x 53 


44 


12 


6 


57 


49 




5 9 


4 


8 


28 


268 


178 


40 


10 


4 


. 58 


5i 




2 4 


2 


4 


29 


259 


i73 


40 


16 


6 


59 


43 




2 4 


5 


10 


30 


326 


180 


36 


13 


4 


60 


46 




1 2 


1 


2 


3 1 


34i 


175 


34 


15 


4 


61 


28 






1 


3 


32 


407 


174 


3° 


12 


3 


62 


39 






2 


5 


33 


463 


183 


28 


7 


1 


63 


23 






4 


15 


34 


500 


155 


24 


16 


3 


64 


3i 






1 


3 


35 


490 


170 


26 


22 


4 


65 


n 






2 


8 


36 


475 


153 


24 


19 


4 


66 


10 






2 


17 


37 


53i 


149 


22 


11 


2 


67 


13 






1 


7 


3§ 


466 


132 


22 


22 


4 


68 


8 






2 


20 


39 


482 


134 


22 


16 


3 


69 


13 










40 


416 


127 


23 


19 


4 


70 


6 










41 


481 


99 


17 


21 


4 


7i 


6 






1 


14 


42 


430 


117 


21 


3° 


6 


72 


5 






1 


17 


43 


473 


86 


15 


26 


5 


73 


1 






2 


67 


44 


388 


80 


17 


16 


4 


74 


3 






1 


25 


45 


402 


68 


14 


18 


4 


75 


3 












46 


369 


62 


H 


19 


5 


76 


1 











47 


421 


53 


11 


10 


2 


77 










... 


48 


373 


69 


13 


21 


5 


78 













49 


365 


64 


*5 


26 


7 


79 


2 











5o 


412 


13 


3 


18 


4 

















10121 


3538 




439 




1441 
10121 


3 


5o 
538 


61 
439 






11562 


3 


588 


530 





COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 



183 



The following table shows the practicable effect of the graded fixed assess- 
ment plan. The membership of the first class is taken as a basis ; the 
amount of the endowment is $1,000, in monthly payments, and it shows 

1. The age. 

2. The number of members at that age. 

3. The amount available for current death losses the first year. 

4. The amount to be placed in reserve the first year. 

5. The 'amount available for current death losses in five years. 

6. The amount to be placed in reserve in five years. 

7. The amount available for current death losses in ten years. 

8. The amount to be placed in reserve in ten years. 

9. The amount available for current death losses in fifteen years. 

10. The amount to be placed in reserve in fifteen years. 

11. The fixed graded assessments for each year. 



W 
< 


w 


First year mor- 
tuary RESERVE. 


Five years mor- 
tuary RESERVE. 


Ten years mor- 
tuary RESERVE. 


Fifteen years 
mortuary re- 
SERVE. 


Q g 
X In 


1. 


2. 


3. 


4. 


5. 


6. 


7. 


8. 


9. 


10. 


11. 


21 
22 

23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
3° 
31 
32 

33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 

4i 

42 

43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 

49 
5o 
5i 
52 
53 
54 


39 

68 
109 
165 
191 
268 

259 
326 
34i 
407 
463 
500 
490 
475 
53i 
466 
482 
416 
481 
43o 
473 
388 
402 

369 
421 

373 
365 
412 
288 
283 
213 
118 


$1 60 

2 80 

1560 

27 20 

4360 
6600 

7640 

107 20 
103 60 
13040 

15345 
183 15 

20835 

225 00 

220 50 

21375 

265 50 

23300 

241 00 
20800 
24050 
21500 
260 15 
213 40 
241 20 

221 40 

252 60 

24245 

25550 
28840 

216 00 

226 40 

181 05 


$1 20 

2 IO 

II 70 
2040 

3815 

57 75 

7640 
107 20 
103 60 
130 40 
136 40 
183 i5 
20835 
25000 
245 00 
261 25 
26550 
256 30 
289 20 
249 60 
31265 
301 00 
33 1 10 
291 00 
301 50 
295 20 
357 85 
31705 
310 25 
37080 
25920 
26885 
20235 
118 00 


$1 60 
280 
1560 

27 20 

4360 
7425 

8595 

12060 
116 55 
146 70 
153 45 
20350 

23150 
25000 
24500 
23750 
265 00 
25630 
265 10 
249 60 
28860 
258 00 
307 45 
271 60 
281 40 
27675 
33680 
3 x 7o5 
328 50 
39 J 4o 
28800 
311 30 
244 95 
i47 5o 


$1 20 

2 10 

11 70 

20 40 

3815 

49 5o 

6685 

93 8o 

9065 

114 10 

13640 

162 80 

18520 

225 00 

220 50 

23750 

26550 

233 00 

265 10 

208 00 

26455 
258 00 
28380 
232 80 
261 30 
23985 
27365 
24245 
23725 
267 80 
187 20 
18395 
13845 
76 70 


#180 
3i5 
17 55 
30 60 
49 05 
7425 
95 5o 
13400 
129 5° 
16300 
170*50 
203 5° 
25465 
275 00 
294 00 
28500 
31860 
302 90 
337 4o 
291 20 
36075 
344 00 
402 05 
34920 
381 90 
36900 
46310 
42895 
45625 
55620 
417 60 
438 65 
362 10 


$1 00 

i75 

9 75 

1700 

32 70 

49 5o 

57 30 

8040 

7770 

97 80 

119 35 

16280 

16205 

20000 

171 50 
19000 
212 40 
18640 
192 80 
16640 
192 40 

172 00 
18920 
15520 
16080 
147 60 
147 35 
i3o55 
109 5° 
103 00 

57 60 
5660 
2130 
23 60 


$1 80 
3 5o 
19 50 
3400 
54 5o 
82 50 
95 5o 
14740 
14245 
19560 
204 60 
24420 
30095 
35000 
34300 
35625 
42880 
396 10 
43380 
39520 
481 00 
47300 
543 95 
485 00 
54270 
516 60 
61045 
559 5o 
565 75 
659 20 
475 20 
495 25 
38340 
22420 


$1 00 
1 40 
780 
13 60 
2725 
4125 
57 3o 

67 CO 

6475 

65 20 

8525 

122 IO 

115 75 
12500 
122 50 
118 75 
10620 
93 20 
9640 
62 40 
72 15 
43oo 
47 30 
1940 


$070 
70 
70 
70 
075 
075 
080 

80 \ 
080 
080 
085 
090 
090 
095 
095 

1 00 
1 00 
105 
1 10 

I 10 

1 15 

1 20 

125 
130 
135 

I 40 
>i45 
1 50 
155 
1 60 
165 
175 
180 
1 90 





























1 84 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



[Table continued from page /7J.] 



w 

< 
1. 

55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
6o 
6i 
62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 

7 1 
72 

73 
74 
75 
76 
77 
78 
79 


W 

M 
§ 

2. 


First year mor- 
tuary RESERVE. 


Five years mor- 
tuary RESERVE. 


Ten years mor- 
tuary RESERVE 


Fifteen years 
mortuary re- 
SERVE. 


< H 
S 
g " 

-, u 

11. 


3. 


4. 


5. 


6. 


7. 


8. 


9. 


10. 


71 

64 
49 
5i 
43 
46 
28 
39 
23 
3i 
23 
10 
13 
8 

13 
6 
6 
5 
1 

3 

3 

1 

2 


$6745 

6400 

5390 

5865 

53 75 
62 10 
4060 
6045 
3910 
57 35 
4600 
2200 
3120 
2080 
37 05 
i860 
2040 
1850 

400 
1305 
14 10 

5xo 

1660 


$74 55 
7040 

53 9° 
5865 
49 45 
55 20 
35oo 
5070 
2990 
4030 
3105 
1350 

17 55 
11 20 

18 20 
840 
810 
675 
J 35 
405 
405 
1 40 


$9585 

92 80 
75 95 
8670 
79 55 
9200 
6160 
9360 
5980 
8835 
7130 
3400 
48 10 
3200 
5525 
2700 
2850 
2525 

5 35 

17 10 

18 15 

6 50 

1660 


$4615 
41 60 
3185 
3060 
2365 
2530 
1400 
17 55 
920 
9 3o 
5 75 
150 
65 


$142 00 

13440 

10780 

11730 

10320 

117 30 
7560 
III 15 

6900 

9765 
7705 
3550 

4875 

32 00 

5525 

2700 

2850 
2525 

5 35 
17 10 

18 15 

6 50 
1660 




$142 00 
13440 
107 80 
117 30 
103 20 
117 30 
7560 
11115 
6900 
9765 
7705 
35 50 
4875 
3200 
5525 
2700 
2850 
2525 
5 35 

17 10 

18 15 
650 

1660 




$200 
2 10 
2 20 
230 
2 40 
2 55 

2 70 
285 
300 
315 

3 35 
3 55 

3 75 
400 
425 

4 5° 

4 75 
505 

5 35 
5 7° 
605 
650 
700 
7 55 
830 



























































































11562 


$6711 10 
7574 10 


$757410 $825290 
603230 


$6032 30 


1042990 $385530 
3855 30 j 


12709 25 
1575 95 


$1575 95 




14285 20 


1 14285 20 




14285 20 1 


14285 20 





The foregoing table shows that an assessment of our present 
members up to 60 years of age will bring . . . . $6,184 IO 
Or in one year, . . $74,209 20 

I have taken no account of those members over 60 years of 
age, as in all probability they will not go in the graded assess- 
ment system, and no new members of that age can get in. 

The mortality in the first twenty months of our existence was 
62 in 10,000, or in a membership of 11,301, 70, costing in 
benefits, . . . . . . . ... . $70,000 00 

Showing that the graded assessments are sufficient for the purpose 
of meeting our liabilities. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. \%t 

In five years from now one assessment will bring $7,472 45, or 

during a year, $89,869 40 

The mortality for the last seventeen months has been 74 in 

10,000, costing in benefits, $84,000 00 

Showing that the assessment is ample to meet the liability. Even 
allowing that in five years hence our mortality will be the full 
average of our experience during the past six years, or 8 in 
1,000, costing in benefits, . . . . . . . $90,000 00 

the graded assessment is still sufficient to meet the liability. 

With careful selection of risks, and strict medical examination, it is be- 
lieved that the mortality can be reduced, and the Supreme Lodge enabled, 
after an experience of some years (say five), to modify the assessment, or in- 
struct the Supreme Secretary to exempt the members from an assessment 
whenever the surplus funds justifies it ; the exemption should always be to 
the longest contributing members first, and gradually enlarge it as the fre- 
quency of exemption of assessments occurs. 



The following tables are based upon the American Tables of Mortality, 
compared with our own experience for the past six years, making a reason- 
able allowance for the gain from lapses or suspensions. The calculations are 
for an endowment of $1,000, in monthly payments, and show, 

1. The age at which a brother enters the Endowment Rank. 

2. The age at the end of the expectancy of life at the age given. 

3. The flexible graded assessment plan, showing the cost of the endow- 
ment from year to year. 

4. The fixed graded assessment plan, giving the average cost of the en- 
dowment from the age of entering the Endowment Rank to the end of his 
expectancy of life. 

5. The amount to be placed in reserve, under the fixed graded assessment 
plan. 

6. The percentage of mortality at the age given. 

American Tables show a mortality of 0.94 per cent, between 21 and 50 
years; our own experience is only 0.8 per cent, from 21 to 73. 



16* 



1 86 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



6. 


1. 


2. 


3. 


4. 


5. 


1. 


2. 


3. 


4. 


5. 


6. 


0.79 


21 


63 


$0 40 


$0 70 


$0 30 


53 


72 


#0 85 $1 80 


$0 95 


1.60 


0.79 


22 


63 


40 


70 


30 


54 


72 


90 


1 90 


1 00 


1 


74 


0.80 


23 


63 


40 


70 


30 


55 


72 


95 


2 00 


1 05 


1 


86 


0.80 


24 


64 


40 


70 


30 


56 


73 


1 00 


2 10 


1 10 


1 


99 


0.80 


25 


64 


40 


75 


35 


57 


73 


1 10 


2 20 


1 10 


2 


13 


0.81 


26 


64 


40 


75 


35 


58 


73 


1 15 


2 30 


1 15 


2 


30 


0.82 


27 


65 


40 


80 


40 


59 


74 


1 25 


2 40 


1 15 


2 


47 


0.83 


28 


65 


40 


80 


40 


60 


74 


1 35 


2 55 


1 20 


2 


6 7 


0.83 


29 


65 


40 


80 


40 


61 


75 


1 45 


2 70 


1 25 


2 


89 


0.84 


30 


65 


40 


80 


40 


62 


75 


1 55 


2 85 


1 30 


3 


13 


0.85 


3 1 


66 


*5 


85 


40 


63 


75 


1 70 


3 °° 


1 30 


3 


39 


0.86 


32 


66 


45 


90 


45 


64 


76 


1 85 


3 i5 


1 30 


3 


69 


0.87 


33 


66 


45 


90 


45 


65 


76 


2 00 


3 35 


1 35 


4 


01 


0.88 


34 


67 


45 


95 


50 


66 


76 


2 20 


3 55 


1 35 


4 


37 


0.89 


35 


67 


45 


95 


50 


67 


77 


2 40 


3 75 


1 35 


4 


16 


0.91 


36 


67 


45 


1 00 


55 


68 


78 


2 60 


4 00 


1 40 


5 


20 


0.92 


37 


67 


50 


1 00 


50 


6 9 


78 


2 85 


4 25 


1 40 


5 


68 


o-94 


38 


68 


50 


1 05 


55 


70 


79 


3 i° 


4 50 


1 40 


6 


20 


0.96 


39 


68 


50 


1 10 


60 


7 1 


79 


3 40 


4 75 


1 35 


6 


77' 


0.98 


40 


68 


50 


1 10 


60 


72 


80 


3 7° 


5 05 


1 35 


7 


37 


1. 00 


41 


69 


50 


1 15 


65 


73 


80 


4 00 


5 35 


1 35 


8 


02 


1.02 


42 


69 


50 


1 20 


70 


74 


81 


4 35 


5 70 


1 35 


8 


70 


t.05 


43 


69 


55 


1 25 


70 


7 5 


81 


4 70 


6 05 


1 35 


9 


44 


1.08 


44 


69 


55 


1 30 


75 


76 


82 


5 10 


6 50 


1 40 


10 


2 


1. 12 


45 


70 


60 


1 35 


° 75 


11 


83 


5 55 


7 00 


1 45 


11 


2 


1. 16 


46 


70 


60 


1 40 


80 


78 


83 


6 05 


7 55 


1 50 


12 





1.20 


47 


70 


60 


1 45 


85 


79 


84 


6 60 


8 30 


1 70 


13 


2 


1.25 


48 


70 


65 


1 50 


85 


80 




7 20 






14 


4 


131 


49 


7 1 


70 


1 55 


85 


81 




7 95 






15 


09 


1.38 


5o 


7 1 


70 


1 60 


90 


82 




8 70 






17 


4 


i-45 


5i 


7 1 


75 


1 65 


90 


83 




9 60 






19 


2 


1 54 


52 


72 


80 


1 75 


95 


84 




10 60 






21. 1 



The Subordinate Lodge. 

HOW COMMENCED. 

r pHE Subordinate Lodge is generally called the working 
Ledge, from the fact that in it the candidates are initiated, 
proved, and charged ; and through it the money is raised 
with which to carry on the great cause of Benevolence. It never 
consists of less than seven members of the Knight Degree, in- 
cluding one qualified to preside. It must have been chartered 
and instituted by the Grand Lodge of the jurisdiction in which 
it is located, or, in case of there being no Grand Lodge, by the 
Supreme Lodge direct. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXTBOOK. 187 



41 




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O-A 





DIAGRAM SHOWING THE POSITION OF THE OFFICERS AND THE SHAPE OF 
THEIR STATIONS AND THEIR COLORS, VIZ. : 

V. C, blue. P., black. C. C, red. P. C , yellow. 

Should you desire forming a Lodge in your vicinity, the first 
step necessary for you to take is to ascertain how many persons 
can be obtained, who have taken the requisite number of de- 
grees, that are willing to unite with you for that purpose. You 
may do this by private inquiry, or by calling an informal meet- 
ing through the press. Failing to obtain the required number, 
you might be able to get a sufficient number of individuals who 
are not members of the Order to unite with you for the purpose 
of applying for a charter or dispensation. 

Before taking the first step you should be cautious and calcu- 
lating. Cautious as to who you ask to join with you, so that no 
unworthy characters gain admittance to our Order ; or, if there 
are persons who have already attained the exalted position of 
Knight, and have proved themselves unworthy of the name, be 
careful that they do not impose themselves upon you, and gain 
admittance into your young Lodge. Very much is depending 
on the material of the Lodge, especially at starting. Outsiders 
judge the Order by its members, and if you are successful xp 



1 88 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

obtaining persons who are respectable in every sense of the term, 
you will create a good impression ; if you do not, it will be better 
if you let the project drop before the Lodge is instituted. Cal- 
culate carefully whether the expenses of rent, furnishing a room, 
and obtaining the necessary regalia, etc., will not be too great 
for the number of members you will be able to obtain \ whether, 
after paying these expenses, there is likely to be income enough 
to meet the demands for relief. Make haste slowly, and consider 
every step well beforehand. 

PETITION. 

Having fully determined the above points to your satisfaction, 
and secured the requisite number of qualified persons, your next 
step is to petition the proper authorities — the Grand Chancellor, 
if there is a Grand Lodge in your State; if not, the Supreme 
Chancellor — for a Charter or Dispensation. 

The Supreme Lodge requires that the expenses of its officers 
be paid by the petitioners, but many of the State Grand Lodges 
pay the expenses of the instituting officer out of their own funds. 

INSTITUTION. 

The Charter or Dispensation for " the organization" of the 
Lodge having been granted, call upon those whom you wish to 
become members, obtain their names and proposition fee ; but 
be sure that you have carefully ascertained as to their character 
and habits, and that the petitioners are unanimous in favor of 
their admission. One bad member will often ruin a Lodge. 
Have your Lodge-room fitted up neatly and comfortably, and be 
sure that it is secure against eaves-droppers. In purchasing your 
regalia and fixtures see that they are of good material and sub- 
stantial. Don't go beyond your means; it is better to com- 
mence down and go up, than to incur expenses that you cannot 
meet ; or if you succeed in meeting them, to have your means 
for doing good curtailed so as to be practically useless. Select 
your officers, and let the officers and members refresh their 
memories in the work if they are already Knights, so that when 
the time comes they will be prepared to go through the ceremo- 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 189 

nies in a proper manner. These and other duties should be 
arranged in time, so that when the day of institution arrives 
there will be no bustle, no confusion. As soon as the Lodge is 
instituted, elect and appoint the officers before agreed upon; 
appoint the committees to report upon the applicants for mem- 
bership, who should be in waiting. Their characters and quali- 
fications having been thoroughly canvassed before, the commit- 
tee will be ready to report immediately. The officers having 
prepared themselves, the initiation, proving, and charging can 
go on with the same system as in an old Lodge. Everything 
passing off harmoniously and in order, you will recollect the day 
of your institution with pride and pleasure. 

FIRST BUSINESS MEETING. 
At the first meeting after institution it would be well to have 
no initiation, as there will, no doubt, be considerable business 
to transact. Have all the bills against the Lodge made out, 
audited by the proper committee, and ordered to be paid out of 
the first funds received. Provision should have already been 
made for a loan to meet the demands, and it will be necessary 
for the Lodge to assume the responsibility. It may be necessary 
for you to continue the present committees, or appoint new ones 
to procure other requisite supplies. The Chancellor Commander 
should see that the officers fully understand their various duties, and 
thus prepare for the prompt transaction of business in the future. 

OPENING LODGE. 

One of the duties taught by our Order is promptness. Both 
officers and members should bear this in mind, and endeavor to 
be at the Lodge-room punctually at the hour stated in the By- 
laws. By so doing late hours for closing will be avoided, and 
all will be able to return to their families in reasonable time. 

At precisely the appointed hour for the convening of the Lodge 
the presiding officer should see that the officers and members are 
in their appropriate regalia. The proper officer should then exam- 
ine those present, to ascertain whether they are all properly qual- 
ified and entitled to remain. At the signal each member should 



TOO THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

maintain a respectful silence. Pay strict attention to the recital 
of the duties of the various officers, so that you may know what 
is required of them. Besides, you may be called upon to fill va- 
cancies occasionally, and it will be well for you to learn the 
duties of each office beforehand. But should you have every 
charge committed to memory, you ought to show respect to those 
in office, besides setting a good example to new members. Be 
ready to cooperate with the officers in the discharge of their 
duties, so that harmony and peace may prevail. 

The opening ceremonies over, those who have arrived since 
the time of commencement and are waiting outside may be ad- 
mitted, and the Lodge is ready to proceed to business. 

WORK, WITH ORDER OF BUSINESS. 

Sufficient time having elapsed for those in the ante-room to 
work their way in, the Lodge will proceed to business. There 
is no Order of Business prescribed by the Supreme Lodge, but 
many Lodges have adopted the following. As it is general, we 
will designate some of the items coming under each head. 

1. Roll Call. 

i. The name of each officer is called, and the presence or 
absence of each one noted. 

II. Reading Minutes of Previous Meeting. 

i. Should any special or adjourned meetings have been held 
during the week, read them in connection with those of the 
regular meeting. No objections being offered they will stand 
approved as read. 

III. Absentees. 

i . The Secretary will here read the names of the officers who 
were absent at the previous meeting. 

2. He will make a note on the minutes whether the excuses 
offered are accepted by the Lodge, or whether a fine is imposed 
on them for absence. 

IV. Call of Sick Roll. 

i. Announcement of new cases of sickness. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 191 

2. Report of the Relief Committee. 

3. Ordering benefits in favor of those brethren who are enti- 
tled to them, by the Chancellor Commander. 

4. Should any brother need watchers, appoint brethren to 
perform that duty during the coming week, including the next 
Lodge night. 

V. Balloting on Previous Petitions. 

1. Reading of reports of committees on investigation, and 
balloting for each candidate separately. 

2. Balloting for candidates to be proved or charged. 

VI. Conferring Degrees. 

1. Officers and members should take especial care to have 
everything ready, and let each officer be at his post, and perfect 
silence prevail during the conferring of degrees, so that the candi- 
date will be fully impressed with the solemnity of the ceremony. 

VII. Reception of Petitions. 

1. Propositions of candidates received and read. 

2. Accepted, if correct, and committees appointed to investi- 
gate the health, habits, and character of the applicant. 

VIII. Unfinished Business. 

1. Reports of standing committees received and acted upon. 

2. Reports of special committees. 

3. Other business appearing upon the minutes that has been 
laid over from a previous meeting. 

IX. Miscellaneous Business. 

1. Such business as does not come under any of the preceding 
divisions, viz. : communications from the Grand Lodge, from 
sister Lodges, or anything of a miscellaneous character. 

The above or some similar order of business should be ad- 
hered to at all regular meetings, so that everything may be trans- 
acted with as little confusion as possible. If it is necessary to 
depart from it in order to reach some particular business at once, 
a motion can be made to suspend the rules, or to lay on the 
table for the time being each item coming before the one desired. 
When the business thus reached before its turn is transacted, you 



I9 2 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

can return to the regular order again. While system should 
govern all the proceedings of a Lodge, care should be taken that 
brethren do not become cold and formal toward each other. 
Let not anger and dissension arise in your midst, but let respect 
and courtesy govern all your actions. Guard against using sar- 
castic remarks or personalities toward any brother, lest you 
wound his feelings or excite ill-will, but endeavor by every act 
and word to unite all more firmly in the bonds of brotherly love. 
Always take for granted that the brother differing with you, 
intends what is best for the Lodge. 

CLOSING LODGE. 

The business of the evening having been transacted, and suffi- 
cient time having been allowed for any excitement to subside, 
the Lodge will proceed to close. The ceremonies of closing are 
equally as impressive as those at opening, and should be listened 
to attentively by all. You are about to leave the company of 
your brethren and mingle again with the outer world. You 
should put your trust in your Heavenly Father, and ask him to 
shield you from all harm, that you may be able to again meet 
your brethren around the altar of the Lodge-room. 

WORK OUT OF THE LODGE. 

Do not think that when Lodge closes your work is done. The 
work in the Lodge-room is very little when compared with 
that which you are expected to perform outside. It is but the 
preparation-room, where the lessons of charity and benevo- 
lence are instilled into your mind, that you may practise them 
toward your brethren and toward the outer world. It is the 
drill-room, where you are drilled in the manual of moral warfare, 
that you may successfully battle against the immorality and self- 
ishness of the world. If you are an officer, there are many duties 
for you to perform. You are to visit the sick and distressed ; 
the widow and orphan are to be attended to ; they may need aid 
or counsel, perhaps both. It is your duty to see that none suffer. 
If on a committee, you should attend to whatever business is 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 193 

assigned you, and be ready to report at the next meeting of the 
Lodge, or when called upon. But whether you are an officer, 
committee-man, or member, you are to carry the principles of 
brotherly love into your every-day life, and exercise them toward 
your fellow-men. 

FORM OF MINUTES. 

Much depends upon the manner in which the records of a 
Lodge are kept. It is important that they should be correct, 
written in a plain, neat handwriting, and in such a manner that 
any particular business, occurring in the past, may be referred 
to in a moment. In order to do this, the Keeper of Records 
and Seal should have a memorandum or pencil book, in which 
he can take down the proceedings as they occur. After the 
minutes have been approved, let him copy them into the regular 
minute book. It is of the latter we wish to speak in this place. 
The By-laws of the Lodge should be written either in the front 
or back part of the book, the front would be the best, leaving 
enough space to add all amendments or additions that may be 
made. The record of each meeting should commence at the 
head of a page, with the name and number of the Lodge, and 
the date on which the meeting is held. Leave a blank space 
of about an inch and a half at the right side of the page, so that 
you may name the subject of each paragraph. A blank line 
should also be left between each subject. It may take more 
paper, but the time saved in referring back to former proceed- 
ings, will abundantly repay for the small extra outlay. After the 
reading of the minutes of the previous meeting, and their ap- 
proval, place the names of absentees, also the names and ex- 
cuses, if they offer any, of those who were absent at the previous 
meeting, and the action of the Lodge ; you will thus have them 
so that they can be easily found should any question arise as to 
persons having served the required number of nights, or whether 
they have been excused for their absence by the Lodge. It is not 
necessary that every unimportant motion, that is unsuccessful, 
should be recorded ; but every important motion, whether passed 
or not, should be entered upon the minutes, with the action 
17 N 



I $4 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

of the Lodge. Letters and other important papers should be 
mentioned, with their substance and number. The paper itself 
should be folded, numbered, nature and date written on one end, 
and filed away, so that it may be referred to without loss of time. 
The sum total of the receipts for the evening should be embraced 
in the minutes, just before the signature of the Keeper of Records 
and Seal. In no case should the Lodge allow any motion or 
resolution, passed by it, no matter how wrong in spirit or in 
law, to be omitted, changed, or erased. It is a part of the 
records of the Lodge, and must remain so. The Lodge can 
rescind or annul the action if it chooses. In that case both 
should appear upon the minutes. 

SYNOPSIS OF PARLIAMENTARY LAW. 

The Supreme Lodge has decided that Cushing's Manual shall 
be the authority in rules of order, so far as it does not conflict 
with the laws of the Order. Every member should acquaint 
himself with the rules governing legislative bodies, so that he 
may be able to take part in the proceedings of his Lodge. It is 
expected that the officers will study the Manual until they 
become versed therein ; but for the benefit of those members 
who have not the time, and do not wish to make the subject a 
study, we will give a brief synopsis of the principal parliamen- 
tary rules. 

i. It is the duty of the presiding officer to preserve order and 
decorum ; to announce the business of the Lodge in the order in 
which it is to be acted upon ; to receive and submit all motions 
and propositions presented by the members; to put to vote all 
questions which are regularly moved, or necessarily arise in the 
course of the proceedings, and to announce the result ; he may 
speak to points of order in preference to other members, rising 
from his seat for that purpose ; he shall'decide questions of order 
without debate, subject to an appeal to the Lodge ; before giving 
his decision he may, if he choose, take the opinion of other 
members, but when ready to give his opinion no one can deter 
him by claiming the right to be first heard. When two or more 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BO OUT. IQ$ 

members rise to speak at the same time, he shall decide which is 
entitled to the floor. 

2. Every member, however humble he may be, has the same 
right with every other, to submit his propositions to the Lodge, 
to explain and recommend them in discussion, and to have them 
patiently examined and deliberately decided upon by the Lodge. 

3. No member has a right to disturb or interrupt another 
while speaking, except to callhim to order ; nor when a member 
is speaking to pass between him and the Chair, leave the hall, or 
entertain private conversation. 

4. Every member, when he wishes to speak, shall rise and re- 
spectfully address the presiding officer, and, after he has been 
recognized by the Chair, proceed with his remarks. While 
speaking, he shall confine himself to the question under debate 
at the time, avoiding all personality or indecorous language, as 
well as any reflection upon the Lodge or its members. When 
he gives way for another to make an explanation, he cannot 
resume without the consent of the Lodge. 

5. No one shall speak more than once upon the same question 
until all the members wishing to speak have had an opportunity ; 
after that he may speak again by leave of the Lodge. 

6. When a member is called to order by the Chair, he shall 
take his seat until the question of order is determined, when the 
Chair shall direct him to proceed with his speech. 

7. Every question must receive a second, and be stated by the 
Chair before it can be debated. 

8. When a question is before the Lodge no motion can be 
made except to adjourn, to lie on the table, the previous ques- 
tion, to postpone, either indefinite or to a certain day, to com- 
mit, or to amend, which shall severally have preference in the 
order named. 

9. A motion to adjourn cannot be made while a member is 
speaking, neither can a motion to adjourn be renewed until some 
business has been transacted after the first motion for that pur- 
pose. In the absence of any rule to the contrary, a motion to 
adjourn cannot be debated or amended, except when made for the 
purpose of stopping a debate or to suppress a question. A motion 



ig6 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

to adjourn, when not in the regular order of business of the 
Lodge, is usually made in this form: " I move that we suspend 
the order of business, and proceed to close/ ' 

10. When a blank is to be filled, and different sums, numbers, 
or dates shall be proposed, the question shall first be taken upon 
the highest sum or number, and longest or latest date. 

ii. The first person named on a committee shall act as chair- 
man thereof until another is chosen by themselves. 

The above are a few of the essential points necessary to be ob- 
served in the transaction of Lodge business, in order to have the 
proceedings pass off "decently and in order.' ' It will be well 
for officers and members to recollect that — 

"The great purpose of all rules and forms, is to subserve the 
will of the assembly, rather than to restrain it; to facilitate, and 
not to obstruct, the expression of thier deliberate sense.' ' — 
Gushing. 



Duties and Deportment of Knights. 

EACH Knight, when he was admitted, took upon himself an 
obligation to perform certain duties. There are others, 
that are not expressed in words, but which are equally 
obligatory upon every member by virtue of his being a Knight. 
It is upon these that we wish to offer a few remarks in this place. 

LODGE ATTENDANCE. 

Regular attendance at Lodge meetings is a duty that a Lodge 
has a right to expect of every member, when it does not conflict 
with that which he owes to his family or business. There are in 
all Lodges a few zealous members, who, by their lives, show that 
they became members of the Order from their love for the prin- 
ciples it inculcates, and who are willing to do their part in the 
work. These are always present, rain or shine, unless prevented 
by sickness. They do more than their share in the cause. 

There are others, who, for a while, did bravely; they were 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. I97 

present in season and out of season ; their brothers, seeing their 
devotion, elected them to office and conferred the highest honor 
in the Lodge upon them. After they had passed the Chairs 
• their zeal suddenly cooled down ; they stayed away occasionally, 
and ere a great while they did not come at all, except to pay 
their dues, and very often they send them by some one else. 
They forget the principles of the Order, and lose all interest in 
the business of their Lodge. Not that the principles of the 
Order are not the same, or that the business is not equally as in- 
teresting as before. They have accomplished the object for 
which they started, and have no further use for the Order, except, 
perhaps, to get benefits in case of sickness. - Such are generally 
the first to complain if neglected in case of sickness, or if the 
benefits are not paid them the moment they are due. Some, 
again, fail to attend, more from carelessness than from any inten- 
tion to neglect their duty. To those who are absent on account 
of family duties or business, we have nothing to say, only to at- 
tend as often as possible. 

Brethren, it is a duty that we owe to ourselves and to each 
other to be present at the regular meetings of our Lodge when- 
ever it is within our power. It is there that we become more 
familiar and learn to know each other better. Unless we become 
acquainted with the members of our own household it is impos- 
sible to practise that sociability, that friendship towards each 
other of which we boast. There is work for each one to do, and 
those who do not attend impose their share upon those who are 
more faithful to their obligations. There is business to be trans- 
acted, and money to be expended, in which each member has an 
interest. You should be there to assume your share of the 
responsibility ; to give the brethren the benefit of your knowledge 
and experience. Especially is it your duty if you are a Past 
officer, for it was through the kindness of your brethren that you 
obtained the knowledge and experience of the affairs of your 
Lodge. They have honored you ; try and show them that you 
appreciate their kindness. It is no wonder that many outsiders 
have their doubts as to the Order, and many young members 
falter at the start, when they see so many of the older Knights. 
17* 



I98 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

derelict in their attendance. What a grand revival there would 
be in the cause were each member to make it a point to be 
present at each meeting. There would be no complaint then of. 
dull meetings. 

See to it, brethren, that you "neglect not the meeting of your- 
selves together/' and thus become recreant to the principles of 
our institution. 

DUES. 

The prompt payment of dues is a duty that every Knight owes, 
not only to his Lodge, but to his family. It is impossible for the 
Lodge to pay its current expenses, and meet the demands of its 
sick and distressed, without funds. And it is upon the small 
amount due from each member that the Lodge is dependent to 
meet these obligations. We are too apt to think that the small 
sum due from us will make no difference — that three months after 
it is due will be in plenty time. Perhaps it would make no par- 
ticular difference were there only one person to think that way; 
but where there are a number of the same opinion, it may prove 
disastrous to the Lodge. But even if it should not retard the 
business of the Lodge, there are others who have a right to de- 
mand that you keep your dues promptly paid in advance. Your 
wife and children are depending upon you for their support, and 
it is your duty, while in life and health, to make provision for 
them, so that they will not suffer, should sickness or death over- 
take you. "Procrastination is the thief of time/ * # is a trite but 
true saying. We are continually seeing its truthfulness verified in 
our Order. There is scarcely a week that passes but what we hear 
of some brother who has met with an accident or been taken 
sick, and when his name is announced in the Lodge he is found 
to be in arrears with his dues, perhaps only a few days. There 
are but few of our older members who cannot relate some partic- 
ular case of hardship, the result of carelessness on the part of a 
brother in not paying his dues. Brothers, be prompt in attend- 
ing to this matter. Do not wait until the very last night. It 
would be better to have your dues paid a year in advance than 
be a few days behind time, 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 199 

DEBATE. 

Every brother should take some part in the transaction of the 
Lodge business. The Lodge is a school-room, and many young 
men have obtained their first experience in debate and parlia- 
mentary usage at its meetings. Speak whenever you think that 
you can say anything to the point, or wish to express your views 
upon any subject before the Lodge, not for the mere purpose of 
debate or opposition, but to improve yourself and to overcome 
your diffidence. If you do not learn to speak upon the small 
affairs, you will never be able to take part in the discussion on 
weightier questions. Study well the different subjects coming 
up before the Lodge ; and should you take part in their discus- 
sion, see if you cannot throw additional light upon them; clothe 
your ideas in as choice language as is at your command, but do 
not use what are termed big words when there are simpler ones 
with the same meaning. Avoid giving offence to others, either 
on account of their opinion or motives, remembering that all can- 
not see alike, and that every one is entitled to his opinion and 
has a right to be heard. Do not allow your temper to become 
ruffled, but keep cool and collected. You will be better able to 
express your thoughts, and will have a greater influence upon 
your brethren. When you have said all that you can upon a 
subject, take your seat. Do not attempt to repeat your words, 
otherwise you will weary the brethren, and your remarks will lose 
their effect. If you succeed in obtaining an easy and correct 
style of delivery, so that you can speak well and to the point on 
every subject in which you have an interest, you will have 
gained an accomplishment which you will never have cause to 
regret. 

CORRECT WORKING. 

There is nothing of greater advantage for the general promo- 
tion of the interests of the Order, than correct working in the 
Lodge. In order to have correct work, it is necessary for each 
officer and member to understand well what is expected of him, 
and to endeavor to perform his part to the best of his ability. 
There is nothing that disgusts a visitor so much as to visit a 



200 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Lodge during Initiation, or Conferring of Degrees, and see the 
officers read their charges and do everything else in a careless, 
bungling manner. The candidate fails to be impressed with the 
solemnity of the occasion, and, as a matter of course, will not 
be able to realize to the full extent the responsibility that he is 
assuming. The visitors, and even members of the Lodge, stay 
away. This should not be. Members should be careful not 
to elect any one to office who is not fully qualified* no matter 
if he is a "good fellow." Installing officers should require that 
every one be able to deliver the various charges of the office to 
which he is elected before he is installed. Some may urge poor 
memories as an excuse. There are none who cannot commit 
three or four lines a day. Let them do that, and they will be 
astonished to find how soon they will have their charges fully 
committed. The presiding officer should require that each officer 
be prompt in the performance of every duty devolving upon him. 
The opening, closing, conferring of Degrees, and other work will 
then be made impressive and have the desired effect, not only on 
candidates, but upon all who attend. There is nothing that will 
attract brothers to the Lodge-room, or make them feel a pride in 
their Lodge, so much as the performance of the business and 
work without blundering. 

We presume that every Knight is fully impressed with the ne- 
cessity of having the signs, passwords, etc., correct. They are 
the key that unlocks the combination lock. By them he expects 
to gain admittance to his own and sister Lodges, or to prove 
himself when among strangers. He should, therefore, be careful 
to keep himself bright, so that he may be ready to prove that he 
is a Knight beyond a doubt whenever necessary. 

VOTING AND BALLOTING. 

As the business of the Lodge interests all, no member should 
fail to express his views or choice by voting on every subject 
that may arise, especially on the admission of new members. 
No one has the right to avoid his share of the responsibility. 
The secret ballot was instituted to allow each individual the ut- 
most freedom in the expression of his will. It is the strongest 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 201 

guarantee of the Order. No one can rightfully charge another 
with- responsibility for its verdict when the result is contrary to 
his wishes. By it the most timid is enabled to vote as he thinks 
right, without fear of any one betraying his vote to the candi- 
date, or of offending the friends^ of the petitioner. No one 
should fear to use the black ball when he thinks the candidate is 
unworthy. But before doing so, examine well into your objec- 
tions. Be sure that they do not arise from personal spite or 
hatred, or on account of his religion or politics, or because some 
friend of yours has been rejected. He who would employ the 
black ball as an instrument of revenge is unfit to be a member of 
the Order. You have no right to injure the character of a person 
in any way. After examining into your objections, should you 
find that there is nothing against the candidate beyond your own 
personal dislike, do not fail to vote for him ; but if you find that 
he is not possessed of a good moral character, or does not come 
up to the other requirements of the Order, it is your duty to cast 
a black ball. 

The secrecy of the ballot for candidates should be maintained. 
No brother has a right to tell how he voted, for by so doing the 
very object of the secrecy is defeated. 

DUTIES TO SELF, FAMILY, AND OTHERS. 

No one can be a good Knight if he is unfaithful to the duties 
he owes to himself, his family, and to others. He is expected 
to be a good husband, a good father, a good neighbor, and a 
good citizen. Selfishness is one of the great sins of the age, and 
to banish it from the face of the earth is one of the leading 
objects of our association. But there are certain duties that 
every one owes to himself and family, the failure to perform 
which is a sin. He must not neglect his business, or suffer his 
affairs to become embarrassed ; to waste his time in idleness ; or 
to recklessly expose his health. He is bound to look after the 
welfare of his family ; to devote a portion of his time to them. 
He who neglects his wife and children upon the plea of attending 
to Lodge affairs, has failed to profit by the first lessons of the 
Order, and does us an injury instead of good. They have the 



202 . THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

first claim upon his time. Then there are duties which he owes 
to his neighbors and fellow-citizens, irrespective of their connec- 
tion with the Order. He cannot perform these duties unless he 
is law-abiding, and practises the Golden Rule toward all. He 
must be willing to assist his fellow-men in sickness or distress ; 
deal gently with the frailties of others, and endeavor to set them 
an example by his own life and conduct. He must be honest, 
cautious, and prudent in all his transactions ; in a word, he must 
be a gentleman in every sense of the word. 



Committees. 



THERE is a large amount of time saved to Lodges by refer- 
ring important business to committees, and the Lodge, as a 
general rule, coincides with the report of the committee. 
It is very important, therefore, that none but live, active work- 
ers, possessing sound judgment, should ever be placed upon a 
committee ; and if a careless, indolent person gets on, no matter 
what his rank, make him do his share of the work, for no one 
has anymore right to appropriate credit for work that he did not 
do, than he has to take money belonging to another. But the 
presiding officer should be careful not to appoint the same 
brother upon more than one committee at a time. It is a well 
known fact that where a brother has an office or some other duty 
to perform, he always takes a greater interest in the business of 
the Lodge. If you divide the offices and committees, you will 
make two or three work instead of one ; thereby compelling 
them to attend the meetings, and show an interest in the work 
and business of the Lodge. 

GENERAL DUTIES OF COMMITTEES. 

A committee is a miniature assembly, and its business should 
be conducted as nearly as possible in the same manner. The 
Lodge has the right to state the time and place of meeting of a 
committee, but when no directions are given it may select its 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 203 

own time and place; except that it cannot sit during Lodge 
hours without permission. The first person named on a com- 
mittee acts as its chairman, at least until the first meeting, and 
he is generally permitted to do so during the continuance of the 
committee. But as every committee has a right to elect its own 
chairman, the person first named should require them to elect a 
person to that position. This done, the committee should pro- 
ceed to the consideration of the business referred to it. Should 
it be necessary to hold more than one meeting, fix upon the 
time and place, and let each member be prompt in his attend- 
ance. If any fail, the chairman should impress the necessity of 
punctuality upon their minds ; that having no effect, report their 
neglect to the Lodge. No one has a right to waste the time of 
others in keeping them waiting to suit his convenience, or to 
impose upon them his share of labor. When the committee has 
finished the business, and agreed upon a report on the subject 
referred to them, let it be drawn up in a clear and lucid manner, 
so that every one can understand it, and present it to the Lodge 
at its next meeting. 

INVESTIGATING COMMITTEE. 

The duties devolving upon this committee are of more impor- 
tance than those of any other. Especially is this the case in 
large cities, where persons are often proposed, of whom, perhaps, 
no one in the Lodge, except the proposers, has ever heard. In 
such cases the Lodge has to rely to a great extent upon the 
report of the committee ; if they attend to their duty, and 
thoroughly investigate the health, habits, character, and even 
peculiarities of the candidate, and report favorably, he will 
probably make a good acquisition. We say probably, from the 
fact that, with all their caution, committees can be deceived 
occasionally. But if they have been careless, as is too often the 
case, you run a great risk of getting unworthy persons as mem- 
bers who will bring reproach upon the Order. Brothers in their 
desire to propose the greatest number of persons as candidates, 
and Lodges, especially new ones, in their eagerness to increase 
their membership, do not guard the portals of the Order as they 



204 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

should. They forget that strength does not lay in numbers, and 
that one bad member is capable of doing much harm — of even 
breaking up a Lodge sometimes. A man may be the soundest 
of the sound, and the strictest of the strict, so far as health and 
morality are concerned, and yet, by his disagreeable disposition, 
have a Lodge in continual hot water before he has been a mem- 
ber six months. Each member of an investigating committee 
should not only make inquiries of the neighbors, but should see 
the candidate in person. Then, after being satisfied as to the 
health and character of the petitioner, and before signing a 
favorable report, he should ask himself: Has he a good disposi- 
tion? Will he make a good friend and companion? Am I 
willing to associate with him out of the Lodge as well as in it ? 
Am I willing that he shall visit my home when I am sick? or, 
in case of my death, am I willing that he should be adviser or 
counsellor to my bereaved wife and children ? Remember that 
when he is once in the Lodge, he may, in the course of time, act 
in all these capacities. It will be too late after he has been ad- 
mitted, to stop and think of these things. He will then be on 
an equal footing with yourself, and you will be bound to recog- 
nize him as such. If you cannot report favorably, go to the 
brothers who recommended the candidate and give them a 
chance to withdraw his petition. 

COMMITTEE ON FINANCE. 
This committee is generally composed of three members, who 
are appointed by the Chancellor Commander on the night of 
his installation. It is their duty to examine all bills against the 
Lodge to see that they are correct. In order to do this they 
should have a general knowledge of business, that they may de- 
tect any overcharging, and judge whether the work or article 
purchased is what was ordered. They should be punctual in 
attendance, so that the Lodge, and perhaps others, may not be 
put to inconvenience. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK, 



20S 



AUDITING COMMITTEE. 

This committee is appointed on the last meeting night of each 
term, for the purpose of examining the books of the financial 
officers of the Lodge. The members composing it should under- 
stand book-keeping, so that they can discover any error that may 
have occurred, and be able to judge whether the books are kept 
in a systematic manner. They should examine every item," and 
report to the Lodge the exact condition in which they find the 
books. 

COMMITTEE TO VISIT THE SICK. 

This committee usually consists of the Chancellor Commander 
and Vice Chancellor, but in some Lodges others are added. It 
would be well to have five on the committee, besides the prin- 
cipal officers, so as to have one to visit the sick brother each. day. 
Members of the committee should time their visits to suit the 
most convenient hours of the family, and to meet the best, inter- 
vals of the patient. If you are permitted to see the sick brother, 
do not worry him by talking too much, or upon exciting sub- 
jects. Let your conversation be such as to cheer him up and 
make him forget his pain. Do not make your visits too long. 
If the brother is very sick, from three to five minutes is long 
enough. 

TRUSTEES. 

In the choice of no officer in our Subordinate Lodges should 
there be more care exercised than in the election of persons to 
serve as trustees. The standing of a Lodge depends, to a great 
extent, on its financial ability to meet its obligations, and it is an 
established fact that the average amount of Lodge receipts, de- 
grees, and dues, will but barely cover the various expenses, such 
as sick and funeral benefits and current expenses of the Lodge, 
except when the Lodge is young, and its membership young and 
healthy ; and the Lodge that fails to invest its surplus funds in 
its youth, so as to yield an income, will find it hard work to keep 
its head above water as it advances in years, and the majority of 
its members become old and infirm. The majority of Lodges 
rely upon the judgment of their financial officers, and only 
18 



206 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

authorize investments in accordance with their recommenda- 
tions. If the Trustees look to the interests of the Lodge, and 
see that every dollar of the Lodge funds brings something into 
the treasury, the Lodge is very sure to succeed ; but if they art 
dilatory and nonchalant as to their duty, and let the surplus 
funds lie idle in the hands of the Treasurer, the chances are that 
as the members grow old, and sickness and disability increase, 
the small surplus that has accrued will dwindle away, and the 
Lodge will be unable to meet its obligations to its members. 
The members, seeing a bankrupt treasury, will begin to draw 
their cards or allow themselves to be dropped. Every hundred 
dollars promptly invested is worth more, financially, than a new 
member; while it brings into the Lodge treasury as much every 
year as a member, it takes nothing out in the shape of sick benefits. 
The Lodge should allow enough, and only enough, to remain in 
the hands of the Treasurer to meet its immediate wants ; the sur- 
plus should be transferred to the Trustees for investment ; and 
since, as we before remarked, the majority of Lodges rely upon 
their Trustees as to the manner of investing, great care should be 
taken that none but competent brethren are elected to that orifice. 
They should be wide awake and thoroughly practical busi- 
ness men, who know when and how to make investments to 
the best advantage. They should also be men in whom the 
business world would have confidence. No brother should 
accept the office unless he feels himself qualified, and is will- 
ing to devote time and care to the performance of his trust. He 
should be as careful of the interests of those who confide in him 
as he is of his own. He should see that the accruing interest is 
collected as soon as it is due, and have it invested. Our system 
of dues and benefits is based upon compound interest, and if it 
is not carried out the Lodge will fail to meet its obligations. 

RELIEF COMMITTEES. 

As the Supreme Lodge has recommended that Relief Commit- 
tees be established in all towns or cities where two or more 
Lodges are located, a few remarks concerning these Committees 
will not be inappropriate at this place. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 207 

It is the duty of Relief Committees to look after sick or dis- 
tressed brothers, to pay them their benefits, or make donations 
or loans. They are found to answer the purpose for which they 
are established, and to perform the work much better than when 
it is left to individual Lodges. In large cities where there is no 
Relief Committee, the burthen of relieving transient brothers 
generally falls on those Lodges most centrally located ; whereas, 
if there is a Relief Committee, the burthen falls on all alike, as 
the Committee obtains the necessary funds to carry out the ob- 
jects of its appointment by assessments on the Lodges in the 
place where the Committee is located, according to their mem- 
bership. The Committees are composed of one or more repre- 
sentatives from each Lodge in the place, who are elected or 
appointed for a specified time — generally six months or a year. 
Lodges should endeavor to make as few changes as possible in 
their representatives, as the longer a brother acts in that capac- 
ity the better qualified he becomes to discharge the required 
duties and to detect impostors. The Committee should have a 
President, Secretary, and Treasurer. It can have other officers 
if it deems proper. The officers perform such duties as are 
required of them by the Committee. The Secretary should 
understand book-keeping and be a good penman, as he is 
required to keep the minutes, accounts, and do all the corre- 
sponding for the Committee. At the end of each term he should 
make a report to the Lodges of the transactions of the Commit- 
tee. If the reports are printed, it would be an act of courtesy to 
send copies to the Grand Lodge, to the other Relief Committees 
of the Order, and to each Lodge to whose member the Com- 
mittee has granted aid during the term. The Committee should 
have a seal to be used by the Secretary on all letters or other offi- 
cial documents of the Committee. 

In large cities, where there is much sickness, it would be well 
for the Committee to district the city, appointing at least one 
member to each district, who should visit the sick in their respec- 
tive districts once a week, or oftener if the case requires it. 

In making loans or donations the Committee should require 
the applicant to present satisfactory evidence that he is a member 



208 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

in good standing. Where there are Relief Committees of other 
societies in the same place, it would be well for all to work in 
unison, to a certain extent at least. When the person asking for 
aid states that he belongs to two or three societies the Relief 
Committees of the other Orders should be consulted, and the 
desired amount raised between them. Should the party not state 
that he is a member of another Order, and you grant him aid, 
notify the other committees of the fact at once, and when the 
other committees grant relief let them return the compliment. 
In this manner each will be able to save considerable money in 
the course of the year. When a committee detects an impostor, 
it should immediately notify every other Relief Committee and 
the publications of the Order. It would also be well to notify 
the Lodges in the smaller towns in the direction the impostor is 
supposed to have taken. This can be done by having the in- 
formation printed on postal cards or circulars, always giving a 
description of the party. Names do not amount to much, as 
they may be changed at every stopping place. Wherever there 
is a Relief Committee, all applicants for aid should be sent to it. 



Appointive Officers. 



THE officers of a Subordinate Lodge are divided into elective 
and appointive. The appointive officers are four Attend- 
ants, Outer Guard, Inner Guard, and Master-at-Arms. In 
some States the latter is an elective office. These are appointed 
by the Chancellor Commander on the night of his installation. 
Any Knight having served one full term in an appointive or 
elective office is eligible to the chair of Vice Chancellor. The 
general and special duties of each officer are defined in the 
charge-books and in the constitution of each jurisdiction, but we 
will enumerate the most important of them, together with the 
regalia and station of each officer. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK, 



209 



ATTENDANTS. 

Jewel. — A three-inch triangle with flaming torch, all of white 
metal. 

Regalia. — A plain red collar. 





Duties. — To assist the sitting Past Chancellor in preparing 
the room for the conferring of ranks, and to perform such other 
duties as may be required. 



OUTER GUARD. 

Jewel. — A three-inch triangle with a sword, all of white 
metal. 

Regalia. — A collar of scarlet velvet, 
trimmed with silver lace border half- 
inch wide. 

Station. — In the ante-room, outside 
of the inner door, and to take charge 
of the outer door. 

Duties. — The Outer Guard has 
charge of the ante-room, and upon his 
fidelity depends the safety of the Lodge. It is his duty to admit 
no one who is not in possession of the semi-annual password, 
unless authorized by the Chancellor Commander; to see that 
brethren clothe themselves in proper regalia ; to take charge of 
18* Q 





210 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

the regalia, and to perform such other duties as are prescribed 
in the Ritual, and the Chancellor Commander may direct. 



INNER GUARD. 

Jewel. — A three-inch triangle with crossed swords, all of 
white metal. 

Regalia. — Same as Outer Guard. 

Station. — At the inner door and near 
the Vice Chancellor. 

Duties. — To allow no one to enter 
the Lodge who is not clothed in the ap- 
propriate regalia of his rank, and who is 
not in possession of the password, unless 
authorized to do so by the proper officer, 
and to obey the commands of the Chancellor Commander. 



MASTER-AT-ARMS. 

Jewel. — A three-inch triangle, with lance, battle-axe, and 
sword, all of white metal. 

Regalia. — Same as Outer Guard. 
Station. — At the right, and in front 
of the Chancellor Commander. 

Duties. — This is the most important 
of the appointive offices. The Master- 
at-Arms has charge of the properties of 
the Lodge, and is responsible for the 
safe-keeping thereof. He must examine 
every person in the room before the Lodge is opened, and 
report the result of such examination to the Chancellor Com- 
mander. He is to receive and conduct all candidates during 
the ceremonies of initiation, proving and charging in the 
different grades of Rank, and perform such other duties as are 
required of him by the Ritual. The incumbent of this office 
should be active, attentive, and obliging. He should also be 




COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 21 1 

possessed of a good memory, so that he will not have to refer 
to the charge-book when required to perform any duty or to de- 
liver a charge. 



Elective Officers. 



THE elective officers of the Subordinate Lodge are Keeper of 
Records and Seal, Master of Finance, Master of Exchequer, 
who are generally elected annually at the last meeting in 
December ; and the Prelate, Vice Chancellor, and Chancellor 
Commander, who are elected semi-annually on the last meeting 
night in June and December. In some States the* Master-at- 
Arms is an elective officer. Any Knight in good standing is 
eligible to every appointive and elective office in the Lodge, ex- 
cept Vice Chancellor and Chancellor Commander. One term in 
an appointive or elective office is requisite to be eligible to the 
office of Vice Chancellor ; and one term as Vice Chancellor to 
that of Chancellor Commander. The Chancellor Commander, 
by virtue of service in that office till the end of the term, be- 
comes Past Chancellor. Each officer is required to serve till the 
end of the term, in order to be entitled to the honors of his office; 
should he resign, the honors go to his successor. 

There are general duties required of each officer in the Ritual. 
There are also special duties that vary in different jurisdictions. 
Our space will permit us to mention only the most important. 
It is expected that each officer will study the laws of his jurisdic- 
tion, and the Ritual, so that he will be thoroughly conversant 
with his duty. 

KEEPER OF RECORDS AND SEAL. 

Jewel. — A three-inch triangle with crossed pens, all of white 
metal. 

Regalia. — A collar of scarlet velvet, trimmed with silver lace 
border, 




212 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Station. — At the head of Lodge-room, and on the right hand 
of the Chancellor Commander. 

Duties. — It is the duty of the Keeper of Records and Seal to 
keep a just and impartial record of all 
proceedings of the Lodge ; conduct all 
its correspondence ; make out semi-an- 
nual returns and transmit the same to 
the Grand Lodge of his jurisdiction; 
also to transmit to the Grand Keeper 
of Records and Seal a list of the sus- 
pensions, withdrawals, and reinstate- 
ment of members, and perform such 
other duties as may be prescribed by the constitution and by- 
laws of his Lodge. The seal of the Lodge is in his keeping, and 
no one else (except the Master of Finance, in stamping official 
receipts for dues) has a right to use it, and he only on docu- 
ments authorized by the Lodge. No one is privileged to inter- 
fere with the books and papers of his office, except the Chancellor 
Commander, D. D. Grand Chancellor, and Grand Chancellor 
of his jurisdiction. But he should be always ready and willing 
to give members of the Lodge any desired information as to its 
affairs. His chirography should be neat and legible, and spelling 
correct. He should be careful to omit no business actually 
transacted by the Lodge, and to keep his records and papers so 
that he may refer to any particular business transacted at a former 
meeting without loss of time. We have treated on the manner 
of keeping minutes in a former chapter, to which we would refer 
the attention of Keepers of Records and Seal. 

MASTER OF FINANCE. 

Jewel. — A three-inch triangle with pen and key crossed, all 
of white metal. 

Regalia. — Same as Keeper of Records and Seal. 

Station. — At the left of the Chancellor Commander, and on a 
line with the Keeper of Records and Seal. 

Duties. — The duties of the Master of Finance are to keep an 
accurate account between the Lodge and its members ; receive 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 21 3 

all moneys, and pay the same over to the Master of Exchequer, 
taking his receipt therefor; to make out his semi-annual re- 
port and present it to the Lodge, and 

perform such other duties as may be re- V~~ ^ , ^/§f 

quired of him by the Ritual of the ^w^^E^y^^^^/ 
Order and the laws of his jurisdiction. ^^k^^^wyy 

The brother holding this office should l^k JnlP^ 

be a practical book-keeper and account- f|i A'tf 

ant, and when a Lodge succeeds in ^iraflijlr 

getting a Master of Finance who is in iup 

every respect qualified, it should be 

loth to change. He should be prompt, exact, and courteous; 
as much of the peace and prosperity of the Lodge depends upon 
his exercise of these virtues. Be just and fear not. 

For the benefit of those filling this office, who are not practical 
book-keepers, and who wish to keep their books by double entry, 
we will offer the following suggestions : 

In keeping books by double entry, you must keep constantly 
in mind that every debit must have a credit, and every credit a 
debit. This system of keeping books may appear much more 
difficult than by single entry, yet persons are less liable to make 
errors or omissions. Besides the personal, the following accounts 
should be opened in your Ledger, viz. : Cash, Treasurer, Initia- 
tions and Degrees, Cards Deposited, Dues, Expense, Benefits, 
and it may be necessary to open some others. It would be well 
to leave several pages each for the first, second, third, fifth, and 
sixth accounts above named. The money accompanying a peti- 
tion, either for initiations or degrees, should not be entered on 
the book until the applicant receives that for which he applied. 
Then debit Cash and credit the Initiation and Degrees account, 
stating from whom received. If the person is admitted on card, 
credit Cards Deposited instead of Initiation and Degrees account. 
A'; the commencement of every quarter, debit each member with 
a quarter's dues, and credit Dues with the amount. When he 
pays, credit him and debit Cash. Should he die or withdraw 
before the end of the quarter, or time for which he has paid, you 
will give an order on the Treasurer for the overpaid dues, and 



214 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

debit the Dues account. When a brother is dropped for non- 
payment of dues, you may close his account by crediting him 
and debiting dues account. Be sure and state how his account 
is closed, so that there will be no mistake in case he should 
apply for reinstatement. In paying the receipts to the Treasurer, 
credit Cash and debit the Treasurer. When benefits are allowed 
to a brother, and the order for the same is not drawn, credit him 
with the amount and debit Benefits. Whenever you give an 
order on the Treasurer, you credit him and debit whatever ac- 
count the order is drawn for ; if for benefits, the Benefit account ; 
if for expense, the Expense account. At the end of the term, 
bring down the balance in your primary accounts (such as Treas- 
urer, etc.), and close all of your secondary accounts (such as 
Initiation and Degrees, Expense, etc.) into Profit and Loss. 
After you have done that, close Profit and Loss into the Assets 
account. 

With a little thought, you will be always able to tell which 
account should be debited and which credited. If you are care- 
ful that each debit has a credit, and vice versa, your books will 
always balance. You will require a Day-Book, Journal, and 
Ledger, and perhaps one or two other books. 

MASTER OF EXCHEQUER. 

Jewel. — A three-inch triangle with crossed keys, all of white 
metal. 

Regalia. — Same as Keeper of Rec- 
ords and Seal. 

Station. — At the left of the Chan- 
cellor Commander, and by the side of 
the Master of Finance. 

Duties. — To his care are intrusted 
the funds of the Lodge, of which he is 
to keep a just and accurate account. 
He should, therefore, be a good book- 
keeper and accountant, of undoubted integrity and respecta- 
ble business talent. It is his duty to require that all the forms 
and safeguards of business are conformed with before he pays out 





COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 215 

any money, and to receive Lodge money only through the Mas- 
ter of Finance. 

He should be punctual in his attendance at Lodge meet- 
ings, and keep his accounts and vouchers in such a shape that he 
can make a report whenever called upon by the Lodge. He is 
required by law to make a return at the end of each term. 

PRELATE. 

Jewel. — A three-inch triangle and circle of white, and open 
Bible of yellow metal. 

Regalia. — A black velvet collar with 
silver fringe one and a half inches long, 
and silver lace border on inner edge 
half-inch wide. 

Station. — On the left-hand side of 
the Chancellor Commander, at centre 
of Lodge, and in a direct line as drawn 
from the Past Chancellor over or through 
the altar, opposite the position of the Past Chancellor. The sur- 
roundings are black. 

Duties. — The Prelate is the third executive officer of the 
Lodge. It is his duty to assist at initiations and in conferring the 
different ranks, and to perform such other duties as are required 
of him by the Constitution, laws, and usages of the Order. He 
should be of unblemished character, so that when he is called 
upon to perform the duties of Chaplain it will not appear as 
mockery. 

VICE CHANCELLOR. 

Jewel. — A three-inch triangle and lance of white, and es- 
cutcheon of yellow metal. 

Regalia. — A collar of scarlet velvet, 
with silver fringe one and a half inches 
long, and silver lace border on inner 
edge half- inch wide. 

Station. — At the lower end of the 
room opposite the Chancellor Com- 
mander. The surroundings of his chair 
are blue. 




2l6 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Duties.— It is his duty to assist the Chancellor Commander hi 
preserving order and decorum ; to aid in conducting the cere- 
monies of the several grades of rank ; to preside in the absence 
of the Chancellor Commander; appoint the minorities of all 
committees (unless otherwise ordered by the Lodge), and have 
charge of the inner door during the sessions of the Lodge ; to 
visit the sick, care for 'the needy and distressed, chide the wrong- 
doer, and perform such other duties as the law and Ritual may 
require. 

As he occupies the second official chair, and is the almost cer- 
tain successor of the Chancellor Commander, his qualifications 
should in nowise be inferior to those required of the occupant 
of the first chair. While acting as Vice Chancellor he should be 
committing to memory the charges of the first chair. He should 
also study the merits and qualifications of the different members, 
so that he may appoint the best as officers, and on the different 
committees, when he is promoted. 

CHANCELLOR COMMANDER. 

Jewel. — A double triangle with crossed swords and lance in 
white, and escutcheon in yellow metal. 

Regalia. — Same as for Vice Chan- 
cellor. 

Station. — At the head or upper end 
of the room. The surroundings of his 
chair are red. 

Duties. — The Chancellor Commander 
is the presiding officer of the Lodge, 
and, as such, has charge of the officers, 
members, and visitors of his Lodge. 
He must not only perform his own, but 
see that all the subordinate officers discharge their duties, and 
govern the Lodge without fear or favor. The charge- books 
are in his possession, and he should be careful that no one 
who is not entitled shall have access to them. He should be 
thoroughly posted in the laws and work of the Order, and in 
parliamentary usage, so that he may decide promptly upon any 




COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK, 



21/ 



questions that may arise; but in making decisions he must 
remember that his own opinions should have no weight. He 
must be able to control his temper, so as not to become angry 
when business does not go to suit him ; and deal impartially in 
all matters brought before him ; and listen to the opinions of 
all — the youngest Knight has the same right to be heard as the 
oldest past officer, and the Chancellor Commander is bound to 
protect him in his rights. He is one of the Visiting Committee, 
and it is his duty to call on sick brethren at least once a week ; 
if they are in need of watchers, to appoint brethren to perform 
that duty. As the chief officer of the Lodge he should endeavor 
to set an example of morality and uprightness to the members. 
He is looked upon by outsiders as a representative of the Lodge ; 
and if he does not conduct himself as he should, the Lodge 
suffers in reputation. 

PAST CHANCELLOR. 

Jewel. — An irregular pentagon of white metal, with escutch- 
eon of yellow metal. 

Regalia. — A collar of scarlet velvet, 
with gold fringe one and a half inches 
long, and gold lace border on inner edge 
half-inch wide. 

Station. — On the right-hand side of 
the Lodge, midway or centre of the 
room, looking from the Chancellor Com- 
mander's station to the Vice Chancellor 
at the opposite end. The color of his 
station is yellow. 

Duties. — This office is acquired by service. The retiring 
Chancellor Commander fills this chair for one term, after the 
expiration of his term as chief officer of the Lodge. He is to 
have charge of, and be held responsible for, all floor-work, or 
ceremonials in conferring the degrees, and to perform any other 
duties detailed for him to do by the Chancellor Commander 
when the Lodge is working. 

He should be prompt in attending the meetings of his Lodge, 
*9 




2l8 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

and be ready to give the Chancellor Commander the benefit of 
his experience. Having served his Lodge as Chancellor Com- 
mander faithfully unto the end of the term, he is now entitled to 
the Grand Lodge Degree, and to a seat in that body. 



Grand Lodges. 

HOW COMMENCED AND CONSTITUTED. 

UNTIL a Grand Lodge is formed in a State, District, Terri- 
tory, or country, all the Subordinate Lodges are under the 
immediate control of the Supreme Lodge, and pay to it 
fifty cents per capita tax on each member annually. Where 
there are five or more Subordinate Lodges established, and in 
working order in any Jurisdiction, they may, through the Deputy 
Supreme Chancellor, "petition the Supreme Chancellor, who 
shall cause the Supreme Keeper of Records and Seal to notify 
each of the Lodges of that Jurisdiction to elect two Representa- 
tives for the unexpired balance of the year, up to the 31st of 
December following, on the first meeting night of the Lodge 
after the receipt of the communication. ' ' 

The Representatives elect, together with the Past Chancellors 
of the five or more Lodges, shall meet at such place as may be 
named by the Supreme Chancellor, for the purpose of organizing 
a Grand Lodge. The Representatives should be provided with 
certificates of election, and a list of the Past Chancellors in good 
standing in the different Lodges should also be furnished the 
convention. They should elect their officers, being careful to 
choose the best men for each position, make out a notice of 
their organization and names of the officers elected, and forward 
it, along with the dispensation fee, to the Supreme Keeper of 
Records and Seal, through the Supreme Chancellor. ' As soon as 
organized they shall elect two Representatives to the Supreme 
Lodge, who thereby become Past Grand Chancellors. 

The Supreme Chancellor, upon receiving the notice of organ- 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK 2\Q 

ization, etc., will install, or cause to be installed by a Deputy 
Supreme Chancellor, the officers of said Grand Lodge. The 
Grand Lodge shall then adopt a constitution and by-laws for its 
own government, subject to the approval of the Supreme Chan- 
cellor, appoint the necessary standing committees, and do such 
other business, as may be necessary at the commencement. 
These could have been agreed upon beforehand, so that the 
Grand Lodge need waste but little time in their consideration. 

It should then apply for a charter, by petition, to the next 
regular session of the Supreme Lodge. The petition should be 
accompanied with the reports, constitution, and by-laws, "all of 
which shall be referred to the proper committees, when the re- 
ports being favorable, and the committee on charters and dis- 
pensations reporting and recommending that a charter be issued, 
and the Supreme Lodge concurring therein, the charter shall 
then be issued, but not otherwise." 

The Grand Lodge exercises control over the Subordinate 
Lodges within its jurisdiction, and possesses the right and power 
to grant charters ; to suspend or take away the same upon proper 
cause ; to receive and hear all appeals ; to redress grievances and 
complaints arising in the Lodges within its jurisdiction ; and of 
enacting such laws for its government as do not conflict with 
those of the Supreme Lodge. It stands in the same relation to 
the Supreme Lodge as the Subordinates in its jurisdiction do to 
it. The Grand Lodge derives its revenue from charter fees, 
profit on the sale of supplies, and a per capita tax on the Knights 
in good standing in each Lodge, or percentage upon the re- 
ceipts of Lodges. 

The business of the Grand Lodge is transacted in the Grand 
Lodge Degree. 

MEMBERS AND REPRESENTATIVES. 

Each Past Chancellor in good standing in his Subordinate 
Lodge, is a member of the Grand Lodge of his jurisdiction, and 
is entitled to attend its sessions, and receive the degree, to vote 
for Grand officers, to be elected to and hold office in the Grand 
Lodge j and he cannot be deprived of these rights so long as he 



220 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

is in good standing. In those jurisdictions where the legislative 
power is not delegated to Representatives chosen by the Subor- 
dinate Lodges, each Past Chancellor has the right to vote and 
speak, and take part in all the proceedings of the Grand Lodge. 
Each Past Chancellor, upon completing his term as Chancellor 
Commander, should receive a certificate of the fact under the 
seal of his Lodge. Upon presenting his certificate at the Grand 
Lodge he is waited upon by the proper officer, and, after exami- 
nation, receives the degree to which he is entitled, and con- 
ducted to a seat. 

In those jurisdictions where the number of Past Chancellors is 
large, the legislative power is generally delegated to a few, who 
are chosen to represent either a Lodge or a district composed of 
a specified number of Knights. Representatives are elected in 
the same manner as the officers of the Subordinate Lodge, all 
Knights in good standing being entitled to vote. No one but 
Past Chancellors are eligible to the office of Representative. 
The person elected is entitled to a certificate of election from 
the Lodge, or the District Deputy, where there are more than 
one Lodge in a district. In those jurisdictions where the legis- 
lative power is vested in Representatives, all Past "Chancellors 
have the right to attend Grand Lodge and to vote for Grand 
officers, yet none but the Representatives have a right to take 
part in the proceedings of the Grand Lodge. 

At the sessions of Grand Lodges the business is generally car- 
ried on by the aid of committees provided for in their respective 
constitutions and by-laws, or appointed as the occasion requires. 
Nearly all measures are first referred to appropriate committees, 
and after being considered and perfected are reported back to 
the Grand Lodge for action. 

The regalia for Representatives is the same as for Past Chan- 
cellor, with a rosette on the left side, with the number of Lodge 
or District represented, and approved and adopted jewel pendant. 

OFFICERS. 
The officers of a Grand Lodge are : the Past Grand Chancellor, 
who is the retiring Grand Chancellor, Grand Chancellor, Grand 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 221 

Vice Chancellor, Grand Prelate, Grand Master of Exchequer, 
Grand Keeper of Records and Seal, and Supreme Represen- 
tative, all of whom are elected \ the Grand Master-at-Arms, 
Grand Inner Guard, and Grand Outer Guard, who are elected 
or appointed as the Grand Lodge may determine ; and the 
District Deputy Grand Chancellors, who are appointed by the 
Grand Chancellor. The manner of electing Grand officers is 
left to each jurisdiction. In some they are elected by the 
Past Chancellors present at the session of the Grand Lodge. In 
others, the law provides that any Past Chancellor in good stand- 
ing may forward to the Grand Chancellor the name of any Past 
Chancellor, also in good standing, stating the office to which 
he is nominated, prior to a certain date named in the constitu- 
tion of the jurisdiction. The Grand Chancellor, upon the expi- 
ration of the date limiting nominations, notifies the Past Chan- 
cellor of his nomination, requesting him to accept or decline by 
a certain time. Upon the expiration of the time specified the 
Grand Chancellor forwards the names of all the Past Chancellors 
who have accepted, stating the office for which they are nomi- 
nated, to the Grand Keeper of Records and Seal, who has them 
printed and transmitted to the several Lodges. On the night of 
election, generally the last stated meeting in June or December, 
tellers are appointed, and all the Past Chancellors present in 
their respective Lodges are entitled to vote for Grand officers. 
After the polls are closed the votes are counted, the result 
announced, a true record is made on the minutes, and a true 
record, under the seal of the Lodge, sent to the Grand Chancel- 
lor, marked " Election Returns." The Grand Chancellor, upon 
a certain date, calls to his assistance two or three Past Chancel- 
lors and proceeds to count the vote, and announces the vote to 
the Grand Lodge. He also notifies the Subordinate Lodges of 
the result of the votes cast, prior to the meeting of the Grand 
Lodge. The candidate receiving the highest number of votes 
for each office is declared elected. By this mode of election all 
Past Chancellors have a chance to exercise their right to vote, 
whereas, where the Grand officers are elected at the session of 
the Grand Lodge, many are practically disfranchised, 
*9* 



222 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



District Deputy Grand Chancellors are appointed by the Grand 
Chancellor to represent him in their allotted Lodge or District. 
It is their duty to see that the work of the Order is performed 
uniformly, to install, or cause to be installed, the officers of the 
Lodge or Lodges under their charge, and perform- such other 
duties as the Grand Lodge or Grand Chancellor may direct. 
They should be well posted in the law and work of the Order, 
so that they may instruct the officers, and render decisions 
when called upon by the Lodge or Lodges under their control. 
They have no voice in the Grand Lodge, except as Past Chan- 
cellors, and are not entitled to mileage or per diem should they 
attend its sessions. Their regalia is the same as that for Past 
Chancellors. The jewel for a District Deputy Grand Chancel- 
lor is the same as that for the Grand Outer Guard, except that 
the emblem is a scroll. 



GRAND OUTER GUARD. 

Jewel. — A three and one-half inch oval, inclosing shield, 
which covers a triangle. On the shield is 
a sword. Oval and shield of yellow, and 
triangle and emblem of white metal.* 

Regalia. — Collar of scarlet velvet, with 
gold fringe one and a half inches long, and 
gold lace border on inner edge half-inch 
wide. Form of collar same as for Subordi- 
nate Lodge. 

Duties. — He has charge of the outer door, 
and cannot admit any one without the pass- 
word, unless ordered to do so by the Grand 
Chancellor. He is held responsible for the regalia, jewels, etc. , 




* The jewels of all the Grand officers are the same, with the exception of 
their respective emblems on the shield. For illustration, see Past Grand 
Chancellor's jewel. The jewels are to be worn pendant to the collar, except 
when the officer or Past officer is dressed in the " Full Gala," " Ordinary 
Parade," or " Fatigue Dress," when they are to be worn upon the left breast 
in, open sight. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 



22$ 



of the Grand Lodge while it is in session, and is generally 

compensated for the faithful discharge of his 

duties. 

GRAND INNER GUARD. 

Jewel. — Same as Grand Outer Guard, 
with crossed swords. 

Regalia. — Same as for Grand Outer 
Guard. 

Duties. — The duties of this officer are 
similar to those of the Inner Guard in the 
Subordinate Lodge. 

GRAND MASTER-AT-ARMS. 

Jewel. — Same as Grand Outer Guard, 
with lance, battle-axe, and sword crossed. 

Regalia. — Same as for Grand Outer 
Guard. 

Duties. — It is his duty to assist in the 
ceremonies of the Grand Lodge, to preserve 
order therein, to examine new members and 
Representatives and conduct them into the 
Grand Lodge, and to execute the com- 
mands of the Grand Chancellor. 

GRAND KEEPER OF RECORDS AND SEAL. 

Jewel. — Same as Grand Outer Guard, with crossed pens. 

Regalia. — Same as for Grand Outer 
Guard. 

Duties. — It is his duty to keep a just 
and true record of all the proceedings of 
the Grand Lodge. He has charge of the 
seal, books, papers, and other properties of 
the Grand Lodge. He prepares all char- 
ters and dispensations for .Subordinate 
Lodges ; attests all official papers and docu- 
ments, and performs such other duties as are" 
required of him by the laws and regulations 





224 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



of the Order, for which he receives a regular salary. At each 
annual session he presents a report of the general condition of 
the Order in his jurisdiction. He is required to have an office 
and keep regular office hours. 

GRAND MASTER OF EXCHEQUER. 

Jewel. — Same as Grand Outer Guard, with crossed keys. 

Regalia. — Same as that worn by the 
Grand Outer Guard. 

Duties. — His duties are similar to those 
performed by the Master of Exchequer in 
the Subordinate Lodge. To receive all 
funds for the use of the Grand Lodge from 
the Grand Keeper of Records and Seal; 
pay all orders drawn on him by the Grand 
Chancellor properly attested. He should 
understand bookkeeping, so that he may 
keep his accounts in a proper manner, ex- 
hibiting the amount and source from which received, and the 
purposes and amounts of disbursements, and to give a statement 
in writing at the session of the Grand 
Lodge, or whenever required to do so by 
that body. His books are subject to the 
examination of the Financial Committee 
whenever they see proper. 





GRAND PRELATE. 
Jewel. — Same as Grand Outer Guard, 
with open Bible. 

Regalia. — Same as for Grand Outer 
Guard. 

Duties. — To open and close the Grand Lodge with 
prayer, and perform such other duties as comport with his 
office. 

GRAND VICE CHANCELLOR, 
Jewel. — Same as Grand Outer Guard, with baton. 
Regalia. — Same as for Grand Outer Guard. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 



225 



Duties. — He is to act as counsellor and assistant 
Grand Chancellor, and in his absence to 
preside over the Grand Lodge. In case 
of the death, removal, inability, or resigna- 
tion of the Grand Chancellor, the powers 
and duties of said officer devolve upon the 
Grand Vice Chancellor for the rest of the 
term, or until a successor is supplied by 
special election. In view of such an event, 
as much care should be taken in the choice 
of the Grand Vice Chancellor as in that 
of the Grand Chancellor. 



of the 





DISTRICT DEPUTY GRAND CHANCELLOR. 

Jewel. — Same as Grand Outer Guard, ex- 
cept that the emblem is a scroll. 

Regalia. — Same as for Past Chancellor. 

Duties. — He is appointed by the Grand 
Chancellor to represent him in his allotted 
Lodge or District. It is his duty to see that 
the work of the Order is performed uniformly, 
to install, or cause to be installed, the officers 
of the Lodge or Lodges under his charge, and 
perform such other duties as the G. L. or G. 
C. may direct. 

GRAND CHANCELLOR. 

Jewel. — Same as Grand Outer Guard, with a gauntlet closed 
and grasping a truncheon. 

Regalia. — Same as for Grand Outer 
Guard. 

Duties. — His duties are to preside and 
preserve order at all sessions of the Grand 
Lodge ; appoint Grand officers pro tern, in 
case of the temporary absence or disqualifi- 
cation of any Grand officer ; appoint all 
committees, unless otherwise ordered ; exer- 
cise a general supervision over the Order in 
his jurisdiction; to decide questions of law 




226 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



and usage during the recess of the Grand Lodge, and to perform 
such other duties as belong to an executive and presiding officer 
of a Grand body. He appoints persons to represent him in 
the different Lodges or Districts of his jurisdiction, and he may 
remove them at any time for good cause. 



Jewel. - 



PAST GRAND CHANCELLOR. 

-Same as Grand Outer Guard, with escutcheon. 

Regalia. — Black velvet collar trimmed 
with gold lace and fringe, and "P. G. C." 
embroidered in gold on left side. 

Duties. — The retiring Grand Chancellor 
shall fill the office of Past Grand Chancel- 
lor. He shall have charge and supervise 
the arrangement of the altar or any other 
necessary floor -work, and perform such 
other duties as may be required of him. 
Having served as Grand Chancellor till the 
end of the term, he is entitled to the Su- 
preme Lodge Degree, and to a seat in the Supreme Lodge. 




Supreme Lodge. 

ITS POWERS, HOW CONSTITUTED AND SUP- 
PORTED. 

THE Supreme Lodge of the Knights of Pythias of the World 
is the source of all true and legitimate authority over the 
Order, and as such "possesses original and exclusive juris- 
diction and power to establish, regulate, and control the forms, 
ceremonies, written and unwritten work, and to change, alter, 
and annul the same; " "to provide, print, and furnish all Rit- 
uals, forms, ceremonies, cards, odes, charts, and certificates ; to 
prescribe the form, material, and color of all regalia, emblems, 
jewels, and charts, and to designate the uniform of the Order ; 
to provide for the emanation and distribution of all passwords \ " 
"to establish the Order in States, Districts, Territories, Prov- 
inces, or countries where the same has not been engrafted ; ' * to 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 227 

provide a revenue for the Supreme Lodge ; to provide for annual 
returns from each Grand Lodge, and for semi-annual returns from 
each Subordinate Lodge under its immediate jurisdiction; " to 
hear and determine all appeals from Grand and Subordinate 
Lodges, when the same are properly brought before it;" " to 
enact all laws and regulations of general application," and carry 
the same into effect ; to charter Grand Lodges and define the 
territorial extent of their jurisdiction, and to charter Subordi- 
nate Lodges not within the territorial jurisdiction of any Grand 
Lodge, and to provide a constitution for each Subordinate Lodge 
under its immediate jurisdiction. 

The sessions of the Supreme Lodge are held annually at such 
time in the months of April, May, June, July, or August, and at 
such place as was agreed upon at the preceding annual session. 
Should there have been no date fixed, it. shall meet on the third 
Tuesday in April, and if no place has been agreed upon, the 
session shall be held at Baltimore, Maryland. The business is 
transacted in the Supreme Lodge Degree. It is constituted of 
all Past Supreme Chancellors, its officers, Representatives, and 
Past Grand Chancellors. Past Supreme Chancellors are entitled 
to discuss any question, but the right to vote is limited to the 
officers and Representatives. All Past Grand Chancellors, duly 
recognized by the Supreme Lodge, are admitted to its sessions 
and to seats therein, but are not entitled to speak, unless by per- 
mission of the Supreme Lodge. 

Each Grand Jurisdiction is entitled to two Representatives 
until it has 20,000 members, and one more for each additional 
10,000 members ; but no Grand Lodge is entitled to more than 
four Representatives. They must be Past Grand Chancellors in 
good standing in their respective Grand and Subordinate Lodges. 
They are elected in the same manner as the Grand officers of 
their jurisdictions, and serve for two years ; the term of one, or, 
if there are four Representatives, two, from each Grand Lodge 
expiring each year. The Supreme Lodge pays the mileage and 
necessary expenses of its officers and Representatives. 

The revenue of the Supreme Lodge is derived from dispen- 
sation and charter fees ; profits on memorial charts, jewels, odes, 
charge, and installation books, etc. ; the tax of $75 annually on 



228 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



each Grand Lodge for each Representative to which they are 
entitled, and a per capita tax on the Subordinate Lodges under 
its immediate jurisdiction. 

OFFICERS. 

The officers of the Supreme Lodge are : Past Supreme Chan- 
cellor, Supreme Chancellor, Supreme Vice Chancellor, Supreme 
Prelate, Supreme Master of Exchequer, Supreme Keeper of Rec- 
ords and Seal, Supreme Master-at-Arms, Supreme Inner Guard, 
Supreme Outer Guard, all of whom, except the Past Supreme 
Chancellor, are elected biennially. The election is by ballot ; a 
majority of all the votes cast being necessary to a choice. In 
case of a tie, the balloting continues until a choice is made ; the 
name of the brother receiving the lowest number of votes at 
each ballot is withdrawn. No one is eligible to any office in the 
Supreme Lodge, unless he has been duly admitted, by being 
either a Supreme Representative or a Past Grand Chancellor.. 

In addition to the above, there are also Deputy Supreme 
Chancellors, who are appointed by the Supreme Chancellor to 
represent him in the State, District, Territory, or foreign coun- 
try having no Grand Lodge. It is their duty to install the offi- 
cers of the jurisdiction under their control, or cause the same to 
be done, and to transact such business as the Supreme Chan- 
cellor may direct. The jewel of the Deputy Supreme Chancellor is 

the same as that for Supreme Outer 
Guard, with globe on upper and 
scroll on lower portion of the tri- 
angle. 

SUPREME OUTER GUARD. 
Jewel. — A four-inch circle of 
yellow metal inclosing triangle of 
white metal. On the upper portion 
of the triangle is a globe, and on 
the lower portion a sword, both 
of yellow metal.* 

* The jewels of all the Supreme officers are the same, with the exception 
of their respective emblems on the triangle. 




COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 



229 




Regalia. — Collar of purple, skirted with scarlet, trimmed 
with helmet, globe, and tassels, lace and fringe of gilt bullion. 

Duties. — ■ The duties of this officer are similar to those of the 
Outer Guard in the Grand Lodge. 

SUPREME INNER GUARD. 

Jewel. — Same as Supreme Outer Guard, with globe on upper 
and crossed swords on lower portion 
of the triangle. 

Regalia. — Same as that worn 
by the Supreme Outer Guard. 

Duties. — He is to guard the in- 
ner door; to admit none who are 
not legally qualified, and perform 
such other duties as may be re- 
quired of \ him by the Supreme 
Lodge. 

SUPREME MASTER-AT-ARMS. 

Jewel. — Same as Supreme Outer Guard, with globe on the 
upper, and crossed sword, lance, and 
battle-axe on the lower portion of 
the triangle. 

Regalia. — Same as that worn 
by the Supreme Outer Guard. 

Duties. — The duties of this 
officer are such as are traditionally 
appropriate to his station, or such 
as may be assigned him by the Su- 
preme Lodge. 

SUPREME KEEPER OF RECORDS AND SEAL. 
Jewel. — Same as Supreme Outer Guard, with globe on upper 
and crossed pens on lower portion of the triangle. 

Regalia. — Same as that worn by the Supreme Outer Guard, 
Duties. — He shall keep a just and true record of all the pro- 

2Q 




230 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



ceedingsof the Supreme Council and Lodge, and transmit annu- 
ally to each Grand Lodge as many copies thereof as the Lodge 

has Past Grand Chancellors and 
officers, and one copy for each 
Subordinate Lodge in their several 
jurisdictions, and one to each 
Lodge under the immediate jurisdic- 
tion of the Supreme Lodge. He is 
to collect all the revenues of the 
Supreme Lodge and pay the same 
over to the Supreme Master of Ex- 
chequer. He has charge of all 
books, papers, and other properties- 
of the Supreme Lodge. He prepares all charters for Grand 
Lodges ; attests all necessary official papers and documents, and 
performs such other duties as are required of him by the laws 
of the Order, and the Supreme Chancellor and Supreme Lodge 
may direct. He receives a stated salary per annum, payable 
quarterly, and is required to give bond in the sum of ten thou- 
sand dollars for the faithful performance of his duties. 




SUPREME MASTER OF EXCHEQUER. 

Jewel. — Same as Supreme Outer Guard, with globe on upper 
and crossed keys on lower portion of the triangle. 

Regalia. — Same as that worn 
by the Supreme Outer Guard. 

Duties. — He shall render a true 
and faithful account of his doings to 
the Supreme Lodge at its annual 
session, together with an account of 
all moneys received and disbursed, 
and the earnings accrued from in- 
vestments ; pay all orders drawn on 
him by the Supreme Chancellor, 
properly attested by the S. K. of R. 
and S. For the faithful performance of his duties he is required 
to give bond in the sum of ten thousand dollars. 




COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXTBOOK. 



231 




SUPREME PRELATE. 

Jewel. — Same as Supreme Outer Guard, with globe on 
and an open Bible on lower portion of the triangle. 

Regalia. — White collar, skirted 
with scarlet, trimmed with gilt lace 
and bullion fringe and tassels. On the 
right breast of the collar shall be em- 
broidered, in gilt bullion, a visored 
helmet, with axe and lance crossed, 
and on the left breast a globe. 

Duties. — He shall open and close 
the Supreme Lodge with prayer, 
and perform all obligatory ceremo- 
nials as prescribed in the Ritual or 
usages of the Order, and such other duties as comport wi 
office. 

SUPREME VICE CHANCELLOR. 

Jewel. — Same as Supreme Outer Guard, with globe on 
and baton on lower portion of the 
triangle. 

Regalia. — Same as that worn by 
the Supreme Outer Guard. 

Duties. — He is to perform such 
duties as may be assigned him by 
the Supreme Lodge or the Supreme 
Chancellor. In case of the death, 
absence, removal, or physical in- 
competence of the chief officer, he 
shall act as Supreme Chancellor. 



upper 



th his 



upper 




SUPREME 'CHANCELLOR. 

Jewel. — Same as Supreme Outer Guard, with globe in centre 
and escutcheon in each corner of the triangle. 

Regalia. — Same as that worn by the Supreme Outer Guard. 

Duties. — In addition to his duties as-presiding officer of the 
Supreme Lodge, he is to exercise a watchful supervision over all 



232 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



Grand and Subordinate Lodges, and see that all the constitu- 
tional enactments, rules, and edicts of the Supreme Lodge are 
duly observed, and that the dress, work, and discipline of the 

Order are everywhere uniform. He 
has the right to call special sessions 
of the Supreme Lodge, or conven- 
tions of Supreme officers in council ; 
to visit any Grand or Subordinate 
Lodge under the immediate juris- 
diction of the Supreme Lodge, and 
to give such instructions and di- 
rections as the good of the Order 
may require ; to grant dispensations 
for the institution of Subordinate 
Lodges, and for Grand Lodges, in 
States, Countries, Districts, or Territories, where the same have 
not been heretofore established ; to manage the contingent fund 
of the Supreme Lodge ; to hear and decide such questions of law 
as may be submitted to him by Grand and Subordinate Lodges 
under the immediate jurisdiction of the Supreme Lodge, and 
such decisions are binding until disaffirmed or reversed by the 
Supreme Lodge. He also appoints a Deputy Supreme Chancel- 
lor in all States, Districts, Territories, and foreign countries 
where Lodges are established and are without a Grand Lodge. 




DEPUTY SUPREME CHANCELLOR. 

Jewel. — Same as Supreme Outer 
Guard, with globe on upper and scroll 
on lower portion of the triangle. 

Regalia. — Same as Supreme 
Outer jGuard. 

Duties. — He is to represent the 
Supreme Chancellor of the World 
in the State, District, Territory, or 
foreign country having no Grand 
Lodge, and transact such other busi- 
ness as the S. C. may direct. 




COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 



233 




PAST SUPREME CHANCELLOR. 

Jewel. — Same as Supreme Outer Guard, with globe in centre, 
and an escutcheon in each lower 
and the stars in the upper corner of 
the triangle. 

Regalia. — Same as the Supreme 
Outer Guard. 

Duties. — This office is attained 
by service as Supreme Chancellor. 
He shall have charge of and su- 
pervise the arrangements of the altar 
or any other necessary floor-work. 

REGALIA AND JEWELS OF OTHER MEMBERS. 

Past Supreme Chancellors have the same collar and jewel as 
the sitting Past Supreme Chancellor. 

The regalia for Past Grand Chancellors is a black velvet collar 
trimmed with gold lace and fringe, and "P. G. C. M embroid- 
ered in gold on left side. 

Supreme Representatives have the same regalia as Past 
Grand Chancellors, with "S. R. M upon 
the right-hand side of collar in gilt bul- 
lion. 

The jewel of a Supreme Representative is 
the same as for Grand Outer Guard, with an 
ornamental device of white metal, on which 
is engraved the coat-of-arms of the State 
represented, and emblems of the Order. 

Each member is required to be clothed 
in the established regalia of his rank before 
he is allowed to enter the Supreme Lodge 
while in session. But any Past officer, Officer, Representative, 
or member of the Supreme Lodge who presents himself apparelled 
in the prescribed uniform of the Order indicative of his rank, 
wearing the proper and prescribed Official or Past Official Jewel 
on the left breast in open sight, is recognized as in proper re- 
galia and entitled to admission, if otherwise qualified* 
20* 




234 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Funerals. 

REGALIA. 

A ROSETTE three inches in diameter with black velvet centre 
of two inches, with gold letters "G. L." and one half inch 
red border (ribbon) to be worn as a badge of mourning by 
Grand Lodges on the occasion of attending funerals. — Session 
of 1869. 

At funerals the following rosette may or shall be worn in lieu 
of other regalia, viz. : 

By Knights, Esquires, and Pages. — Round rosette, black, flat 
centre, one and one-half inches in diameter, with white metal 
struck up or silver embroidered escutcheon, surrounded by two 
rows of quilted half-inch black satin ribbon, the joint made by 
the ribbon joining the centre of the rosette, to be covered with 
one-quarter line silver braid, the completed rosette to be three 
inches in diameter. Suspended from the under side of the 
rosette a white silk ribbon two and one-half inches wide and 
four and one-half inches long, with name and number of Lodge, 
and the letters K. P. printed upon it in black, the white ribbon 
to be covered with black crape. 

By Past Chancellors. — The same as for members, but gilt 
escutcheon. 

For Officers. — Same as for members, but substituting the em- 
blem of their respective offices for the escutcheon in the centre 
of the rosette. — Session of 1872. 

ORDER OF PROCESSION. 

When the Order attends a funeral, the line of march shall be 
taken up in the following order : 

1. The Outer Guard, bearing a sword, followed by the Pages, 
Esquires, and Knights, in the order as laid down. 

2. The Inner Guard, bearing a sword. 

3. Keeper of Records and Seal, Master of Finance, and Mas- 
ter of Exchequer [three abreast], each bearing the emblems of 
their respective offices. 

4. Master-at-Arms, bearing a staff. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 2$$ 

5. Chancellor Commander and Vice Chancellor. 

6. The Prelate, supported by two Past Chancellors. 

7. Past Chancellors and Past Grand Chancellors. 

On arriving at the grave, the procession halts and opens 
order, when the coffin and mourners pass through, and the pro- 
cession follows the corpse in a reversed position. 

FUNERAL SERVICES. 

[The Brothers, on arriving at the grave, will form a circle at 
the proper time. The Prelate will then read :] 

My Brethren: The solemn occasion of our assembling 
together is the dissolution of the bonds which have united the 
outward or temporal body with the spirit. We are born to die. 
Dust must return to dust, and the spirit to God who gave it. 
The solemn notes which now salute our ears proclaim to us that 
another spirit has passed from earth to the abode of our fathers. 
For this cause we are assembled among the habitations of the 
dead. Here around us they peacefully, quietly rest. The gentle 
zephyr may sigh high among the trees, the sunshine may gladden 
the earth, the fierce tempest around them may rage, and the 
busy world may pass on, yet they heed it not. 

We are here shown the uncertainty of human life, the cer- 
tainty of death, the mutability of all earthly things, and the 
vanity of human pretensions. Decay and death are written on 
every living thing. The cradle and the coffin appear before us 
at the same time, and the intervening space seems but a span. 
Yet it is strange, notwithstanding the evidences of mortal frailty 
which daily appear to us, that the sound of the tolling bell will 
so often fall upon our ears, and we heed not its admonition. 

Here, all thoughtless, we tread upon the green roof of that 
dark mansion whose chambers we must sooner or later occupy ; 
for we know not how soon the time may come for you or me to 
go hence, and be known no more forever. 

Brother, we lay thee down to rest. We loved thee here, and 
our remembrance of thee shall be pleasant. Thou mayst have 
had thy faults, %nd who has not ? But over them we cast the 
veil of Fraternity, Charity, and Love ; and while we mourn thy 



236 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

loss, we will strive to emulate thy virtues. And we do fervently 
promise here, by thine open grave, that, though thou art gone 
from our sight, we will ever cherish thy memory green in our 
hearts, till the Archangel's trump shall proclaim that time shall 
be no more. 

Let us strive, then, so to live, that when we are called away 
from this terrestrial scene, we may be prepared to give a good 
account of ourselves at the bar of the Great Judge, before whom 
we must appear. 

Brethren, let not this warning be in vain ; and as we deposit 
in the grave this evergreen, let it be the fitting emblem of that 
brotherly love which shall live beyond the tomb. 

[The evergreen will be deposited in the grave.] 

To his bereaved friends we would say, Hope in God, trust in 
God. He alone can comfort your distress. He will heal your 
wound, and bind the broken heart. May the Lord bless you 
and sustain you all evermore. Amen. 

Let us pray. 

PRAYER. 

O God, the Protector of all who trust in Thee, without whom 
nothing is strong, nothing is holy, increase and multiply upon 
us Thy mercy, that Thou being our Ruler and Guide, we may so 
pass through things temporal, that we finally lose not the things 
Eternal. Give unto us an increase of Friendship, Charity, 
and Benevolence. Keep, we beseech Thee, O Lord, our Order 
with Thy perpetual mercy. Let Thy continual pity cleanse 
and defend it ; and because it cannot continue in safety without 
Thy succor, preserve it evermore by Thy help and goodness, and 
unto Thee we shall render the praise forever. Amen. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 



237 



Emblems of Official Rank. 
SHOULDER-STRAPS FOR OFFICERS. 

Supreme and Past Supreme Chancellors. 

ROYAL purple silk velvet, four inches long by two inches 
wide, outside measurement, bordered with three rows of 
corded embroidery in gold, each one-eighth of an inch 
wide, the escutcheon or crest of the Order at each end, and 






^m, 



globe or world in centre. 
The Past Supreme Chancel- 
lors same as Supreme Chan- 
cellor, and to have in addi- 
tion three small stars in sil- 
ver, one at the centre of top, 
and one each at the right 
and left corners at the foot of the strap. 

All other Supreme officers same size, color and embroidery 
as Supreme Chancellor's, with the exception of the escutcheon 
or crest at the ends, in place of which the initials (in old Eng- 
lish characters) of their office, as equally divided as possible, at 
each end of the strap, all in gold. 




PAST GRAND CHANCELLOR. 

Bright red silk velvet, four inches long by two inches wide, 

with two rows of corded 
embroidery each one-eighth 
of an inch wide, and escut- 
cheon or crest of the Order 
embroidered in the middle 
in gold, and the letters e ' P. 
G. C. M (in old English 
characters), embroidered in 




silver on the lower end of the strap. 



238 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



GRAND CHANCELLOR. 
Bright orange silk velvet, same size and embroidery as P, 



G. C.'s, except in centre 
is embroidered, in silver, a 
gauntlet closed and grasp- 
ing the truncheon of office ; 
at the lower end of strap, in 
silver (in old English char- 



ALL OTHER GRAND OFFICERS. 

Same size, design, color, shape, and embroidered as G. C, 
except in centre of strap a shield (instead of gauntlet, etc.); and 
at the lower end (in old English characters) the initials of their 
office, but all in silver. 

PAST CHANCELLOR. 

Bright emerald green silk velvet, three and one-half inches 
long by one and one-half 



inches wide, bordered with 
one row of embroidery, one- 
quarter inch wide, crossed 
battle-axes in centre, and 
letters " P. C." (in old 
English) at lower end, all in silver, 

CHANCELLOR COMMANDER. 

Bright blue silk velvet, same size and design as Past Chan- 
cellor in other respects, ex- -__ aCT - CTCTWaM ^^ 7a ^^ /jr ,. 




cept in centre is embroider- 
ed, in silver, crossed swords, 
and a hand -lance in gold, 
running lengthwise of the 
strap, through the swords, 
head towards the foot, and the letters " C. C 
characters) at the foot of the strap, in silver* 



(in old English 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 



239 




VICE CHANCELLOR. 
The same as C. C, except instead of cross swords in centre, 
is simply a tilting lance, 
running lengthwise, head 
toward the foot of the strap, 
and letters "V. C." (in 
old English characters) on 
either side of the head of 
lance, all in silver. 

OTHER SUBORDINATE LODGE OFFICERS. 
Same as C. C. and V. G, in color and embroidery, on edges, 
no design, but with simply the letters (in old English) or ini- 
tials indicative of the various officers in triangular arrangement 
in the centre. 

DISTINCTIONS. 

Pages, Esquires, Knights, Chancellors, Past Chancellors, and 
Grand officers (of less rank than Grand Chancellor), will wear 
white metal, or silver wherever metal, embroidery, or lace ap- 
pears, unless otherwise specifically stated. Grand and Past 
Grand Chancellors, Supreme and Past Supreme officers, yellow 
metal or gold, wherever metal embroidery, or lace appears, 
unless otherwise specifically stated. 

Whereas, There exists considerable agitation among some of our Knights 
in the several jurisdictions, that the uniform adopted at the Philadelphia Ses- 
sion, 1 87 1, may be changed, and which impression has been detrimental to 
the object of uniforming, therefore, in order to satisfy the inquiries made, 
be it 

Resolved, 1st. That so much of the uniform adopted at said session, known 
as the Fatigue Dress, be re-adopted, and the Knights of the World are as- 
sured that this portion of the uniform is permanently established as a portion 
of our uniform. 2d That the subject of uniforming shall not be compulsory 
upon the Knights of our Order, and that every member shall have the right 
to uniform or not, as they may deem proper. — Session of. 1872. 

Resolved, That all portions of the uniform or Outside Regalia, as estab- 
lished by the action of this Supreme Body at its session held in Philadelphia, 
A. D. 1 87 1, P. P. the Eighth, except the helmet, oriflamme, gorget, and 



240 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

cloak, be and are hereby declared in its present shape and detail, the perma- 
nent uniform or Outside Regalia for the use of this Order, and which shall 
not be changed, mutilated, or reduced in any sense of substitution for the 
space and term of ten years from the date of this present session. — Session 
0/1872. 

THE FLAG OF THE ORDER. 

The Regulation Flag is to be six feet long, and two feet six 
inches wide. Any other sized Flag must be, in width, two- 
thirds of the length. 

Material to be Silk, Bunting, or Muslin. Colors, Blue, Yel- 
low, and Red, equal size, vertical. 

Shield of Supreme Lodge, Purple. P and Tilting Spear Yel- 
low. 

Shield of Grand Lodge, Red. P and Tilting Spear Yellow. 

Shield of Subordinate Lodge, Red and White, Red above. 
P and Tilting Spear Yellow. 

The Shield, letter P, and Spear may be painted or worked. 

No other letter, mark, device, or figure of any kind whatever, 
should be placed upon the Flag, as it is the distinctive standard 
for a body of Knights of Pythias, Supreme, Grand, or Subordi- 
nate. 

The Tilting Spear distinguishes Knight, and the letter P 
Pythias. — Supreme Lodge, 1871. 

THE BANNER OF THE ORDER. 

The Banner of the Order shall be composed of three pieces of 
silk, of color and size as follows: Dark Blue, size 18x30 inches 
[upper left side]. Orange or Yellow, size 18x30 inches [upper 
right side]. Crimson or Red, size 24x36 inches [below the 
blue and yellow]. Colors to be placed as per diagram. The 
full size of Banner to be 3x4} feet. Shield in centre to be 
White, size 18 x 24 inches. The device on shield to be the dis- 
tinction of rank of Lodge — Supreme, Grand, or Subordinate. 

For Supreme Lodge. — A Globe, and in circle around it to be 
the words : " Supreme Lodge of the World, Knights of Pythias. " 

For Grand Lodge. — The Grand Lodge or State seal, and in 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 24I 

circle around the same: " Grand Lodge of Knights of 

Pythias." 

For Subordinate Lodge. — Knights Pythias' cut or escutcheon, 
with name and number of Lodge and location. 

On edge of Banner, all around, fine gold lines, i£ inches 
wide. On bottom, gilt fringe 3 or 3 J inches deep. Staff to be 
of oak or other suitable wood, 7 or 8 feet long. On top of 
staff, spear head ; on ends of cross-piece, ball and falcon spear 
heads. All marks, devices, designs, etc., on Banner to be in 
gold, or gold and black. 



ABOU BEN ADHEM. 

Abou Ben Adhem (may his tribe increase) ! 

Awoke one night from a deep dream of peace, 

And saw, within the moon-light in his room, 

Making it rich and like a lily in bloom, 

An angel writing in a book of gold \ 

Exceeding peace had made Ben Adhem bold, 

And to the presence in the room he said, 

" What writest thou ? M The vision raised its head, 

And, with a look made of all sweet accord, 

Answered, " The names of those who love the Lord." 

" And is mine one ? " said Abou. " Nay, not so," 

Replied the Angel. Abou spake more low, 

But cheerily still ; and said, " I pray thee, then, 

Write me as one that loves his fellowmen. ,, 

The Angel wrote, and vanished. The next night 

It came again with a great wakening light, 

And showed the names whom love of God had blessed — 

And, lo ! Ben Adhem's name led all the rest. 

— Leigh Hunt 

21 Q 



ODES AND CHANTS 

FOR THE 

ORDER OF K. P. 

Published by Authority of the Supreme Lodge. 



OPENING ODE. 



AMERICA. 



I 



1. Great God, to thee we raise Our hope-ful song of praise ; 

2. Let brothers, hand in hand, True to each other - er stand 



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Grant us thy love. Let us in friendship be, Let us har- 
Throughout all time ; And, when life's la - bor 's o'er, And we leave 



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time's earthly shore, May we meet, to part no more, In heav'n above. 



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244 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



CLOSING ODE. 



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CLOSING ODE. 



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For Subordinate Lodges. 



Words by H. R. WILLIAMS. 



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With honor and respect 

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DEDICATION ODE. 

Words by Rev, JOEL SWARTZ. 



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To keep our mystic banner bright, 

As on our columns go ; 
No coward fear shall us divide, 
Whatever fortune may betide, 
But, like brave Knights, we will outrida 

Our most determined foe. 



3. And, should our single courage fail, 
And some brave heart begin to quail 

When standing all alone, — 
Here let it be our common aim, 

In F , C , B 's name, 

To fan the faint, expiring flame, 

Which once more brightly shone. 



250 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



INSTALLATION ODE. 

For Supreme and Grand Officers. 



Words by Rev, JOEL SWARTZ. 



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With a firm and gentle hand ; 
Banish from us all disorder, 
Keep us a united band. 

3. Cloth'd with your official honors, 

We will heed the charge you give ; 
Follow where you plant our banners, 
Worthy of our mottoes live. 



WELCOME SONG. 

Words by SEATON D0N0H0. 



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Yet with C come ye here ; 

Guard your souls, that evil never 

In our knightly camp appear; 
Come with C , saving C , 

Banishing all forms of fear ; 
Then from mind to mind shall be, 

Heart to heart, true unity. 

3. Welcome, Brothers, welcome ever; 

Break the bands that hold ye hence; 
Needs it only one endeavor, 

Wrong is only impotence ! 
Come with B , come with B , 

Modest, strong, the soul of sense; 
Then from mind to mind shall be, 

Heart to heart, true unity. 



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THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



WELCOME SONG. 

Dedicated to Gem City Lodge, No. 21, JT. of JP, 

Words by KATE HARRINGTON. Tune, " Pull for the Shore." 



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Give us a brother's right your griefs to beguile; 
Sealed with our signet, then your journey pursue, 
Shielded by the armor of a Knight firm and true. — Chorus. 

3. Claim our protection, strangers, friendless and lone, 
Never a Knight was deaf to poverty's moan; 
Never his hand withheld from generous deed, 

Never yet his voice refused for justice to plead.— Chorus. 

4. Hand clasped in hand, brothers, Friendship unites, 
Heart pledged to heart, brothers, Charity plights; 
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Lights the gloom of sorrow's night with beams from afar,— Cho 1 



254 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



MARCH FOR FIRST DEGREE.— FIRST PART. 

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MARCH FOR THE FIRST DEGREE.— SECOND PART, 



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GRAND MARCH. 

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CLASP HAND IN HAND. 



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We '11 show the world we mean to be Not merely knights by name. 



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THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



GRAND RALLYING SONG 

Words by SEATOtf DOTOHO. 



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2. From the centre to the circle, we will speak to ev'ry heart, 

Whispering our motto-word of C ; 

Whoever loves the truth, let him come and act his part! 
Whispering our motto-word of C . 

Chorus. — Hurrah for our Order, etc. 

3. Let us never faint or fear, but with eager steps advance, 

Shouting our motto-word of B , 

With Benevolence our shield, and with Charity our lance, 
Shouting our motto-word of B . 



CHORUS.— Hurrah for our Order, etc. 



262 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



GRAND MARCH OF THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. 

0. E. VARDON. 
Introduction* _ , p^ 



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THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



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BLANK FORMS USED BY KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. 



FORM OF RECORDS OF A MEETING. 



Castle Hall of Gem City Lodge, No. 21, K. op P., 
Fort Madison, Iowa, December 1 1, 1876. 

Regular meeting of Gem City Lodge, No. 21, K. of P. 

Lodge opened in due form, Chancellor Commander J. D. M. Hamilton 
presiding. 

Roll of officers called, and Knights John H. Weston and M. Morris found 
to be absent. 

Minutes of previous meeting read and approved. 

Bro. A. L. Courtright, who was absent at the last regular meeting, stated 
that he was prevented from attending on account of sickness in his family. 
On motion, he was excused. 

Bro. A. Morrison announced that Bro. Charles P. Breitenstein, living on 
Front Street, was taken sick on Thursday last. 

The Chancellor Commander stated that he had called upon Bro. Taylor 
and found him very sick ; Bro. J. F. Edwards, improving ; and Bro. J. W. 
Albright, Jr., had gone to work. He ordered one week's benefits for Bros. 
Taylor and Edwards, and appointed Bros. Jacobs, Nunn, Rasnick, and Kiel 
to watch with Bro. Taylor during the nights of the coming week. 

The committee on the petition of G. N. Vermilion reported favorably. 
He was then balloted for, and elected. Mr. Vermilion being in waiting, the 
Lodge opened in the Rank of Page, when he was duly initiated into the 
mysteries of that Rank. 

The Lodge then closed in the Rank of Page and opened in that of Esquire. 
Page Gilmer being in waiting, and having been elected at a previous meet- 
ing, was proved in the Rank of Esquire. 

The Lodge was then duly closed in the Rank of Esquire and opened in 
the Rank of Knight. 

The petition of Dr. A. C. Roberts, recommended by Bros. McConn and 
Hale, was received, and referred to Bros. Blackburn, Babcock, and Prichett. 

The committee on new hall reported that they had conferred with J. D. 
Coriell and John C. Atlee relative to fitting up the third stories of their brick 
blocks, but had no definite proposition from either party. On motion, the 
committee was continued, with instructions to secure a more commodious 
hall. Bros. S. H. Craig and J. W. Frow were added to said committee. 

The amendment to the By-Laws, offered by Bro. Montandon, to make the 
dues $6.00 per annum instead of $4.00, was then taken up. After a spirited 
and lengthy discussion, the amendment was adopted. 

268 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 269 

The communication (No. 25) from the G. K. of R. and S., giving names 
of suspended and expelled members for the last term, was then read, and 
ordered filed. 

A communication (No. 26) was read from Capital City Lodge, No. 29, of 
Des Moines, Iowa, warning this Lodge against John E. Brown, an expelled 
member, who is travelling in Iowa, obtaining money from members of the 
Order. On motion, the communication was received and filed. 

The bill of James C. Adams for one cord of wood, at $4.00, was read, 
and ordered paid. 

DISBURSEMENTS : 

Bro. Taylor, benefits $5.00 

Bro. Edwards, benefits 5.00 

One cord of wood 4.00 

$14.00 
RECEIPTS FOR THE EVENING: 

G. N. Vermilion, fee for Page's Rank $10.00 

Jacob Stewart's fee for Esquire's Rank 5.00 

George W. Furtney, Jr., dues 4.00 

$19.00 

There being no further business, the Lodge closed in due form. 

R. G. RASNICK, 

K. of R. and S. 



PETITION FOR DISPENSATION. 



Snijjhte of fteihiaa. 



Co % (Srattb Chancellor, #fficm anb fjUmbew of t|je (Sranb JTobge, JState of 

Gentlemen. — The undersigned respectfully petition your Honorable Body 
to grant them a Dispensation to establish a Lodge of Knights of Pythias, to 

be located in the town or city of ..> , county of , 

said Lodge to be known as Lodge, No , of Knights 

of Pythias, of the State of and under your jurisdiction. 

Dispensation Fee enclosed, $ 



Name. 


Age. 


Occupation. 


Residence. 




























270 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

DISPENSATION. 



Intghts of fgthtas. 



ge, That the Grand Chancellor and 0ffice7-s of the Grand Lodge of 
the State of , Kn ights of Pyth ias, 

Reposing especial trust and confidence in the following Knights and their 
successors, 



doth hereby grant this Dispensation to Institute h |Tobge at 

to be hailed by the title of Lodge, No , for the 

purpose of promulgating and practising the great principles of PYTHIAN 
FRIENDSHIP, and for the encouragement and support of Brother Knights 

when on travel or otherwise. And the said Lodge, No , being duly 

and lawfully formed, is hereby authorized and empowered to initiate into 
and confer the 

DEGREES OP PAGE, ESQUIRE, AND KNIGHT, 

according to the Constitution and General Laws of the Order, as established 
by the Supreme Lodge of the World, upon all persons duly proposed and 
lawfully qualified to receive the same, and to administer to Pages, Esquires, 
and Knights all the privileges and benefits arising from the Order. 

And the said Lodge, No , doth solemnly promise to act according to 

the laws of the Order, and in obedience to the commands and enactments of 
this Grand Lodge, until this Dispensation is revoked by a Charter from the 

Grand Lodge of the State of.'. , which derives its authority from the 

Supreme Lodge of the World, Knights of Pythias. In default thereof, this 
Dispensation may be suspended or taken away at the pleasure of the 
Grand Chancellor. 

Jtt WWvLtm iofyzttaf, we have hereunto subscribed our names, 

and affixed the seal of this Grand Lodge, this 

day of Anno Domini and of 

the Pythian Period the 



Grand Chancellor* 

Attest, 

Q. K. of P. & £ 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 2J\ 

APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP. 



Inights of fgtluas. 



18 . 

&o % ©fficrrs attb lumbers of |£obge, |Jo of 

Having conceived a favorable impression of your Chivalric Order, both 
from observation and a perusal of the Constitution and By-Laws of your 
Lodge, I herewith present myself as a Candidate for Initiation, with a view 
to further advancement and membership. I am of sound bodily health, and 
a believer in the existence of a Supreme Being. If accepted, I promise a 
full and due observance of all Laws that may govern the Lodge and the 
Order. 

I have before applied for initiation in Lodge. 

Signature ,» Age 

Residence Occupation 

Place of Business 

Application must be made in the applicant ' s own handwriting. 

From personal knowledge of the above named applicant, we recommend 
that he be accepted. 

Bro Bro 

Fee enclosed, $ 

The initiation fee must accompany this application. 



[ENDORSEMENT ON BACK.] 

[No ] 

InijjMs of ggthtas. 

Application of for Initiation. 

A. D. 18 , P. P., 

Received and referred to 

• i 

Investigating 



;•■ \ 

J 

.A. D. 18 , P. P. 



Committee. 



272 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

We, the undersigned Committee, appointed to investigate the character and 
standing of the within named applicant, beg leave to report that we have 
attended to our duty, and « ; 



Committee, 



Applicant balloted for and A. D. 18 , and of the 

Pythian Period the Initiated. 18 . 

Proved 18 . Charged 18 . 



K. of R. & S. 
Fee, $ Received 18 . 



Master of Finance. 
APPLICATION FOR RANK OF ESQUIRE. 



f nights of JPathiaa. 

JURISDICTION OF 

18 . 

fro i\t Officers anb Pembers of % obge, $to 

The undersigned, having been regularly initiated in the rank of PAGE, is 
now desirous of being further advanced in a knowledge of this Chivalric 
Order, and herewith respectfully petitions that, if deemed worthy, he may 
be proved in the Second or Armorial rank of ESQUIRE. 

Signature 

Fee, $ enclosed. 

[ENDORSEMENT .ON BACK.] 

Iniighte of iQtbiBS. 

Application of. for advancement to the Armorial 

Rank of Esquire. 

Received , 18 

Applicant balloted for and A. D. 18 , and 

of the Pythian Period the 

K.of R.& S. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT- BOOK. 2?$ 

APPLICATION FOR RANK OF KNIGHT. 

Intjgftta ojf Jjthiaa. 

JURISDICTION OF 

18 . 

fto % ©fficew anb |$£mtars of f obo,e. go 

The undersigned, having been regularly initiated in the Rank of PAGE, 
and/r<w«/in the Armorial Rank of ESQUIRE, again desires advancement, 
and respectfully petitions that he may receive a full knowledge of the mys- 
teries of this Order, by being charged in the high, honorable, and Chivalric 
Rank of KNIGHT, and also asks that he may be admitted a member of the 
Lodge. 

Signature 

Fee, $ enclosed. 

[endorsement on back.] 

f nights of jpgthtaa. 

Application of for advancement to the Chivalric 

Rank of Knight, and to Membership. 

Received 18 

Applicant balloted for and A. D. 18 , and 

of the Pythian Period the 



K. of R. 6- S. 
CERTIFICATE OF MEMBERSHIP. 



intghts oj {jgthias. 



STATE OF.. 



&(ris is to certtfg, that Brother was regularly admitted a 

of. No , by , on 

the day of. , 18 

Jn Witness fo^ereof, we have hereunto set our hands, and af- 
fixed the seal of our Lodge, this day of , 18 . 



c. a 

K.of R.& S. 



274 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

ADMISSION BY CARD. 



Inlghts of ygtftiu. 

A. D., 18 , 

And of the Pythian Period the 

<fto \\i #fftem atto UJembers of lobge, go , of ,. 

I, the undersigned, a , and a member of the Order 

holding a valid Withdrawal Card, respectfully represent that I withdrew 

from Lodge, No , of.... , 

in the Jurisdiction of , on the day 

of , A. D., 18 , and of the Pythian Period the ...; 

and now being desirous of again affiliating with the Order, do herewith pre- 
sent to your Chivalric {tody the Withdrawal Card granted me by said 
Lodge, No , and most fraternally and respect- 
fully pray that it may be accepted, and that the Lodge will receive me 
as a member. If accepted, I promise a renewal of all my obligations, and 
a full and due observance of all the requirements of the Order. 

I have before presented my Withdrawal Card to 

Lodge. 

The prescribed fee, viz., $ , accompanies this application. 

Signature Age 

Residence Occupation 

Place of Business 

Application must be made in the applicant's own handwriting. 

From personal knowledge of the applicant, we recommend his prayer be 
granted. 

Bro Bro 

[endorsement on back.] 

Imghia of fatitiM. 

Application of for Admission by Card. 

A. D., 18 , P. P 

Received and referred to 



Investigating 
Committee. 



A. D., 18 , P. P 

We, the undersigned Committee, appointed to investigate the character and 
standing of the within named applicant, beg leave to report that we have at- 
tended to our duty, and report 



Committee. 



Applicant balloted for and A. D., 18 , and 

of the Pythian Period the 

'""k.'oJ'r.'&S. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK, 2/5 

REINSTATEMENT. 



Intghts of jputhias. 

A. D., 18 , 

And of the Pythian Period the 

&o % Officers anh fffemta of ICobge, #o ,oi 

The undersigned respectfully represents that he was formerly a member of 

your Lodge, but was suspended from membership 18 , 

for non payment of dues, and. wishing to be again enrolled on the Roster of 
your Chivalric Order, does hereby most respectfully petition to be reinstated 
into full membership in your Lodge and the Order. 

The amount of arrearages to the present date, viz., $ , accompanies 

this petition. 

Signature Age 

Residence Occupation 

Place of Business 

Application must be made in the applicant' s own handwriting. 

From personal know ledge of the applicant, we recommend his prayer be 
granted. 

Bro Bro 



[endorsement on back.] 
[No ] 

Intgttis oj fgthtas. 

Application of for Reinstatement. 

A. D., 18 , P. P. 

Received and referred to 



Investigating 
Committee . 



We, the undersigned Committee, appointed to investigate the character 
and standing of the within named applicant, beg leave to report that we have 
attended to our duty, and find that 



Committee. 



Applicant balloted for and A. D., 18 , and 

of the Pythian Period the 



K.of R.Gr S. 
Fee,$ , ...Received 18 . 



Master of Finance, 



276 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

COMMITTEE NOTICE. 



Intjghta of fgtluas* 



Castle Hall of Lodge, No. , Jurisdiction of 

A. D., 18 , 

And of the Pythian Period the 

Bro. Knight... 

You have been appointed, in connection with Brother Knights 



a Committee of Investigation on the application of Mr 

for Initiation. 

Place of Residence Place of Business 

Occupation Age 

A report will be due from you one week from the above date. 



[SEAL.] K.ofR.& S. 



NOTIFICATION OF ELECTION. 



fntghts of J&ttttaa. 



Castle Hall of Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of 

A. D., 18 , 

And of the Pythian Period the 

To 

An application having been received from you for 

in this Lodge, upon a ballot being taken you were elected, and you are ac- 
cordingly notified to be present at the Castle Hall of this Lodge, No 

Street, on evening, 

18 , at o'clock, at which place and 

time you will receive the honors conferred upon you by that election. 



[seal.] K. of R. &> S. 

The Rank of Page is conferred on the first .evening in each month. 

" " Esquire " " second " " " 

" " Knight " " third " " « 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 2J7 

NOTIFICATION OF REJECTION. 



Imgftta of $gthias. 

Castle Hall of Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of 

.....A. D., 18 , 

And of the Pythian Period the 

To 

It is my duty to notify you that, upon ballot being taken, an application 

from you for was rejected. 

The amount $ , accompanying your application, is herewith returned. 



[SEAL.] K. of R. & S 

EXTRACT FROM THE LAWS OF THE ORDER. 

"... he shall be declared rejected, and no other balloting for the same applicant shall 
take place in any Lodge of the Order within the jurisdiction, until the expiration of six 
months thereafter." 



NOTIFICATION OF INDEBTEDNESS. 



Inighte of Jgthiaa. 

Castle Hall of Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of... 

A. D., 18 , 

And of the Pythian Period the 

To Bro 

You are hereby notified that you are IN ARREARS, and indebted to this 
Lodge, as follows : 

For Quarterly Dues, from , 18 , to , 18 . .$ 

For Assessment, W. and O. Fund 

For Assessment, Funeral ...... 



Fraternally Yours in F. C. B., 



Total," 



Master of Finance. 

EXTRACT FROM THE CONSTITUTION. 

" Any member [six months*] in arrears to the Lodge shall be declared suspended from 
all benefits and privileges ; and any member who is one year in arrears shall be declared 
suspended from membership until the payment of his arrearages ; and no brother shall re- 
ceive the S. A. P. W. unless he is square upon the books ; nor can any brother be permitted 
to remain in the Lodge-Room unless he is in possession of the S. A. P.W, — Art, IX. , Sec, I 



24 



* Note. — Subject to local law. 



278 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 
NOTIFICATION OF SUSPENSION. 



Intjghts of fgthtas. 



Castle Hall of Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of 

A. D., 18 , 

And of the Pythian Period the 

To 

It is my duty to notify you, that being in ARREARS to this Lodge to the 

amount of $ , one year's dues, your case was brought to the notice 

of the Lodge at the stated. meeting held 18 , 

and in accordance with the provisions of Article X., Section I., of the Consti- 
tution you are declared suspended from membership from that date. 



[seal.] K.ofR.&S. 

OFFICIAL RECEIPT FOR DUES. 



[Not genuine unless bearing on its back the Seal of the Supreme Lodge, and 
signature of the Supreme Keeper of Records and Seal.] 

No lobgc, gto $. of 1 

Ic 

Received of Brother 

Dues from ,18 , to ,18 . . . $ 



Assessments 

Widows' and Orphans' Fund 

Other Claims . ... 



[Impress Lodge Seal on this Receipt.] 



Total, 
Master of Finance. 



[printed on back.] 
LEGISLATION ON RECEIPT FOR DUES. 

OFFICE OF THE SUPREME K. OF R. &S". 

Columbus, Ohio, June 24, 1875. 
Pythian Period XIV. 

At the Seventh Annual Session of the Supreme Lodge Knights of Pythias of the World, 
held in the city of Washington, Grand Jurisdiction of the District of Columbia, May 18, 19, 
20, 21, and 22, 1875, the following was adopted : 

" Whereas, Much trouble and difficulty have from time to time occurred from the want 
of an authoritative receipt which shall, upon its face, not only show the payment of all claims 
of the Lodge against a Brother, but also be authoritative evidence to the Order throughout 
the world, not cnly of membership, but good standing in the Order; therefore, be it 

"Resolved, That theSupreme Chancellor and Supreme Keeper of Records and Seal^be, 
and hereby are, authorized to issue receipts, which shall be furnished to all Grand and Sub- 
ordinate Lodges at $2.00 per 100 ; and that no receipt shall be authoritative or evidence of 
payment of dues, assessments, or other claims of the Lodge against a member of a Subor- 
dinate Lodge, unless written upon such receipt, and bearing the Seal of the Supreme Lodge. 

"Resolved, That the receipt above mentioned go into effect on and after July 1, 1875." 

Joseph Dowdall, 
[seal.] S. K. of R. & S, 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 279 

NOTIFICATION OF REINSTATEMENT. 



fttigttte of Pgtftiaa." 

Castle Hall of Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of 

A. D. 18 , 

And of the Pythian Period the 

To 

Your application for reinstatement in this Lodge has been duly con- 
sidered, and I hereby notify you that the Lodge has decided to grant your 
petition, and accordingly you are reinstated in this Lodge, thereby again be- 
coming entitled to all privileges, benefits, and honors arising from the Order. 



[seal.] 



K of R. & S. 



NOTICE OF REJECTIONS, SUSPENSIONS, ETC. 



To 



Intgftfs of jpgtltiaa. 

Castle Hall of Lodge, No 

A. D., 18 

And of the Pythian Period the 



Grand Keeper of Records and Seal* 
Sir and Brother : In accordance with the requirements of the Constitu- 
tion for Subordinate Lodges, you are hereby notified that the following named 
persons were by this Lodge, on Evening, 18 . 



Names. 


Age. 


Occupation. 


Residence. 


Remarks. 





































Fraternally Yours, in F. C. B., 



[SEAL.] K of R. 6- S. 

[This Blank to be used for Rejections, Suspensions, and Reinstatements.] 
[ENDORSEMENT ON BACK.] 

NOTICE OF REJECTIONS, SUSPENSIONS, ETC. 

from fobge, gto 

A. D., 18 , 

And of the Pythian Period the 



28o 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



NOTIFICATION OF ATTENDANCE. 



Intjghta of fgthtaa. 



Castle Hall of Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of 

A. D., 18 , 

And of the Pythian Period the 

To Bro...: 

You are hereby notified to attend a convention of this Lodge, to be held 

on evening, being the day of , 

187 , at o'clock, at the usual place of meeting. 

The special business of this Convention is..... 

Per order, 

[SEAL.] K. o/R. dr* S. 

OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES. 



Sntflhta of fetfuas- 

Castle Hall of Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of. ...... 

For the Term commencing.. 18 , and ending 18 

Roll of Officers. 



Titles. 


Names of Officers. 
















p. c. 


















c. c 


















v. c 


















p 

K. of R. & S. 
M. of F 


















































M.of E 

M. at A 

I G 


















































O G 






























1 





If absent at Roll-Call, mark thus, | ; but if present during the meeting, to be marked thus,— 

Representative, Trustees, Attendants, and Standing 

Committees. 
Representative to Grand Lodge. Auditing Committee. 



Trustees. 
Attendants. 



Relief Co?n7nittee. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 28l 

SUMMONS. 



Inigltta of J gthfas. 

Hall of Lodge, No 

A. D., 18 . 

Bro. Knight 

You are hereby summoned to attend a convention of this Lodge, to be held 

on evening, being the day of , 

187 , at o'clock, at the usual place of meeting; and in evidence of 

which, herewith witness our hands and Seal of said Lodge, at , 

this day of , 18 , and of Pythian Period the 

, C. C 

[seal.] , K. of R. &> 6". 

APPLICATION FOR DISPENSATION. 



intghts of Jgthtaa. 

Castle Hall of Lodge, No 

A. D., 18 , 

And of the Pythian Period the 

To 

District Deputy Grand Chancellor, Pyth ian District. 

Sir and Brother : This Lodge submits this application for a Dispensa- 
tion to your consideration, and respectfully asks that the same may be granted. 



No. 



Purpose. 



Name, Age, Occupation, and Reasons for Appli 
Residence of Candidate. 



cation. 



The prescribed Fee, $ , is herewith enclosed. 

Fraternally submitted, in F. C. B., 
[SEAL.] , C. C. 

Attest: , K. of R. & S. 

[endorsement on back.] 

APPLICATION FOR DISPENSATION. 

Jtom £ obgc, go , gistrirf go 

A. D., 18 , 

And of the Pythian Period the 

No Purpose 



Name of Candidate 

Application received and approved, and a Dispensation granted 

, A. D., 18 , and of the Pythian Period the 

Amount of Fee, $ , forwarded to G. K. of R. & S. 



Dist. Deputy G. C Pythian Dist. 

[The Deputy will forward this Application to the Q. C, with his Report for the term.] 
24* 



282 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

APPLICATION FOR INSTALLATION. 



Inights 4 JPgthtaa. 

Castle Hall of Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of. 

: A. D., 18 , 

And the Pythian Period the 

To P. C 

District Deputy Grand Chancellor of. Pythian District. 

Sir and Brother: At the stated meeting held 18 , 

the Brethren named below were elected Officers of this Lodge for the ensu- 
ing term, and they, together with such appointive Officers as may be selected, 

will be ready for installation on . evening, 18 , 

at which time the Lodge will be pleased to receive you in your official 
capacity for the performance of that duty. 

C. C ! .....K.ofR. &S. 

V. C M. ofF. 

P M. of E. 

Fraternally Yours in F. C. B., 



[SEAL.] K. of R. &> S. 

CERTIFICATE OF GOOD STANDING. 



Iiu fl hts of lathtaa. 



Castle Hall of Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of 

To any Chancellor Commander, Greeting : 

This certifies that the bearer, Bro ..., a in rank, is a 

member in good standing on the Roster of this Lodge, and is fully qualified 

and entitled to receive the S, A. P. W. for the term ending 

he being square on the books to that date ; and it is our request that you 
communicate the same to him, first proving him, by an examination, to be a 
member of the Order. 

|n WMnm hereof, we have hereunto affixed our hands 

and the Seal of this Lodge, at this the 

[seal.] day of A. D. 18 , and of the 

Pythian Period the 

""a C. 

K.ofR.&S. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. -283 

PAST CHANCELLOR CREDENTIAL. 



Intjghts of Jgtfttaa. 



[Note. — The "Pythian Period" commences on February 19, 1864, and runs 
Yearly from that date.] 

Castle Hall of Lodge, No.... , Jurisdiction of 

%\\% is to Certtfg, That P. C , having been 

duly qualified, passed the C. C.'s chair of this Lodge, being clear of the 
books, and under no charge/is fully qualified and entitled to become a mem- 
ber, and be enrolled as such upon the Grand Roster of the Grand Lodge 
Knights of Pythias of 

§n Witness bstyxtaf, we nave hereunto affixed our hands 

and the Seal of this Lodge, this day 

of , A. D. 18 , and of Pythian 

Period the... at 



C. C. 



[seal.] K. of R. 6* S. 



Memoranda, f Past Chancellor's Occupation . 

.... ... . < " Age 

which invariably put in : J u Residence.. 



To be filled in duplicate, one to be given to the person entitled, the other sent to G. K. 
of R. &S. 

[ENDORSEMENT ON BACK.] 

PAST CHANCELLOR CREDENTIAL 

Of. , Issued by Lodge, No 

18 , to the Grand Lodge K. of P. of 

for Session of 18 . Received and Filed 18 , 

and referred to Committee on Returns and Credentials. 



G. K. ofR. dr> S. 

Received the within Credential from the G. K. of R. & S. in regular course, 

have examined the same and find it correct, in accordance with the laws 

of this Grand Lodge, and the bearer entitled to admission to the Grand 

Lodge K. of P. of , and all rights and privileges accruing 

to him under this said Credential. 



Chairman Com. on R. &■ C. 

18 . 

Remarks .....,., 



284' 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



PAST CHANCELLOR'S TRANSFER CREDENTIAL 



intflhts of f atkiaa. 

Castle Hall of Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of... 

4, and runs 



[Note. — The " Pythian Period '* commences on February, 19, : 
Yearly from that date.] 

ST^m is to Certifg, That having been 

duly qualified and advanced to the Rank of Past Chancellor of this Lodge, 
being clear of the Books and under no charge, is hereby granted this transfer 
Credential indicating his Rank, which fully entitles him to be enrolled as such 
by any Lodge K. of P. when otherwise having conformed to the laws of the 
Order by presenting and depositing a Withdrawal Card in due and regular 
form, and thereupon he shall be recognized with the Rank and title of Past 
Chancellor upon the Roster of any Lodge of which he becomes a member. 
Jn Mitrress foljercot, we have hereunto affixed our hands 

and the Seal of this Lodge, this day 

[SEAL.] of .' , A. D., 18 , and of Pythian Period 

the at 

£ C. 



Memoranda, 
which invariably put in 



.{ 



Past Chancellor's Occupation. 
Age 

" Residence .. 



[endorsement on back.] 



GRAND LODGE AUTHENTICATION, 

CfjiS is to &rrttfD, that Past Chancellor 

of. Lodge, No 

became a member of, was regularly invested 
with said high, honorable, and responsible 
rank, and has been enrolled on the Roster 
of the Grand Lodge of , as en- 
titled to and bearing the same, at the session 
of that Grand Body, held in the month of 

, A. D., 18 , and of the P. P. 

the in the City of. 

In OTttness upftmof, herewith 

find my official signature and seal 

[g. l. s.]« of the Grand Lodge K. of P. of. .. 



G.K.ofR.&S. 
SUBORDINATE LODGE AUTHENTICATION. 

2TIjt3 ts to (Certtfg, That Past Chancellor 



became a member of this Lodge by deposit- 
ing a Withdrawal Card in regular form, in 
accordance with the laws of the GRAND 

LODGE K. OF P. OF , with 

the evidence of having attained the rank of 
Past Chancellor, by this proper Credential. 
Now, therefore, do we hereby authenticate 
the same by the signatures as below and 

Seal of this Lodge, this day of. , 

18 , and of P. P. the... at Castle Hall 

of. Lodge, No , K. of P. 

C C 

j>eal.] '''Z'!^!^Z^Z^k'o7r^s. 



THE TRANSFER CREDENTIAL 
of P. c , 

issued by Lodge, No , 

18 , to the GRAND 

LODGE K. OF P. OF 

Received and Filed 18 , 

and referred to Committee on Returns and 
Credentials. 



G. K. ofR. & S. 

Received the within Credential from the 
G. K. of R. & S. in regular course, have 

examined the same and find it correct, 

in accordance with the laws of this Grand 
Lodge, and the bearer entitled to ad- 
mission to the GRAND LODGE K. OF P. 

OF , and all rights and 

privileges accruing to him under this said 
Credential. 



Chairman Com. on R. &>. C. 



Remarks.. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 285 

REPRESENTATIVE CREDENTIAL. 



■ SntjgWa of Jjthiaa- 

[Note. — The "Pythian Period" commences on February 19, 1864, ana " runs 
Yearly from that date.] 

Castle Hall of Lodge, No , Grand Jurisdiction of 

&{yij* is to Ccrtifg, That Past Chancellor 

has been duly elected a Representative of this Lodge, to the Grand Lodge 

Knights of Pythias of , to serve from the 

day of , 18 , to the Annual Session of the Grand Lodge, 

held the day of , 18 , P. P. the 

|n Witness fofjcrtof, we have hereunto affixed our hands 

and the Seal of this Lodge, this , day 

[SEAL.] of A. D., 18 , and of Pythian Period 

the....- at 



C. C. 

Attest: 

IC.ofR.&S. 



Memoranda, 1 Representative's Occupation. 

' > >- " Age 

which invariably put in : J « Residence... 



To be filled in duplicate, one to be given to the person entitled, the other sent to G. K- 
of R. and S. 

[ENDORSEMENT ON BACK.] 

REPRESENTATIVE CREDENTIAL 

Of P. C , Issued by Lodge, No 

18 , to the Grand Lodge K. of P. of. 

for Session of 18 . Received and Filed 18 , 

and referred to Committee on Returns and Credentials. 



G. K. of R. & S. 

Received the within Credential from the G. K. of R. & S. in regular course. 

have examined the same and find it correct, in accordance with the laws 

of this Grand Lodge, and the bearer entitled to admission to the Grand 

Lodge K. of P. of , and all rights and privileges accruing 

to him under this said Credential. 



Chairman Com. on R. (Sr 9 C. 
.18 . 



Remarks. 



286 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

PETITION FOR CHARTER. 



f nights of $gthias- 



&o % (Sranh Chancellor, #ffi«rs, attb IJUmbtrs of % <&ranb ITobge, (Sranb gttrig- 
bittiott of 

The undersigned, officers of, and acting in behalf of 

Lodge, U. D., located at , in this Grand Jurisdiction, 

would represent that said Lodge was instituted on the day of 

, 18 , with members; that it now has a 

total of members; that they have conformed to, and worked under 

the Laws of the Grand Lodge of this Jurisdiction and the usages of the Order ; 
have made the proper Returns required by the Laws of the Grand Lodge, 
which have passed examination and been pronounced correct by your " Grand 
Keeper of Records and Seal/' as also your '• Committee on Returns and Cre- 
dentials; " and knowing of no lawful reason or hindrance thereto, tender here- 
with the amount fixed by law, as the fee in such cases provided, and ask that 
A CHARTER, WITH ARMORIAL ESCUTCHEON AND NUMERI- 
CAL SHIELD therein, be issued to them, and that they be enrolled on the 

ROSTER OF LODGES 
of this Grand Jurisdiction in accordance therewith; and renewing our fealty 
to the Laws, enactments, and decisions of the Grand Lodge, and the rules, 
usages, and work of the Order, we respectfully and fraternally submit this, 

our official request, for your approval or dissent, this day of 

.-, 18 , and of the Pythian Period the 

Charter Fee enclosed, $. 

, C. C. 

[seal.] Attest: K.ofR.&S. 

SHjw is to Ccrttfg, that the above named Lodge, under Dispensation, 

having been under my official supervision since 18 , it gives me much 

pleasure to approve this petition, and I would most respectfully recommend that the prayer 
contained therein be granted, and that a valid and regular CHARTER be issued to them 
by the Grand Lodge. 



District Deputy Grand Chancellor. 
A. D. 18 

And of the Pythian Period the 

[endorsement on back.] 
PETITION FOR CHARTER 

By Lodge, U. D. Made A. D. 18 

And of the Pythian Period the 

Charter Granted by the 

GRAND LODGE, 

At... Session f and issued to the following named 

parties, viz. : 

P. C. M. ofF. 

C. C. M. ofE. 

V. C. M. at A. 

i P. I. G. 

K. of R. & S O. G. 

On A. D. 18 , and of the Pythian Period the 

G. £'of'£& & 



COMPLETE MANUAL AMD TEXT-BOOK. 287 



• LODGE, No. 



, ifc 



Name. 



Age. Occupation. Motto 



Password. 



Original Signature, No 

Witness . , K. of R. &> S. 



APPLICATION FOR CARD. 



Imiflhts of Jgthias. 



A. D., 18 , 

And of the Pythian Period the 

&o % §Joarb of (Urartb (Dffuers of tjje teno ITobge of 

I, the undersigned, a Knight, respectfully represent that I was formerly a 

member of Lodge, No , of. , now defunct ; 

that I was in good standing at the time of its dissolution, and now wishing 
to be again enrolled as a member of the order, do hereby most respectfully 
petition for a Withdrawal Card. 

If it is granted, I promise a renewal of my obligations, with a full and due 
observance of all the requirements of the order. 

The amount due the Lodge, $ , also prescribed fee for Card $ , 

accompanies. 

Signature 

Age Residence 

Occupation Place of Business 

Application must be made in the applicant* s own handwriting 

From personal knowledge of the applicant, we recommend his prayer be 
granted. 

Bro Bro ..' 



[endorsement on back.] 

itotghte of jpgtttiaa. 



Application for Withdrawal Card, by. 

of Lodge, No , of 

Received 18 

Referred to board for action 18 

Voted, That the application be 

Card forwarded 18 



G. K. of R. 6* S. 



288 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS, ETC. 

DISTRICT DEPUTY GRAND CHANCELLOR'S 
COMMISSION. 



IwflMa of jpjthiaa. 

Office of the Grand Chancellor of the Grand Lodge 

Knights of Pythias, Jurisdiction of 

IS , 

p.p ........ 

®a gill Wfyom t\m frmni* mag €omz> greeting : 

fnofo ge, That I,.... Grand Chancellor 

of the Grand Lodge of , by virtue of the authority vested in me, do 

hereby constitute, authorize, and commission Past Chancellor 

of Lodge, No , District Deputy 

Grand Chancellor for the District of or otherwise, 

as by me directed, where his Official duties for, or during the term ending 

18 , (and until his successor is duly qualified) may 

require, to act according to, and under my instructions as the GRAND 
CHANCELLOR of this Grand Jurisdiction and the Constitution and Laws 

governing the Grand Lodge, K. of P., of ., or until revoked by me as 

said Grand Chancellor, prior to the expiration of hereinbefore mentioned 
term. 

It is the duty of the said Deputy to see that the work of the Order is cor- 
rectly communicated to those entitled to receive it, and to see that the Laws 
are strictly enforced. 

It is the duty of all Lodges in said Jurisdiction to yield obedience to all 
lawful instructions of the said Deputy. 

Let all our acts be characterized by energy, fidelity, and devotion to the 
principles of our most Honorable Order. 

Jrt ISrttuss fofjmof, I have hereunto set my hand, and 

caused the Seal of the Grand Lodge of to be 

[SEAL.] affixed at this 

day of. 18 . 



Attest: 



Grand Chancellor. 



G. K. ofR. 6* S. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 289 

APPLICATION FOR INITIATION AND MEMBER- 
SHIP IN A SUBORDINATE LODGE. 



inights of fgthm 



Columbus, , 18 . 

U the ftffictrs mtb gtewbers of fobge, go...., $. | .: 

Having conceived a favorable impression of your honorable Order, and 
read a copy of your Constitution and By-Laws, I ask to become a member of 
your Lodge by [initiation or card]. If accepted, I promise a full and due 
observance of all laws and regulations that govern the. Lodge. 

My age is years; I reside at No Street; and my 

occupation is that of a 

Very respectfully, 



Recommended by Proposition referred to 
Bros Bros , 



Fee inclosed, $ 

NOTICE TO COMMITTEE ON APPLICANTS. 



Iniflhts of jjgthtaa. 



Lodge, No. ..., K. P. 

, ; , 18 . 

Bro , you are hereby notified that you have been appointed on a 

committee to investigate the health and character of His age is .... ; 

occupation ; he resides at , and was recommended by Bros 

Your colleagues are : 

Bros 

, K. of R. (Sr* S. 

REPORT ON APPLICATION. 



fights of Jjthiaa. 



Columbus, , 18 . 

&o % Officers xnb ilembers of fobge, $to. ..., $. $).: 

We, your committee to whom was referred the application of for 

admission by , would beg leave to report that we have discharged the 

duty assigned us, and find the petitioner worthy [or unworthy], and recom- 
mend his election [or rejection]. 
Yours in F., C, and B., 



Committee. 

t J 

25 T 



Zgd THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

PETITION FOR DISPENSATION. 



Ittijghta of jPfithias. 

., Lodge, No. ..., K. P. 

, , 18 

To P. C 

Deputy Grand Chancellor for Lodge \or District'], No. ... K. P. : 

Dear Sir and Bro. : You are respectfully requested to grant to 

Lodge, No , a dispensation permitting us to [confer the three ranks on 

the same evening; or state any other business for which you 

wish a dispensation], 

, C. C. 

[seal.] , K. of R. 6* S. 

DISPENSATION. 



imgitts of iQtfiias. 



I* 



To Lodge, No. ..., K. P.: 

By virtue of the authority invested in me as the Deputy of the Grand Chan- 
cellor for Lodge [or District], No. ..., I hereby grant and allow you to [confer 

all three ranks on the same evening; or whatever petitioned 

for], as set forth in your petition dated , 18... 

D. D. Grand Chancellor. 

ORDER FOR THE S. A. PASS-WORD. 



Intjghta of fgto, 

Lodge, No. ..., K. P. 

,18 

<£o tl;c Chancellor Commanber of ang JCobge of % $. |). to fofncjj t|)is mag be 
p esenteb — 

Greeting: This is to certify that the bearer, , is a member 

of this Lodge in good standing, and is entitled to the pass-word of the cur- 
rent term, which you will please communicate to him, after a strict examina- 
tion. You will please retain or destroy this order. 
Yours in F., C, and B., 

C. C. 
[SEAL.] \ K. of P. 6* S. 



COMPLETE MANUAL Attb TEXT-BOOK. 29I 

NOTICE TO WATCH WITH A SICK BROTHER. 



Iniflttts of jlgttiias. 



Lodge, No. ..., K. P. 

, 18 

Bro. , 

You are hereby notified to watch with Bro on night, 

..., 18.... He resides at No. ..., Street. 

By order of the C. C. 

, K.of R.& S. 

PETITION FOR CHARTER OR DISPENSATION. 



gnijhts of fjsthtas- 



<£o tbe <5ranb Chancellor anb gt embers of the 6ranb ITobge of % |j. : 

The undersigned, residing in , respectfully petition your honor- 
able body to grant them a charter or dispensation to establish a Lodge of the 

Knights of Pythias, to be located in Said Lodge to be known 

as Lodge, No. ..., of Knights of Pythias, and under your juris- 
diction. 

Charter Fee inclosed, $30. 

Signed, 



COMMISSION TO INSTITUTE A LODGE. 



imghts of fgtluas- 

Office of the Grand Chancellor, 

, ,18 

To P. C : 

Dear Sir and Brother: You are hereby commissioned to act as my 
Deputy in instituting a Lodge of the Order of Knights of Pythias, to be 

located at , County, , to be hailed as 

Lodge, No. ..., and to install its first officers, a charter [or dispensation] 
having been granted to said Lodge. 



Grand Chancellor* 



292 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

REPORT OF INSTITUTING OFFICER. 



Inighfs of jpatfuas- 



Co , dkanb Chancellor of % JState of 

Dear Sir and Brother: Assisted by the following Past Chancellors 
[name those acting as Grand officers], I performed the duty specified in my 

commission, and instituted Lodge, No. . . . , located at 

County, , on the day of ,18 , 

and installed the following officers : 

, P. C , K. of R. and S. 

, C. C , M. of F. 

, V. C , M. of E. 

,P. 

[Give any further information that may be necessary.] 
Yours in F., C, and B., 



Special Deputy. 
INSTALLATION REPORT. 



Inujitts of ggthias. 



&o , (Sranb CfyanUlor $. f. of % State of 

Dear Sir and Brother • In compliance with the duty imposed upon me, 

I installed the officers of Lodge, No. ..., on the evening of 

, 18 , after first ascertaining that the reports to the Grand 

Lodge had been made out, and the amounts due the Grand Lodge had been 
drawn from the treasury, and both were ready to be forwarded to the Grand 
Recording and Corresponding Scribe. The names of the officers installed 
are : 

, C. C , K. of R. and S. 

, V. C , M. of F. 

P , M. of E. 

Brother is the Past Chancellor for the ensuing 

term. 

Yours in F., C, and B., 

Deputy* 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 293 

PAST CHANCELLOR'S CERTIFICATE. 



Snijgltts of Jgthtas. 

Lodge, No , K. P. 

fto tht d&ranb f obge of , g. g.: 

This is to certify that P. C , having been duly qualified and 

passed the C. C.'s chair of this Lodge, and being clear of the books and 
under no charge, is fully qualified to become a member of the Grand Lodge 

of 

|m testimony fobmof, we have hereunto affixed our hands 

[SEAL.] and the seal of this Lodge, this day 

of , A. D. 18 

C. C. 
\ K. ofR. & S. 

REPRESENTATIVE'S CERTIFICATE. 



% nights of ftrffuas, 

Lodge, No , K. P. 

®o % (Sranb f obge of , $. J.: 

This is to certify that P. C has been duly elected a Repre- 
sentative of this Lodge, to the Grand Lodge of , for the term of 

one year from the first day of January, 18 

|jtt (rri :ncss fojjercof, we have hereunto subscribed our 

[seal.] names and affixed the seal of our Lodge, at the 

of , this day of , A. D. 18 

C. C. 
', K. of R. 6r» S. 

PETITION FOR REMOVAL OF LODGE. 



Intghts of jtethias. 

fro tjje ^Iranb gfobgc of , gj. *§.: 

The undersigned, Knights in good standing, of Lodge, No , 

now located at , County, , respectfully represent 

that it will be for the advantage of said Lodge in particular, and of the Order 

in general, to have said Lodge removed to , County, 

; we would therefore ask a warrant for its removal. 



, , etc. 

Approved at the regular meeting of Lodge, No , K. P., 

held on evening, , 18 

3§* 



2Q4 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

PETITION FOR REVIVAL OF DEFUNCT 
LODGE. 



Intjgltts of flgtfuas. 



&o% 6nmb fobge of , $. f .: 

The undersigned, respectfully represent that we were Knights in good 

standing of Lodge, No , located at , County, 

, at the time it surrendered its charter and effects and became de- 
funct. Believing that it would be for the good of the Order to have said 
Lodge revived at the present time, we would respectfully request that the 
charter and effects be restored to us, pledging our best efforts to maintain the 
Lodge hereafter. 

Dated at , on the day of 

9 

, etc. 

APPEAL FOR AID AUTHORIZED BY THE 
GRAND CHANCELLOR. 



StoijjMa 4 Jgthiaa. 



Office of the Grand Chancellor, 

, , 18 

&o % guborbmate f obges of $. $j .: 

Whereas, Lodge, No , of , in the State of , 

is in need of pecuniary aid, in consequence of , I, in the exercise of 

the power within me vested as Grand Chancellor of the State, [District, or 
Territory] of , do hereby grant Lodge, No , the 

privilege of appealing to the sister Lodges of this jurisdiction, and recom- 
mend said Lodges to grant such assistance as is within their power. 

APPLICATION FOR SICK BENEFITS WHEN A 
BROTHER RESIDES A DISTANCE FROM THE 
LODGE. ___ 

SniflMa of fgta- 

i'j tbe Officers anb Pembcrs of fobge, $Jo , %. f . of .*. 



Brethren: I was prostrated by severe illness [or accident] on the 

day of , 1 8 , which disabled me from following my occupation 

until the day of , 18 , I therefore claim benefits for 

weeks. Inclosed you will please find the certificate of my physi- 
cian, also of the Chancellor Commander of Lodge, No c 

[or President of Relief Committee], K. P., of this place. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 29S 

PHYSICIAN'S CERTIFICATE. 



Intghte of Jsfltiaa. 

&0 % $£6cers anb Sfcnberft of f obge, go , % $. of 

This is to certify that Mr was sick from the day of 

18 , to the day of 18 , so that he was unable to follow his usual 

occupation. 



., M. £>. 



CHANCELLOR COMMANDER OR PRESIDENT 
OF RELIEF COMMITTEE'S STATEMENT. 



SntjMa of gaihiaa. 

&ot£e Officers anb Uembcrs of fobge, go , f. |), of 

Having visited Bro during his illness, and as Dr is a 

practising physician of this place, and bears a good character as to honor and 
veracity, I have no doubt that the above statements are correct. 
Yours in F., C, and B. 



[seal.] 



C. C. [or Pres. of Pel. Com.~\ 

••> 

K. of P. & S. [or Sec. of Pel. Com.] 

WITHDRAWAL CARD. 



Inijghfs of fgtluas- 



Jurisdiction of 

A. D. 188 ,P. P 

So % Officers anb gtembm of % obge , go. ... 

The undersigned respectfully represents that he has attained to the Rank 

of * , that he is clear of the books, free from charges made 01 

pending, and knowing of no valid objection, most respectfully requests th?J: 3 
Withdrawal Card be granted to him. 

The prescribed fee for Card, $ accompanies. 



Signature 
* Insert Rank. If a P. C- or P. G. C, a Rank Credential should accompany. 



296 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Note. — It is important that Lodge Rosters and Semi-Annual Reports shall be absolutely 
free from errors. To this end read the " General Directions/'* and also the special direc- 
tions under each heading, and see that you understand them before using the blanks; if in 
doubt upon any point, write for information. 



SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT. 



Intflhts of |gfhtm 



Of. Lodge, No , Knights of Pythias, 

for the Term commencing 
,.. 188 , and ending 188 



Lodge meets at Minnesota. 

Night of meeting days. 

Communications for the Lodge should be directed to 

.. K. of R. cV S. 



.County, Minnesota. 



INSTALLING OFFICER'S REPORT. 

Minn 188 

I hereby certify that I have this day installed the within-named officers for 
the ensuing term (excepting •••• 

). 

and that I have received as per capita tax, the sum of 

dollars and.... cents. 



Installing Officer. 



Received 188... 

for $..... enclosed. 



Gn K. of R, & S. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 
RANKS— WHEN CONFERRED. 



297 



Directions. — Write all names legibly and spell them correctly; give Christian names in 
full instead of initials when you can do so. Write names on alternate lines unless crowded for 
space. Immediately after a member's name add his Roster number. Enter name of Appli- 
cant by Initiation on your Roster when the first rank is coyiferred, not when applied for. 
Do not wait until all the ranks are conferred, but enter in the order in which the first rank 
is conferred, but do not enter a name unless one or more ranks are conferred during the term. 
Where a member joins by card and another by initiation on the same night, the fcrmer 
should be placed first on the Roster. If no ranks are conferred during the term, write the 
word " None" to show the matter has not been overlooked. 





NAME. 


Roster No. 


Initiated as 
Fage. 


Proved as 
Esquire. 


Charged as 
Knight. 































































ADMITTED BY CARD. 



Directions. — Enter when elected, no matter whether candidate appears then or not. 
When a member joins by card and another by initiation on the same night, place formei 
first on Roster. 



NAME. 


Roster 
No. 


Date of 
Election. 


Rank. 


Name and No. of 
Former Lodge. 


Town and State. 














































REINSTATED TO MEMBERSHIP. 



Directions. — Do rtot give a new Roster number, but use the old one. Enter on date of 
Lodge's action, whether member appears then or not. 



vAAfT? Roster 
NAME. , No> 


Rank. 


Date. 













































298 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 
WITHDRAWN BY CARD. 



Directions. — Entei on date of Lodge's action whether member actually receives his card 
then or not. Fill ail blanks. 



NAME. 


Roster 

No. 


Rank. 


Date. 


























































DECEASED MEMBERS. 



Directions. — When practicable, state cause of death, age, occupation, married or single, 
burial place, etc , under head of " Remarks.'' 



NAME. 


Roster 

No. 


Date. 


REMARKS. 





































Directions.— Do not give a rejected applicant a Roster number. Enter on date of 
Lodge's action, whether applicant be then notified or not. 



NAME. 


Date. 


Occupation. 


REMARKS. 


































MEMBERS SUSPENDED. 



Directions. — If for non-payment of dues, write "npd." under head of "Remarks." 
If for other cause, so state, and period of suspension. Do not forget Roster number, and 
remember that members who are in arrears, but have not been suspended according to law 
or before the close of last term, are not to be reported as suspended members. 



NAME. 


Roster 

No. 


Date. 


REMARKS. 



























COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 



299 



PAST GRAND AND PAST CHANCELLORS. 



Directions. — Arrange names in order in which they secured such rank. Past officers 
joining by card, date from the deposit thereof, no matter when they became such. Place 
name of retiring Chancellor Commander last on the list. Do not forget Roster number. If 
post-office address is different from that of the Lodge, so state. 



NAME. 


Roster No. 


Rank. 


I 






2 











MEMBERSHIP. 

Directions. — Having first consulted your last report, look over your Lodge Roster and 
be sure that your figures are correct, and that the deductions are only those made during the 
term, not including those made at first meeting of new term. Suspended members are not 
to be included in your Report as members until reinstated; when reinstated, their names 
should be entered under that heading. All other members are to be included under 
Esquires and Pages. 



No. of Members per last Report. 

" initiated during the term 

" admitted by card 

" reinstated , 



FROM WHICH 

No. withdrawn by Card 

" suspended 

" deceased , 



First total. 

DEDUCT 



Second total. 



Present No. members. 



RANK. 



Directions. — See that the figures given agree with the foregoing; the totals must be 
the same. 



Past Grand Chancellors . 

Past Chancellors 

Knights 

Esquires 

Pages 



Total in membership. 



GRAND LODGE ASSESSMENT. 



Directions. — Include as Knights all Past Grand Chancellors and Past Chancellors, or 
all members except Esquires and Pages. 



PER CAPITA TAX. 



Amount. 



.Knights at cents eachl$. 



300 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 
RECEIPTS. 



Directions. — Report all receipts from whatever source. Opposite No. 13, insert amount 
of cash on hand at beginning of term (No. 32 in previous report), not including investments 
of any nature. The K. of R. & S. should keep no funds in his hands, but pa}' over all fees to 
the M. F. as soon as received. Fees paid by candidates, whether subsequently rejected or 
not, should be included in Receipts ; in case of rejection an order should be drawn for the 
amount, which should be entered opposite No. 28. Do not interline additional sources of 
revenue ; all not coming under Nos. 1 to 10 should be included in No. 11. 



Applications and First Rank. 
For Second Rank 

" Third Rank 

" Admittance by Card 

" Withdrawal Cards 

" Dues and Assessments..., 

" Fines 

" Rents 

" Loans and Interest 

Other sources 

Total. 



$. 



LIABILITIES. 



Directions. — Include only amounts due by the Lodge, not including " Grand Lodge 
Assessments.'* 





For What. 


I 


Amount. 


Grand Lodge Supplies 


t 














Total 


1 '••• 



EXPENDED FOR RELIEF. 



Directions. — Include only moneys paid from Lodge funds; not donations by individual 
members. 



15 Relief of Brothers of this Lodge.... 

16 Relief of Brothers of other Lodges. 

17 Burial of Brothers 

Burial of Brothers' wives 

Relief of families 

20 Relief of widows 

21 Relief of orphans , 

22 Watching sick 

23 Total paid for relief 



id 
*9 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 
MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES. 



301 



Directions. — All expenditures, except for relief, should be entered opposite proper num- 
bers under this head. The per capita tax last paid should be entered opposite No. 24, and 
a memoranda of tax sent with new report should be entered under head of Grand Lodge 
Assessment, which amount will be entered opposite No. 24, next term, it being a part of the 
expenditures of that term. No. 27 includes only supplies furnished by Grand Lodge — not 
paraphernalia, etc. "Other expenditures" (No. 291 includes all miscellaneous expendi- 
tures that cannot be classified under Nos. 24 to 28, inclusive. No. 30 includes sum total of 
Nos. 24 to 29, inclusive. 



24 Per capita tax last term 

25 Rent of Lodge Room 

26 Compensation to officers 

27 Grand Lodge Supplies 

28 Fees returned to rejected applicants. 

29 Other expenditures 

30 Total miscellaneous expenses . 



SUMMARY. 



Directions. — No. 31 is the sum total of expenses for term ; No. 32 means cash on hand 
or on deposit, not including money loaned on securities of any sort. 



Total Receipts (No. 14).. 

31 Total Expenses (Nos. 23 and 30). 

32 Balance cash on hand 



INVESTMENTS. 



Directions. — Include all cash assets and property owned by the Lodge, but not unpaid 
dues, assessments, etc , which are not assets that can be counted as investments, and (for 
such purpose) should be ignored ; otherwise a Lodge might be made to appear in very 
healthy condition and in reality be bankrupt. Include all property, paraphernalia, books, 
etc., whether purchased during current or former terms, at fair valuation. 



33 Amount on mortgage security . 

34 " Lodge property 

35 " Otherwise invested . 

36 Total. 
y] Balance of cash on hand (No. 32) 
38 Grand total (Nos. 36 and 37) 



26 



302 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



RECAPITULATION. 



Directions. — Be sure that the figures agree with those elsewhere given in report. 



Membership at last report 
Initiated during term 
Admitted by Card . 
Reinstated 



Total 
Withdrawn 
Suspended 
Deceased . . 

Total 

Present number of members . 



Balance cash at last report 
Receipts during term 

Total receipts 
Paid for relief 
Paid for funerals 
Miscellaneous expenses . 

Total expense 

Balance on hand . 



Investments . • • 

Total resources 

Liabilities 

Grand Lodge Assessments 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 303 

GENERAL DIRECTIONS. 



[Read thft.se and the special directions under each heading carefully, and be sure you 
know what should be done before doing it ; when Reports are sent back for correction see 
that the corrections are promptly made, and Reports returned to the Grand Keeper of 
Records and Seal.] 

1. Write* all names and numbers legibly. After each member's name, 
herein mentioned, give his number as it appears on the revised roster of 
membership, as : 

Admitted by card — John Doe (29), Jan. 11. 
Suspended — Richard Roe (72), Feb. 20, npd. 

2. A new Lodge, in making its first report, will place its Charter Members 
first in the Lodge Roster, commencing with the officers in order of rank, and 
in the same order in Term Roster. 

3. If no ranks are conferred during the Term, write the word " None " in 
proper place, and in like manner when there is nothing to report under any 
of the other headings, so state, or draw lines to show that they have not been 
overlooked. 

4. Each Lodge is required to pay to the Grand Lodge, with each Semi- 
Annual Report, such per capita tax for every Past Grand Chancellor, Past 
Chancellor, and Knight in good standing, as the Grand Lodge at its Annual 
Session may determine, all except Pages and Esquires being counted as 
Knights. 

5. Semi-Annual Reports should be made out in triplicate in the interval 
between the last meeting in the old term and the first meeting in the new term, 
and shown to the installing officer, as he must know that the Report has been 
made out and the money drawn and ready to be forwarded, or he cannot 
legally install the officers or communicate the P. W. 

6. The money due the Grand Lodge for per capita tax must accompany the 
Report delivered to the installing officer and should be sent in the form of 
drafts or Post-Office orders. Make your drafts payable to the order of the 
Grand Keeper of Records and Seal by his name. Do not insert titles in a 
draft or order. 

7. The Past Chancellor's Certificate should be filled up in duplicate ; one 
copy to be forwarded to the Grand Keeper of Records and Seal, and the 
other delivered to the Past Chancellor. 

8. Do not forget the Seal of the Lodge. 



304 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

CERTIFICATE OF RETIRING OFFICERS. 



Directions. — This Report should be signed by the Retiring Officers and not by those 
about to be installed. Do not forget the Seal. 



We hereby certify that we have carefully read the General and Special 
Directions printed in this report, and that this report is made out in conformity 
therewith, and is correct throughout. 

In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands and the 

Seal of the Lodge, at , Minnesota, this 

day of 188 , and of the Pythian Period the XX. 

[SEAL.] 

Chancellor Commander. 



Keeper of Records and Seal. 



Referred to Grand Lodge Committee on Returns and Credentials, this 

day of February, 188 

G. K. of R. <5r» S. 



CERTIFICATE OF GRAND LODGE COMMITTEE. 



Minneapolis, Minn., February , 188 . 

The Committee on Returns and Credentials of the Grand Lodge Knights 
of Pythias of Minnesota, having duly examined the within Report, find the 
same to be ...... correct ... 



Chairman. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK, 
OFFICERS SERVING DURING TERM. 



305 



Directions. — See that all blanks are properly filled up, whether officer holds over or not. 
Insert names only of those holding office at end of term, and if elected to fill a vacancy so 
state, with date of installation, under the head of " Remarks." 



NAME. 


Roster 

No. 


Office. 


REMARKS. 






P. c. 

c. c. 

V. c. 

p. 

K. R. S. 
M. E. 
M. F. 
M. A. 
I. G. 
O. G. 


































































OFFICERS FOR ENSUING TERM. 



Directions. — Do not fill up these blanks until the night of installation, as unlooked for 
changes may then occur. If Officer holds over, so state. 



NAME. " 


■Roster 

No. 


Office. 


POST-OFFICE ADDRESS. 






P. C. 

c. c. 

V. c. 

p. 

K. R. S. 
M. E. 
M. F. 
M. A. 
I. G. 
O. G. 































































REPRESENTATIVES TO GRAND LODGE. 



Directions. — Be sure that entries herein agree with th 
right. 


ose on credentials, and get dates 


NAME. 1 R ° T ster 

[ No. 


When 
Elected. 


POST-OFFICE ADDRESS. 



































26* 



BLANKS FOR CRIMINAL PROCEDURE. 



[form a.] 
ACCUSATION. 

fntghts of §j)tMas. 

Castle Hall of Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of 

Charge and Specification of charge preferred by against 

, a and a member of Lodge, No 

I, , a member in good standing of 

Lodge, No. ..., do hereby charge , a member of 

Lodge, No , with "conduct unbecoming a Knight of Pythias," as set 

forth in the following articles of impeachment : 

Charge I 

Specification i. In this, that on or about the day of , 

A. D. 18 , and the Pythian Period the , at , 

State of , the said did 



., A. D. 1 8 , and of the Pythian Period the.. 



[FORM B.] 
NOTICE TO PARTIES INTERESTED. 



^nights of flQthias, 



Castle Hall of Lodge, No. ..., Jurisdiction of 

A. D,, 18 

and of the Pythian Period the 

To 

You being a party interested in the case of 

against are hereby notified to appear at Kail, 

No Street, in on the day 

of A. D., 18 , and of the Pythian Period the 

at o'clock in the noon, at which time and place the Com- 
mittee of Trial will be selected. 



Hereof fail not. 

[L. S.] 

K.ofR.&S> 
306 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS, ETC. 307 

[FORM C.] 
NOTICE TO COMMITTEE OF TRIAL. 



InijgWs of Jutlttas. 



Castle Hall of Lodge, No. ..., Jurisdiction of 

A. D., 188 , 

and of the Pythian Period the 

To 

Sir and Brother, — It is my duty to notify you of your appointment as a 

member of a Committee of Trial, in the case of. 

against 

Associated with you on this Committee are Brothers 

Your attention is called to Section 41, Code of Procedure. 

[>. s.] 

[form d.] 
CITATION OF ACCUSED. 



K.ofR.&S. 



Sniflhts 4 igthms. 



Castle Hall of Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of 

To 

We command you that you appear before us, the 

Committee of Trial, at Hall, No St., 

in on the day of , A. D. 188 ', 

and of the Pythian Period the , at o'clock, in the ?.. 

noon, then and there to answer to the charge and specifications preferred 

against you by 

Fail not of appearance at your peril. 

Witness Chairman of Committee of Trial, and the seal of 

the said Lodge, No , at , this the day 

of , A. D. 188 , and of the Pythian Period the 



L 'J Recorder. 

[endorsement on back.] 

RETURN OF SERVICE OF FOREGOING 
CITATION. 
A. D., 188 , 

and of the Pythian Period the 

To the Committee of Trial, — I have cited the within named accused to 
appear and answer as directed, by serving on him the original, of which 
the within is a true copy. 

* Said service was made 



Recorder, 

* State whether in person or by mail ; as per section 35, 



S08 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

[FORM E.] 
SUMMONS OF WITNESSES. 



Sntflhta of Jjithiaa. 

Castle Hall of Lodge, No. ..., Jurisdiction of , 



To. 

We command you that you appear before us, the 

Committee of Trial, at Hall, No St., 

in on the day of , A. D. 18S , 

and of the Pythian Period the , at o'clock, in the 

noon, and from day to day, until discharged, then and there to give evidence 

of what you know in the case of against 

Hereof fail not at your peril. 

Witness Chairman of Committee of 

Trial, and the seal of the said 

Lodge, No , at , this the day of , 

A. D. 1 88 , and of the Pythian Period the 

Recorder, 

[seal.] 

[endorsement on back.] 

RETURN OF SERVICE OF FOREGOING 

SUMMONS. 

A.D., 188 , 

and of the Pythian Period the 

To the Committee of Trial,*— I have summoned the within named witness 
to appear and give evidence, by serving on him a true copy of this summons. 

Recorder. 

[form f.] 
FORM FOR TAKING EVIDENCE. 



infjhta of jteflttaa. 



Castle Hall of Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of 

I (name of witness), a member and a in rank, in 

good standing on the Roster of Lodge, No , Knights 

of Pythias, of {city or town) of County of 

and Grand Jurisdiction of , hereby depose, declare and say, 

that the statements about to be made by me in the case of [name of accuser) 
against (name of accused), now before, and under examination by, the author- 
ity before whom I am now about to testify, are true in effect, free from preju- 
dice or personal feeling, and prompted only from a desire to see evil cor- 
rected, abuses remedied, the laws carried out, and justice done; to all of 
which I affirm on my Honor as a Knight, under the penalties of the laws, 
and my obligations as a member of the Order of Knights of Pythias. 

(Signature of witness.} ,..., .,..,...,. ,.-„, 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 309 

[FORM G.] 
COMMISSION TO TAKE DEPOSITION. 



Dtoijghts of Igthtas. 



Gastle Hall of Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of 

<£o ilje Chancellor Commanbcr of Sobge, Ito 

Greeting : 

Assured of your prudence and fidelity, we do, by these presents, em- 
power and request you to take the Deposition of 

to be used in a case now pending in our Lodge, of 

against 

, and at a certain time, to be 

by you appointed, to cause the Deponent to come before you, and carefully 
examine him in answer to the interrogatories hereunto annexed, and reduce 
the examination, or cause the same to be reduced to writing in your presence ; 
and after such deposition shall thus be reduced to writing, it shall be carefully 
read to or by the Deponent, and shall then be signed by him, and certified by 
yourself and the Seal of Lodge, No 

You will take such deposition in a place separate and apart from all other 
persons, and per?7iit no' person to be present during such examination, except 
the Deponent and yourself , and such disinterested person as yott may think fit 
to appoint ', to assist you in reducing the deposition to writing, and you shall put 
the several interrogatories and cross-interrogatories to the Deponent in their 
order, and take the answer of the Deponent to each, fully and clearly, before 
proceeding to the next, and not read to the Deponent, nor permit the Depo- 
nent to read a succeeding interrogatory until the answer to" the preceding 
one has been fully taken down. 

Of this our commission, with your doings by warrant of the same, you will 
make return under Seal to our said Lodge with all convenient expedition. 

Witness my hand as Chancellor 

Commander of our said Lodge, and the Seal thereof, at 

on this the day of , A. D., 188 , and of the 

Pythian Period the 

[seal.] K.ofR.b* S. 



310 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

[form h.] 

NOTICE TO DEFENDANT OF RESULT OF 
TRIAL. 



IntgMs flf flgtluas. 

Castle Hall of Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of 

A. D., 188 , 

and of the Pythian Period the 

To 

It is my duty to notify you of the result of the trial in the case in which 
you were the Defendant, which is as follows : 

Charge I 

Specification I 

Penalty adjudged 

[SEAL.] K.ofR.& S. 

[FORM I.] 
APPEAL FROM THE DECISION. 



ImfiMs of fathias- 

Castle Hall of Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of 

fo \\z (Sranb Ifobge, — 

I hereby most respectfully appeal from the decision of Lodge, 

No , in the case of (name of accuser) against {name of accused}, under 

the charge and specifications as set forth in the papers hereto annexed, and 
base my appeal upon the following grounds : 

[Here state full reason for appeal.) 

(Signature of appellant.) ...» 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 31I 

[form j.] 
CREDENTIALS OF COMMITTEES, ETC. 



Imjgitis of fethtas. 

Castle Hall of Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of 

To 

This is to certify that 

member in good standing ha been regularly appointed by this Lodge as 



therefor in the case of 

against 

and legally qualified to represent this Lodge 

Witness 

Chancellor Commander of our said Lodge, and ihe Seal thereof, at. 

,011 this the day of 

A. D., 188 , and of the Pythian Period the 



[L. s.] K.ofR.&S. 

[FORM K.] 

REPORT OF DELINQUENT WITNESSES. 



Imghta of fgtfuas. 

Castle Hall of Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of. 



To 

Your Committee of Trial hereby respectfully report that a proper and legal 

summons was served in the usual manner on Brother 

of Lodge, No , directing him to 

appear before us and give evidence in the case of. 

against 

but the said brother has disregarded the same and has failed to appear as 
commanded. 



Chairman of Committee of Trial. 
Attest : 



Recorder. 

A. D., 188 , 

and of the Pythian Period the , 



$\2 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

[form l.] 
NOTICE OF SAME TO ANOTHER LODGE. 



Intjghts of fjthias. 



Castle Hall of Lodge, No jurisdiction of 

To Lodge, No.. 

Brethren : — -A proper and legal summons having been served upon Brother 

, a member of 

your Lodge, directing him to appear before a Committee of Trial of this Lodge, 
and give evidence in a case now pending before them, and the said brother 
having disregarded the summons, and thus far failed to appear as commanded, 
it becomes our duty to submit his case to you for such action as will enforce 
his attendance before said Committee, or that otherwise you may take proper 
measures for the punishment of the contempt evinced in his evasion of the 
summons. 

Witness our hand and the Seal of. 

Lodge, No , affixed at , this the day 

of , A. D., 188 , and of the Pythian Period the 

\...c. a 



K. ofR. &> S. 
[L. s.] 

[form m.] 
REMOVAL OF CASE TO ANOTHER LODGE. 



Intfltttojf igtttias. 



Castle Hall of Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of 

To Lodge, No , greeting: 

A certain charge, a copy of which accompanies this request, having been 

preferred against Brother , a member of 

this Lodge, it is our wish, for the following reasons [here state reasons in fulf\, 

that you conduct a trial in the case of the aforesaid accused Brother 

, and we hereby request that in our behalf you will 

take charge of the case and proceed with the trial in form as prescribed by 
the Code of Procedure of this Jurisdiction. * 

Witness our hand and the Seal of. 

r _ -. Lodge, No , affixed at , this the 

L L * S -J day of A. D., 188 , and of 

the Pythian Period the 

Attest: C. C. 

K. of R. &> S. 

The above request is ...approved 



Grand Chancellor. 
.A. D. 188 , and of the Pythian Period the 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 3 J 3 

[FORM N.] 
RETURN OF RESULT FROM THAT LODGE. 



fnighfs afl |gthias. 

Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of 

To Lodge, No 

Greeting: — Touching the matter of the case of , removed 

to our cognizance by your request, bearing date , we caused 

the accused to appear before our regularly appointed Committee of Trial, and 
after a full and impartial hearing the result reached was as follows : 
Charge 1st. {Here state result.) 

Specification 1st. {Here state result.} 

The papers in the case, together with the register of evidence and copy 
from our Records of the proceedings in the matter, duly attested, are here- 
with transmitted. 

Witness our hand and the Seal of Lodge, 

[L. s.] No , affixed at , this the day of 

, A. D., 18 , and of the Pythian Period the 



Attest ; 



C. C. 

K. of P. 6- S. 



[FORM O.] 

REQUEST TO A WITNESS NOT A MEMBER OF 
THE ORDER. 



imgltte of f nthms- 

Castle Hall of Lodge, No , Jurisdiction of 

A. D., 18 

and of the Pythian Period the 

To 

A certain accusation having been preferred against , 

a member of this Lodge, and which is now being investigated, and it having 
been shown to the Committee of Trial that your evidence will be of impor- 
tance in the case, we respectfully request that you will appear before us, the 

Committee of Trial, at Hall, No Street, 

in on the day of , A. D., 18 , 

at o'clock in the noon, then .and there to communicate 

any facts bearing upon the case that may be within your knowledge. 



[L. S.] Chairman Committee. 

27 Recorder* 



DEDICATION OF HALLS. 



DIRECTIONS. 

^j^HE Grand Chancellor of the Jurisdiction should preside at 
the Dedication of Halls, if practicable, or in his absence 
a Grand or Past Grand Officer, or the Grand Chancellor's 
representative in a Deputy Grand Chancellor. 

For Subordinate Lodges, only Officers as hereinafter mentioned 
are necessary, but in the case of the dedication of a Grand Lodge 
Hall, a corps of Supreme Officers, either actual or improvised, is 
necessary ; and it is better that the Grand Officers act as the 
Supreme Officers, and improvise from other members of the Grand 
Lodge, Grand Officers for the occasion. 

The Dedicating Officers, in either case, should be assembled 
in an ante or contiguous room, outside of the outer door of the 
Lodge, ready for entrance in proper order and time. 

The Altar should be in the centre of the Lodge-room, without 
anything on it, and at the designated hour the Officers, or im- 
provised Officers, should assume their proper stations. 

It is important, in the Dedicatory Ceremony, that the reading 
and all else occurring, should be loud, distinct, and clear, and 
the singing well performed, accompanied with . instrumental 
music, if practicable. 

The Dedicating Officers should be furnished with the Lodge 
" Book of Law," or Bible, "a Human Skull," " Two Swords," 
" Two Censers "burning incense, " a Sprig of Myrtle," and " a 
Written Request," under the seal of the Lodge. The Grand 
Prelate should be clothed in a black gown and masked, who, 
upon entering the Lodge, shall assume a position back of the 
Altar, facing the Grand Chancellor, and remain standing. 

314 



THE KNIGHTS OF P YTHIAS, ETC. 31$ 

DEDICATORY CEREMONY. 

[At the designated hour an unseen bell is struck the proper number of 
times, to indicate the hour or time stated (prior to which the Officers' chairs 
are filled by Officers or improvised ones) when the following ensues :] 

Chancellor Commander (standing in his station, giving one 
rap with the gavel, says) : The bell in the tower having pro- 
claimed the hour, this special Convention of 

Lodge, No , Knights of Pythias, of this Grand Jurisdic- 
tion, will come to order. 

[The Chancellor Commander seats himself and continues :] 

Brother Master-at-Arms ! 

Master- at- Arms (rising promptly to his feet, responds) : 
Chancellor Commander? 

C C Are all the Officers at their proper stations? 

M. at A. (looking around and satisfying himself) : They are, 
Chancellor Commander. 

C. C. Thank you, Brother Master-at-Arms. 

[Addresses the Inner Guard.] 

Brother Inner Guard ! 

Inner Guard (rising, responds) : Chancellor Commander ? 

C. C Brother Inner Guard, it is my order that the outer portal 
of this Castle Hall be now closed," and that none be admitted 
unless under a challenge. This order you will convey to the 
Brother Outer Guard, that he may be at his station, announce 
alarms, and through you report to me. 

[Inner Guard retires, goes to outer door, and in a loud voice repeats to 
the Outer Guard :] 

/. G. Brother Outer Guard, it is the order of the Chancellor 
Commander that you close the outer portal of this Castle Hall, 
and permit no one to enter, unless under a challenge duly re- 
ported to him through me. 

O. G. The order of the Chancellor Commander shall be im- 
plicitly obeyed. 



316 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

[Outer Guard shuts the outer door and hangs up chains, etc., etc.] 
[Inner Guard returns to the Lodge Room, and from his station says :] 

/. G. Chancellor Commander, your order has been commu- 
nicated to the Brother Outer Guard, who will implicitly obey it. 

[The Chancellor Commander gives three raps when all are seated.] 

[The Herald and Master-at-Arms now go to the outer door, where the 

Herald sounds a challenge (or bugle call,) once, when in a loud voice the 

Outer Guard through the inner wicket says :] 

O. G. Brother Inner Guard, a challenge at the outer postern 
by the bridge. 

/. G (rising) : Chancellor Commander, a challenge at the 
outer postern by the bridge. 

C. C. Brother Master-at-Arms ! 

M. at A. (rising): Chancellor Commander? 

C. C. You will repair to the outer postern by the bridge, and 
ascertain the cause of the challenge. If some poor wayfaring 
brother or wanderer is seeking shelter for the night, admit him, 
and see that his wants are cared for, according to rank or station. 
But if [rising to his feet] perchance it should be some messenger 
of fierce intent, assure the bearer that we will in person or by 
deputed Knight of equal estate, rank, valor, and reputation, 
wearing our coat-of-arms, avow our rectitude of purpose and con- 
duct in any aggrieved claim alleged. No gauntlet can be cast at 
our portal, but must be met in spirit as it is sent. [And turning 
to members sitting to the right or left — who will be ready to offer a 
sword, battle-axe, lance, shield and armor.'] Brother Knights, 
have ready my armor, shield, and arms. ( Which are offered but 
not t a hen.) 

[They all remain standing until the Master-at-Arms returns, stating the 
cause, when by a wave of the hand, the Chancellor Commander seats them.] 

[The Master-at-Arms retires, goes to the outer door, and asks in a loud 
voice :] 

M. at A. Who are you that sounds a challenge at our outer 
portal, and what is your message and desire? 

Herald (answering from without) : A Herald accompanied by 
the Grand Master-at-Arms of the Grand Lodge, Knights of 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 3 17 

Pythias of , seeks audience with the Chancellor 

Commander of Lodge, No , Knights of 

Pythias of .... 

M. at A. (returning, and from the Altar says): Chancellor 
Commander, I find the cause of the alarm to be a Herald, accom- 
panied by the Grand Master-at-Arms of the Grand Lodge, 

Knights of, Pythias of , who seek audience 

with you, as the Chancellor Commander of 

Lodge, No , Knights of Pythias of 

C. C. Brother Master-at-Arms, you will see that the Herald 
and Grand Master-at-Arms are admitted. 

[The Master-at-Arms retires, chains are dropped, door unfastened, and he 
returns, followed by the Herald and Grand Master-at-Arms, who file across 
the room in the rear of the Altar, and, when opposite it, halt and face the Chan- 
cellor Commander, where they remain standing. Chancellor Commander, 
sitting, then addresses the Grand Master-at-Arms:] 

C. C. Brother Grand Master-at-Arms, where from, and your 
course of journey ? 

G. M. at A. From the North, and to the South. 

C. C. From the North, and why to the South ? 

G. M. at A. As barbarism poured out from the North, obliter- 
ating in its current all civilization, humanity, benevolence, and 
brotherly feeling, so like it I journey from the North to the 
South, sowing the seed of chivalry, that the fated influence of 
barbarism may be overcome by the virtues and martial merits 
of our Order. 

C. C. Your presence, intent, and mission here, under a chal- 
lenge ? 

G. M. at A. I come under command of the Grand Chancellor, 
who, with the Grand Officers of the Grand Lodge of the Grand 

Jurisdiction, Knights of Pythias of , are in waiting, 

to dedicate this Castle Hall to Pythian uses. Is it your desire 
and pleasure that they be admitted and proceed ? 

C. C. It is. 

G. M. at A. Then I will retire and so inform them. 

["Grand Master-at-Arms, Herald, and Master-at-Arms of (he Lodge retire ; 
*7* 



3l8 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

the Grand Master-at Arms and Herald go out, and the Master-at-Arms of the 
Lodge closes the outer door ? and hangs up chains, etc., etc., and then returns 
to the Hall. The Dedicating Officers now approach the outer door, when 
the Herald challenges, or sounds on his bugle, three distinct times, making 
a clear pause between each call. The Outer Guard then reports through the 
wicket of the inside door, in a loud voice :1 

O. G. Brother Inner Guard, a triple challenge at the outer 
portal. 

/. G. Chancellor Commander, a triple challenge at the outer 
portal. 

C. C. Brother Master-at-Arms, a triple challenge indicates 
the approach of high authority in the Order; hence you will 
retire and ascertain if our apprehensions are correct, or if used 
for some other and unlawful purpose. 

[Master-at-Arms retires, and after ascertaining the cause of the challenge 
returns and says :] 

M. at A. Chancellor Commander, the triple challenge is made 
by a Herald, accompanied by the Grand Officers of the Grand 

Lodge, Knights of Pythias of the Grand Jurisdiction of , 

whose presence is caused by their mission to dedicate, in full 
and Knightly form, this Castle Hall to Pythian uses. 

C. C. You will retire, and under my command see that they 
are admitted. 

[Master-at-Arms retires, chains are unloosed and dropped, etc., etc., the 
Grand Officers enter, organ playing, the Chancellor Commander calls up the 
Lodge, and the Grand Honors are given, the following order to be observed : 

Herald .. With Bugle. 

Grand Prelate .....Carrying Bible. 

Grand Chancellor With Lodge Request. 

Grand Vice Chancellor With Skull. 

Grand Master of Exchequer With Sword. 

Grand Keeper of R. and S With Sword. 

Grand Master-at-Arms With Myrtle. 

Grand Inner Guard , W 7 ith Lighted Censer. 

Grand Outer Guard With Lighted Censer. 

They file across the room in rear of the Altar, and face the Chancellor 
Commander's station, when the Grand Chancellor says :] 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 319 

G. C. Chancellor Commander, in accordance with the re- 
quest of Lodge, No , Knights of Pythias of the 

Grand Jurisdiction of , under its seal {holds up and 

displays paper), we are here in our official capacity to dedicate 
this Castle Hall in Knightly Form to Pythian uses. Prior to 
so doing, I will ask, have all the laws of the Supreme Lodge, 

and the Grand Lodge of the Grand Jurisdiction of ., 

and the usages of the Order, been strictly complied with ? 

C. C. They have. 

G. C. Chancellor Commander, does fealty and intent to con- 
form in all particulars to everything pertaining to the Order of 
Knights of Pythias, under the laws of the Supreme Lodge of the 
World, and the Grand Lodge of this Grand Jurisdiction, govern 
and control this Lodge ? 

C. C. It does. 

G. C. Then we can safely proceed, and I will thank you. 
Chancellor Commander, to order your Officers to vacate their 
chairs, to be filled by the Grand Officers during the Ceremonies 
of dedication. 

C. C. The Officers of Lodge, No. , will vacate 

their chairs, to be filled by the Dedicating Officers ; and to you, 
Grand Chancellor, I deliver the Lodge and this insignia of my 
authority. 

[The Grand Chancellor, escorted by the Master-at- Arms of the Lodge, now 
approaches the Chancellor Commander's station, ascends the same, and re- 
ceives the gavel, when he says :] 

G. C. The Grand Prelate will now display upon the Altar of 
this Lodge " The Book of Law." 

[The Grand Prelate opens " The Book of Law," and places it on the 
Altar.] 

" The Swords of Defence " will now be placed thereon. 

[They are crossed upon " The Book of Law," by the Grand Master of 
Exchequer and Grand Keeper of Records and Seal.] 

The "Emblem of Mortality " will be placed thereon, 

[The Grand Vice Chancellor places the Skull thereon.] 



320 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

The Censers and Myrtle will be delivered at the Chancellor 
Commander's station. 

[The Grand Master-at-Arms, Grand Inner Guard, and Grand Outer Guard 
perform that duty.] 

The Grand Officers will now assume their proper chairs and 
positions. 

[All the Grand Officers go to their proper stations, except the Grand Prel- 
ate, who remains standing at the Altar, facing the Grand Chancellor; all 
which being done, the Grand Chancellor seats the whole audience by three 
raps of the gavel; after which the Grand Chancellor, rising, says :] 

G. C. Knights, Esquires, Pages, and Friends: We have 
assembled to perform a duty which we hope will be to you both 
pleasant and instructive. It is to dedicate this Castle Hall, 
which, through the blessings of a kind Providence, we have 
been enabled to secure ; and around which we feel our beautiful 
Ritual will throw its endearing influences, and make it a Home 
not only in name, but in reality. Our first duty in this, as in 
all important undertakings, is to ask the blessings of the Creator. 
The Grand Prelate will lead in prayer. 

[Two raps — all rise.] 

PRAYER. 

G. P. Our Heavenly Father, grant, we pray Thee, Thy bless- 
ing upon this household of brethren, engaged in this battle upon 
the side of the widow and orphan. Give unto them power to 
continue in the blessed work of ameliorating the condition of 
mankind. Put upon them Thy whole armor, that they may be 
able to withstand in the evil day. Let each Knight be girt with 
the Breastplate of Righteousness. Let the Shield of Faith be 
placed in his hands. And, O Lord, may each one take upon 
himself the Helmet of Salvation and the Sword of the Spirit, 
which is the Word of God. Bless, we pray Thee, the wives and 
little ones, the widows and orphans, both present and absent, of 
the Brethren of this Chivalric Fraternity. And, O God, we 
would especially ask Thee to protect this beautiful building from 
the natural and artificial dangers which surround it. Permit us 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 32 1 

to assemble here, and to transmit it to our children, and to our 
children's children. Bless the thousands of Knights who rally 
around our standard, and multiply and increase our membership. 
Hear us, we beseech Thee, for Thy sake. Amen. 

[The Dedication Ode, or other appropriate selection, will now be sung.] 

DEDICATION ODE. % 

Come, Brothers, friends, in Friendship's name, 
Who with one heart and hope and aim, 

Respond to duty's call : 
Come, let us round our altar throng ! 
Our hearts with holy courage strong, 
To join in one united song, 

To dedicate this hall. 

Here Friendship shall our hearts unite, 
To keep our mystic banner bright, 

As on our columns go ; 
No coward fear shall us divide, 
Whatever foitune may betide, 
But, like brave Knights, we will outride, 

Our most determined foe. 

And should our single courage fail, 
And some brave heart begin to quail 

When standing all alone, — 
Here let it be our common aim, 

In F , C , B 's name, 

To fan the faint, expiring flame, 

Which once more brightly shone. 

[Three raps — all seated.] 

G. C. Grand Vice Chancellor, what does the Skull upon the 
Altar suggest ? 

[The Grand Prelate takes up, and slowly carries the Skull to the station 
of the Grand Vice Chancellor.] 

G. V . C. (receiving the Skull from the Grand Prelate, and 
holding it in his hands, says :) It suggests that we are passing away. 
That the brethren and friends assembled here to-day, and the 

V 



322 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Castle Hall which we are engaged in dedicating to Friendship, 
Charity, and Benevolence, will, sooner or later, rot, crumble, 
and decay ; but that the principles we teach will live forever. 

[All respond:] 

May they live forever. 

G. C. Grand Master-at-Arms, what do the Swords upon the 
Bible suggest? 

G. M. at A. (approaching the Altar, takes Swords, and holding 
them up, says :) They remind us that, as faithful followers of Pythias, 
we should defend the principles of Knighthood unto death — 
which are to protect the weak, defend the right, alleviate the suf- 
ferings of a brother, bury the dead, care for the widow, edu- 
cate the orphan — to practise those ennobling virtues, Friendship, 
Charity, and Benevolence. 

[Grand Master-at-Arms carries Swords to his station.] 

G. C. My Brethren, a chapter of the Word of God will now 
be read by the Grand Prelate. 

[Two raps — all rise.] ... 

[The Grand Prelate returns to the Altar, and reads an appropriate chapter 
from the Book of Law, or Holy Bible; after which three raps are given," 
and all are seated.] 

G. C. My Brethren, I hold in my hand a Sprig of Myrtle. 
What is it emblematical of? 

[All respond :] 

Friendship ! 

G. P. (facing the Altar, and reading slowly and distinctly, 
says :) Then, in the name of God, and the sacred name of 
Friendship, we dedicate this Castle Hall for the practise of vir- 
tues which ennoble man, rescue him from vice and immorality, 
make him a kind and indulgent father, a loving husband, a faith- 
ful friend, a good companion, and an exemplary Brother. 

[Two raps by the Grand Chancellor— all rise, and sing.] 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 323 

OPENING ODE. 

Tune. — America. 

Great God, to Thee we raise 
Our hopeful song of praise : 

Grant us Thy love. 
Let us in friendship be, 
Let us harmonious see 
Our Order extended be, 
All nations o'er. 

Let brothers hand in hand, 
True to each other stand 

Throughout all time ; 
And when life's labor's o'er, 
And we leave time's earthly shore, 
May we meet to part no more, 

In heav'n above. 

G. C. Grand Master-at-Arms, place " The Swords of De- 
fence v upon "The Book of Law." 

Place upon " The Swords of Defence " the " Emblem of 
Mortality." 

Upon the "Emblem of Mortality" place the sacred "Em- 
blem of Friendship." 

[Which being done, the Grand Chancellor continues.] 

And now, in memory of Damon and Pythias, I declare this 
Castle Hall dedicated to -Friendship, Charity, and Benevolence. 

Grand Master-at-Arms, make the proclamation. 

G. M. at A. By direction of the Grand Chancellor, and in mem- 
ory of Damon and Pythias, I, as Grand Master-at-Arms of the 

Grand Lodge of., , do hereby proclaim, declare, and 

make known to all, that this Castle Hall is dedicated to Friend- 
ship, Charity, and Benevolence, legally and in true Knightly 
and Chivalric form. Therefore, bear me witness that this duty 
being done, all other Knightly works are at rest. 

[The Oration and other Exercises then follow.] 



324 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Organization of the Supreme Lodge, Knights of Pythias. 

Delegates in Attendance at the Convention who Organized the Supreme Lodge, 
at Washington, D. C, August u, 1868. 

FROM GRAND LODGE OF DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

J. H. Rathbone. C. M. Barton. 

Edward Dunn. Daniel Carrigan. 

Wm. P. Westwood. J. S. Martin. 

Harry Kronheimer. C. W. Okey. 

Francis Wood. Richard Lawson. 

Hugh G. Divine. J. R. N. Curtin. 

FROM GRAND LODGE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Wm. Blancbois. Wilbur H. Myers. 

Frederick Coppes. Geo. W. Crouch. 

J. H. Rheem. Wm. T. Rose. 

J. L. Atkinson. Joseph L. Nichols. 

Edwin T. Martin. Wm. A. Porter. 

R. H. Graham. S. S. Child. 

FROM GRAND LODGE OF NEW JERSEY. 

Samuel Read. Wm. B. French. 

Frederick L. Cobb. D. J. Pierman. 

FROM GRAND LODGE OF MARYLAND. 

C. F. Abbott. Francis Turner. 

N. M. Bowen. John A. Reid. 

John Burns. Wm. Baxter. 

FROM GRAND LODGE OF DELAWARE. 

James P. Hayes. James L. Smith. 

H. S. Truitt. E. L. Seeley. 

S. Shepheard. Chas. C. King. 




GKOUP OF SUPREME CHANCELLORS K. OF P. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 32$ 

Officers and Representatives of the Supreme Lodge, 
Knights of Pythias, from the First Annual Session 
to 1884, inclusive. 

FOUNDER AND FIRST SUPREME CHANCELLOR. 

NAME. RESIDENCE. DATE OF ELECTION. 

JUSTUS H. RATHBONE.. .District of Columbia August 11, 1868. 

SUPREME CHANCELLORS. 

Samuel Read New Jersey August 11, 1868. 

Samuel Read New Jersey March 9, 1870. 

Henry Clay Berry Illinois April 19, 1872. 

S. S.Davis New Hampshire April 23, 1874. 

S. S.Davis. New Hampshire August 23, 1876. 

David B. Woodruff Georgia August 29, 1878. 

George W. Lindsay Maryland August 26, 1880. 

John P. Linton Pennsylvania August 24, 1882. 

Jno. Van Valkenburg Iowa April 23, 1884. 

, SUPREME VICE CHANCELLORS. 

James P.Hayes Delaware August II, 1868. 

C. L. Russell Ohio March 9, 1870. 

S. S. Davis < New Hampshire.... April 19, 1872. 

David B. Woodruff Georgia April 23, 1874. 

David B.Woodruff Georgia August 23, 1876. 

George W.Lindsay Maryland August 29, 1878. 

JohnP. Linton Pennsylvania August 26, 1880. 

Jno. Van Valkenburg Iowa ^ August 24, 1882. 

Howard Douglass Ohio April 2^ } 1884. 

SUPREME VENERABLE PATRIARCHS. 

Wilbur H. Myers Pennsylvania August n, 1868. 

Samuel Read New Jersey April 20, 1872. 

SUPREME PRELATES. 

Oliver Woodhouse ...Connecticut April 25, 1874. 

Charles D. Lucas .Missouri August 23, 1876. 

Wm. Bryce Thompson Tennessee August 29, 1878. 

Wm. Bryce Thompson Tennessee August 26, 1880. 

L. B. Allen Virginia August 24, 1882. 

John S. King Ontario April 23, 1884. 

28 



326 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

SUPREME BANKERS. 

NAME. RESIDENCE. DATE OF ELECTION. 

William A.Porter Pennsylvania August II, 1868. 

William A. Porter Pennsylvania March 9, 1870. 

William A. Porter Pennsylvania April 19, 1872, 

SUPREME MASTERS OF EXCHEQUER. 

John B. Stumph Indiana April 23, 1874, 

John B. Stumph Indiana August 23, 1876 

John B. Stumph Indiana August 29, 1878 

John B. Stumph Indiana August 26, 1880. 

John B. Stumph Indiana August 24, 1882, 

S. J. Willey Delaware April 23, 1884 

SUPREME RECORDING AND CORRESPONDING SCRIBES. 

Clarence M. Barton District of Columbia... August 1 1, 1868, 

Clarence M. Barton District of Columbia March 9, 1870, 

Clarence M. Barton District of Columbia April 19, 1872, 

Charles P. Carty, pro tern .Indiana ..April 15, 1873, 

William J. 'Long, pro tern Michigan , Feb'y 4, 1874. 

SUPREME KEEPERS OF RECORDS AND SEAL. 

Joseph Dowdall Ohio April 23, 1874 

Joseph Dowdall Ohio August 23, 1876. 

Joseph Dowdall Ohio August 29, 1878 

Joseph Dowdall Ohio August 26, 1880 

John J. Ward Maryland August 24, 1882 

R. E. Cowan ". Missouri r April 23, 1884 

SUPREME GUIDES. 

C. F. Abbott Maryland August II, 1868. 

John F. Comstock Connecticut March 9, 1870. 

William B. Kennedy Ohio April 19, 1872. 

SUPREME MASTERS-AT-ARMS. 

Hugh Latham Virginia April 23, 1874. 

A. Ewing Texas August 23, 1875. 

Robinson Williams Maine August 29, 1878. 

J. Rums Smith West Virginia August 26, 1880. 

George B. Shaw Wisconsin August 24, 1882. 

George B. Shaw Wisconsin April 23, 1884. 

SUPREME INNER STEWARDS. 

Harry Kronheimer District of Columbia August 11, 1868. 

H. C. Lloyd Kentucky March 9, 1870. 

Joseph D. Weeks Iowa April 19, 1872. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. ■ S 2 7 
SUPREME INNER GUARDS. 

NAME. RESIDENCE. DATE OF ELECTION. 

Charles R. Hodgson West Virginia April 23, 1874. 

William H. Moyston Tennessee August 23, 1874. 

C. L. Russell, protem Ohio August 14, 1877. 

A. B. Stevens, prote?7i Massachusetts August 26, 1878. 

Thomas M. Fisher Colorado August 29, 1878. 

George B.Shaw Wisconsin August 26, 1880. 

G. G. Manlove Mississippi August 24, 1882. 

C. F. Bragg Maine April 23, 1884. 

SUPREME OUTER STEWARDS. 

Frederick Coppes Pennsylvania August II, 1868. 

George H. Crager Nebraska March 9, 1870. 

Edward Dunn, pro tern District of Columbia April 18, 1 87 1. 

Charles H.Hodgson West Virginia April 19, 1872. 

SUPREME OUTER GUARDS. 

William H. Moyston Tennessee April 23, 1874. 

John W. Thompson District of Columbia August 23, 1876. 

John W. Thompson District of Columbia August 29, 1878. 

John W. Thompson District of Columbia August 26, 1 880. 

John W. Thompson District of Columbia August 24, 1882. 

John W. Thompson District of Columbia April 23, 1884. 

Supreme Lodge Sessions. 

PLACES WHERE HELD. TIMES OF MEETING. 

Provisional Convention Philadelphia, Pa .May 15, 1868 

Organization Washington, D. C August 11, 1868 

Adjourned Session Washington, D. C Nov. 9, 1868 

First Session Richmond, Va March 9, 1869 

Second Session New York City March 8, 1870 

Third Session Philadelphia, Pa. April 18, 1871 

Fourth Session Baltimore, Md April 16, 1872 

Fifth Session Richmond, Va April 15, 1873 

Sixth Session Pittsburgh, Pa April 21, 1874 

Seventh Session Washington, D. C May 18, 1875 

Eighth Session Philadelphia, Pa August 22, 1876 

Ninth Session Cleveland, Ohio August 14, 1877 

Tenth Session Indianapolis, Ind August 26, 1878 

Eleventh Session St. Louis, Mo August 24, 1880 

Twelfth Session Detroit, Mich August 22, 1882 

Thirteenth Session New Orleans, La April 22, 1884 

Fourteenth Session Toronto, Ont............... July 13, 1886 



GRAND LODGE JURISDICTIONS. 



The Grand Jurisdiction of the District of Columbia. 

THE first record appearing upon the books of Washington 
Lodge, No. i, reads as follows, to wit : 

Washington, D. C, Feb. 19, 1864, \ 

At Temperance Hall, Friday Evening. / 

Upon agreement, a number of gentlemen met, and, after some conversation 
ttpon the subject, they were called to order, and, upon the motion of Mr. J. 
H. Rathbone, a chairman of the meeting was proposed, and Mr. J. T. K. 
Plant was unanimously called to the chair, and D. L. Burnett nominated as 
secretary. After organizing as above, the object of the meeting was stated by 
Mr. Rathbone to be the organization or the foundation of a Society, its busi- 
ness and operations to be of a secret character, having for its ultimate object 
Friendship, Benevolence, and Charity. Before proceeding further, those 
present were requested to subscribe to an oath laid down afterwards in the 
initiatory. All present having signified their willingness to do so, the same 
was administered to them by reading the same by J. H. Rathbone. After 
taking of the oath, on motion, it was 

Resolved, That this Order be styled the Knights of Pythias. 

The election of officers was ordered, whereupon the following 
officers were duly elected and installed, to wit : 
Worthy Chancellor — J. H. Rathbone. 
Vice- Chancellor — Joel R. Woodruff. 
Venerable Patriarch — J. T. K. Plant. 
Worthy Scribe — D. L. Burnett. 
Banker — A. Van Der Veer. 
Assistant Banker — R. A. Champion. 
Assistant Scribe — George R. Covert. 

The following officers were appointed by the Worthy Chan- 

328 



, THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS, ETC. 329 

cellor : Brothers M. H. Van Der Veer as Worthy Guide, A. 
Roderigue as Inside Steward, and Brothers Kimball, Roberts, 
D. L. and W. H. Burnett as choral Knights. * 

At the next meeting, on February 27, 1864, various applica- 
tions were received for membership. It also appears that at this 
meeting a committee of three, consisting of V. C. Woodruff, 
W. C. Rathbone, and Knight D. L. Burnett, was appointed to 
prepare a Ritual of the second (now third) degree, which was 
soon after prepared by the committee, presented to the Lodge, 
and adopted. The Grand Lodge was organized on the 8th of 
April, 1864, with J. T. K. Plant as Grand Chancellor and A. 
Van Der Veer as Grand Scribe ; the officers of the Grand Lodge 
set about forming Lodges elsewhere, and providentially succeeded 
in locating one at the Navy Yard, known as Franklin Lodge, 
No. 2, with the following charter members, to wit: 

Venerable Patriarch — Robert Middleton. 

Worthy Chancellor — Daniel Carrigan. 

Vice- Chancellor- — Edw. Fox. 

Scribe — Clarence M. Barton. 

Banker — James Gill. 

Guide — Nicholas Wayson. 

Inner Steward — Jos. H. Lawrence. 

Outer Steward — Hudson Pettit. 

Edward Dunn, James W. Kelly, Jasper Scott, George Norton, 
J. H. Wheeler. 

The Lodge was duly instituted on the 12th of April, 1864, at 
the Anacostia Engine House, by the officers of the Grand Lodge. 
The history of this Lodge needs no comment. It is the history 
of the Order, which it saved from destruction after her sister 
Lodges around her had ceased to exist. From its very organization 
the members took a lively interest in its welfare, and determined 
that it should become the excelsior Lodge of the Order. For 
nearly eight months it struggled along, the only Lodge in the 
country, its little membership meeting with rebuffs and sarcasms, 
and, worse than this, the stinging sin of ingratitude from one 
who had solemnly sworn to maintain and defend its principles. 
On the 19th of May, 1864, the Grand Lodge organized Colum/ 
28* 



330 The knights of pythias 

bia Lodge, No. 3, located at Temperance Hall ; on the 2d of 
June, Potomac Lodge, No. 4, was organized, at Temperance 
Hall, and afterwards located at Island Hall, on the Island. 

On the 1 st of February, 1865, Alexandria Lodge, No. 1, of 
Virginia, was organized, through the efforts of Knight J. H. 
King, of Franklin Lodge, who was then engaged in the United 
States naval service near Alexandria. Knight King was appointed 
D. G. C. of the State of Virginia. The Lodges were at this 
time in a bad financial condition, but doing as well as could be 
expected under the circumstances. Potomac and Columbia 
Lodges ceased holding meetings in the latter part of April, in 
consequence of being unable to secure a quorum ; the minutes 
of Washington Lodge also show that for months at a time no 
meetings were held on account of not enough members being 
present to transact the business. Alexandria Lodge ceased hold- 
ing meetings in July, and at the annual session of the Grand 
Lodge, in June. 1865, but two Lodges were reported, Washing- 
ton and Franklin. At that session the following Grand Officers 
were elected and installed, viz. : 

Grand Chancellor — Clarence M. Barton, No. 2. 

Vice Grand Chancellor — Joseph H. Lawrence, No. 2. 

Grand Marshal — Edward Dunn, No. 2. 

Grand Scribe — Wm. Whitney, No. 1. 

Grand Banker — Dr. J. R. Keasbey, No. 1. 

Grand Herald — John W. Cross, No. 2. 

Grand Prelate — A. Van Der Veer, No. 1. 

Grand Inner Guardian — R. V. Henry, No. 1. 

Grand Outer Guardian — J. Titcomb, No. 1. 

The Grand Lodge held its last meeting on the 13th of June, 
1865. Washington Lodge, No. 1, ceased holding meetings in 
July of the same year, and petitioned Franklin Lodge to receive 
the members in good standing at the dissolution of the Lodge, 
and a few of them were members of Potomac Lodge, who had 
been received in a similar manner by Washington Lodge. Frank- 
lin Lodge, No. 2, upon the 1st of August, 1865, was the only 
Lodge in existence, the Grand Lodge having become defunct 
from necessity — it not being deemed advisable to continue 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 33 I 

its organization with only one Subordinate Lodge. Franklin 
Lodge, however, exercised all the functions of a Grand Lodge, 
its past officers installing the newly elected officers of their 
Lodge each quarter. The work, regalia, etc., in possession of 
Washington Lodge at its decease were turned over to Franklin 
Lodge on the 28th of September, 1865, upon the payment of 
eighteen dollars and seventy-five cents ($18.75), tne sum neces- 
sary to pay one quarter's rent of hall due by that Lodge. At the 
close of the year 1865, Franklin Lodge was in a prosperous con- 
dition, with a membership of nearly 60, and nearly two hundred 
dollars ($200.00) in the treasury. They had sustained a loss by 
their Banker of two hundred and fifty-five dollars and fifty-five 
cents ($255.55). 

At the beginning of the year 1866, the membership made a 
determined effort to either resuscitate old Lodges or establish new 
ones. The need of a perfect ritual in order to make the cere- 
monies more interesting and attractive had long been felt, and 
at this meeting of this Lodge the following committee was 
appointed to revise the Ritual, and, if possible, report at the 
next meeting : Past Chancellors Rathbone, Barton, Dunn, Cross, 
Cook, and F. S. Lawson, and Cooksey, of Franklin Lodge, and 
F. S. Sears and V. P. Downs, of Mount Vernon Lodge. On 
the 14th of May, the Committee reported that the Ritual had 
been placed by their sanction in the hands of Knight Rathbone 
for revision, and that he had performed his duty and reported 
to the Committee, who had unanimously approved of it. The 
report of the Committee was received and adopted, and the 
Ritual now in use was read and adopted as the Ritual of the 
Order by Franklin Lodge and Mount Vernon Lodge in joint 
meeting. On the 1st of May, 1866, pursuant to agreement, Past 
Chancellors Rathbone, Barton, Dunn, King, Cook, and Beech, 
of No. 2, John I. Downs, of No. 5, and Representative Strom- 
berger, of No. 5, met for the purpose of reorganizing the Grand 
Lodge, which had held no meetings since June, 1865. The 
offices of Grand Marshal, Herald, Prelate, Inner and Outer 
Guardian, in vogue at that time, were discontinued, and the fol- 
lowing officers were elected ; 



33 2 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Grand Chancellor — J. H. Rathbone. ' * 

Vice Grand Chancellor — Edw. Dunn. 

Grand Recording Scribe — Clarence M. Barton. 

Grand Financial Scribe — John I. Downs. 

Grand Banker — John H. King. 

Grand Guide — Thomas W. Cook. 

Grand Inner Steward — Levi Beech. 

Grand Outer Steward — John W. Cross. 

The number of Lodges at the close of the quarter ending Sept. 
30, 1866, was four, with a membership of 324. There were five 
Lodges at the close of the quarter ending March 31, 1867, with a 
total membership of 470. On the 30th of June, 1867, there were 
six Lodges, to wit: Franklin, No. 2, Mount Vernon, No. 5, Liberty, 
No. 6, Webster, No. 7, Friendship, No. 8, and Excelsior, No. 1, 
of Pennsylvania, with an aggregate membership of 694. 

The original meeting, when the work of the Order of Knights 
of Pythias was first read, took place at the house No. 369 F 
Street, between 8th and 9th Sts., Washington City, D. C, the 
following gentlemen being present (as the members of a musical 
association, known as the "Arion Glee Club") : Messrs. R. A. 
Champion, E. S. Kimball, D. L. Burnett, W. H. Burnett, 
Roberts, and Driver. These gentlemen were then and there 
duly obligated by Mr. Rathbone, and afterwards resolved them- 
selves into individual committees to obtain the names of proper 
persons to form the first Lodge. This meeting took place Mon- 
day evening, February 15, 1864, and on the following Wed- 
nesday morning Mr. Rathbone informed Mr. J. T. K. Plant 
of the business of the meeting, and solicited him to join the 
Order. Mr. Rathbone had, however, read the Ritual to Mr. R. 
A. Champion privately, at his own room, a few evenings previous 
to the above meeting. The Ritual was written by Mr. J. H. 
Rathbone originally, in the town of Eagle Harbor, Houghton 
(now Keewenaw) County, Lake Superior, Mich., in the winter 
of 1860-61. As heretofore stated, however, the first Pythian 
Lodge in the world was instituted on the evening of the 19th 
day of February, 1864, at Temperance Hall, now " Marini 
Hall/' Washington, D. C. The only Lodge in existence on the. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 333 

8th of April, 1864, when the Grand Lodge was instituted, was 
Washington Lodge, No. 1. 



The Grand Jurisdiction of New Jersey. 

NEW JERSEY as a State and her people as citizens have always 
been noted for their enterprise, devotion to principles of jus- 
tice, and zealous adherence to all secret associations that have 
for their foundation Friendship and Chanty. In the wars of the 
• Union the State was never known to shirk a responsibility, and 
the title of ' i Jersey Blues ' ' invoked upon her brave soldiery stands 
upon the records of America unsullied and unrivalled. Hence it 
was not surprising that the Order of Knights of Pythias was so 
ardently received and secured so firm a foothold in this State. On 
November 28, 1867, Hon. Stephen D. Young, William B. French, 
R. F. S. Heath, Richard B. Wilmot, John Matlack, Geo. W. 
ConroWj Chas. Mayhew, Joseph Braddock, and Wm. Penn 
Repsher, all residents of Camden, were initiated into Damon 
Lodge, No. 8, in the city of Philadelphia. On December 12 
of that year the above-named Knights assembled in Odd-Fellows' 
Hall, in Camden, and were instituted as Damon Lodge by several 
Grand Officers from Washington, D. C. Upon that occasion 
nearly fifty gentlemen were initiated ; among the number was 
the Hon. Samuel Read, who subsequently became the first Su- 
preme Chancellor. P. G. C. Young officiated that evening as 
Grand Inner Guard. The Grand Lodge was instituted by G. 
C. Westwood, of the District of Columbia. Hon. Samuel Read, 
P. S. C, was the first G. C, and W. B. French was the first G. 
K. of R. and S. C. P. Vanneman is the present G. C, and E. 
V. Lorton is G. K. of R. and S. 



334 THE KNIGHTS OP PYTHIAS 

MONUMENT TO PETER WOODLAND, THE 
PYTHIAN MARTYR. 

We present our readers with an excellent engraving of the 
beautiful " Woodland 1 ' Monument, erected by the generous and 
liberal contributions of the chivalric Knights of the Supreme 
Jurisdiction, under the supervision of Lincoln Lodge, No. 36, 
K. of P., of the Grand Jurisdiction of New Jersey. 

On the 5th of October, 1880, a committee was raised by 
Lincoln Lodge, No. 36, K. of P., for the purpose of soliciting 
contributions for such monument. 

W. R. Allen, Past Chancellor, Gustave Steup, Past Chancellor, 
Philip Lynch, Past Chancellor, and George W. Point, Chancellor 
Commander, constituted said committee, and the liberal donations 
well attest their zeal, efficiency, and fidelity in discharging the 
important trust. 

On November 13, 1880, Hon. Henry W. Long, Grand Chan- 
cellor, granted a dispensation, allowing the committee to solicit 
in the Grand Jurisdiction of New Jersey, which was subsequently 
approved by the Supreme Chancellor of the World, and permis- 
sion obtained to ask aid throughout the Supreme Jurisdiction. 

The committee received over eighteen hundred dollars, with 
which they purchased ground, enclosed the same, and completed 
and erected the elegant monument. Nearly every Grand Juris- 
diction in the world is represented among the donors. 

A few days prior to the unveiling of the monument, a list of 
the names of all donors, whether as Lodges or individuals, and 
all papers pertaining to funeral ceremonies, were deposited in 
Case of the monument. 

The lot is located on corner of Chapel and Garfield Avenues, 
and is passed by every one that enters the cemetery, and is 
enclosed in a most substantial and permanent manner, with the 
number of the lot, name of the section, and date of its erection 
in large polished raised letters on the gate posts, heavy galvanized 
bars, with ornamental centres and ends, and the name of Peter 
Woodland cast thereon. 

The monument is erected in the rear of the lot, on a concrete 
foundation, eight feet in depth. 




WOODLAND MONUMENT. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 535 

The first and second Case, i. e., block and cap of monument, 
are made of Grate Neck granite, from the quarry of Theo. F. 
Powers, of Waterford, Conn,, being of a silver gray color. 

The following are the dimensions, to wit : 

ist. First or bottom base, 3=6x3 = 6x1=4, with a re- 
pository 1=6 X 1=6x0= 10, containing a list of the names 
of all donors and all the funeral ceremonies, which are sealed 
with a plate of galvanized iron and lead. 

2d. Second base, 2 = 10 X 2 = 10 x 1 = 2, highly polished on 
four sides, with the name "Woodland " on the front side, in a 
panel, in six-inch letters, and raised three-fourths of an inch. 

3d. Die block, 2 = 2 x 2 = 2 x 4=1, polished on four sides, 

half-inch raised panels, with ivy vine running around the top, 

raised one-quarier inch, with the following inscription on front 

side, to wit ; 

ERECTED 

By the Order of 
KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

IN MEMORY OF 

BROTHER 
PETER WOODLAND, 

Of Hector Lodge, No. 49, 

OF 

Philadelphia, Pa., 

•who was killed in the disaster at the hudson river tunnel, 

Wednesday, July 2 ist, 1880. 

Aged 32 Years. 

HE SACRIFICED HIS LIFE THAT OTHERS MIGHT LIVE. 

The words " Knights of Pythias," "Brother," and "Peter 
Woodland " being two and a half inch raised letters, the balance 
in sunk letters. 

4th. Cap, 2 = 4X2 = 4X 1 = 9, polished on four sides, with 
the emblem raised half an inch on front side, and a sprig of 
myrtle raised on the other three sides, the cap being dowelled to 
the die-block with copper dowels. 

5th. On the cap stands a life-size statue of "THE PYTHIAN 



33^ THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

MARTYR," in citizen's dress, in the position of a Knight. 
The statue is of the best Italian marble, and is six feet and one 
inch from bottom of feet to top of head, and rests on a base 
about eight inches in height. The weight of statue is nearly 
eighteen hundred pounds, and the base is mortised into the cap, 
and dowelled with copper dowels. The monument is fifteen feet 
and one inch in height. 

The doctrine of vicarious suffering has an application other 
than that respecting the atonement by our blessed Lord Jesus 
Christ, in a sense different, yet quite as true. It is seen that 
one beast perishes in order to sustain the lives of other ani- 
mals ; we shed the blood of the ox and the sheep, that we may 
subsist upon their flesh ; every mother furnishes an example in 
the pains of childbirth, and alas ! too often, in severer and more 
prolonged pangs of soul through the misconduct of those whom 
she loves, and suffers to save. The pioneers of civilization — 
those who precede — and with rifle, axe, and saddle-bags, cut 
down the forests, upturn the entangled roots of the virgin prai- 
ries, brave the pestilential fevers of undrained marshes, and, 
in pain, linger through a premature old age, or lay their bones 
upon the surface of the wilderness to bleach, because there was 
none to bury them, are examples of those who suffer and perish, 
that others may come after them and enjoy life, and health, and 
prosperity, and all the culture of cities. 

The explorers of unknown regions, like Franklin in the Arctic 
seas, or Livingstone in the heart of Africa, fulfil the same all- 
pervading law. And so, too, do those noble men, the mission- 
aries of the church, who go everywhere planting the cross, in 
obedience to the great commission ; they became the martyrs 
whose blood is the seed of the church. 

All great enterprises make demand for sacrifice. Every upward 
step in the progress of civilization must be laid in mortar mixed 
with blood. And those which are chiefly experiments, where 
the powerful forces of nature, like the lightning and steam and 
air, are utilized, are extra hazardous. In proportion to their value 
is the demand for preliminary suffering ; so that there are other 
martyrs beside those of Smithfield and the Netherlands. Science 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT- BO OK. 337 

has hers, and civilization hers, as well as religion. Suffering is 
a part of the price paid for all our benefits, and for the good of 
the many a few must perish. One remarkable instance will 
hereafter be noted in regard to those twenty men who died in 
order that a channel of travel and of traffic may be made beneath 
the bed of the Hudson. 

It is the custom of civilized peoples to rear monuments for the 
great. In ancient times they were almost entirely the monopoly 
of monarchs. In times more modern they have been erected for 
others — for those who were " great in arms, in art, and in song." 

The traveller in sunny Florence will linger long within the 
churches, as of Santa Croce, and meditate over the career and 
services of Galileo, the man of science, and of Michael Angelo, 
the many-sided genius, and of Savonarola, the martyred reformer 
before the Reformation ; and he will find much to restore his 
gravity by visiting the tombs of the mighty dead as he passes 
out of frivolous Paris to the P ere- la- Chaise, and he may lengthen 
the hours into days and the days into weeks, if he would give 
the reins to his memory and imagination as he recalls the deeds, 
or the looks, or the incidents relating to those of the great of 
England, whose precious dust is encased, as in a jewel box, by 
Westminster Abbey. And this is well ; it serves its purpose. 
But all the great are not thus remembered ; still they have their 
monuments. . The Mary who washed the Saviour's feet, and 
wiped them with the hair of her head ; the widow who, in, her 
penury, dropped her two mites into the treasury, are not remem- 
bered in marble or bronze, but the deeds of love and devotion, 
the principle of self-sacrifice, are remembered, and they point a 
lesson for all, of all time. God makes use of it, and He never 
forgets. And so it may be that there will be no shaft of granite 
pointing to the skies erected over the grave of our departed 
friend, yet the act he performed, and the words he spoke, will be 
quoted when others, higher in station, shall have perished and 
been forgotten. " Save yourselves and us if you can !" Let the 
sentence be placed upon his tombstone, if only a tombstone shall 
mark the spot where he lies. And let it stimulate all who hear 
it, or who shall read it, to a life of devotion and self-sacrifice. 
29 W 



338 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

A PYTHIAN HERO HONORED. 

The largest and finest gathering of the Knights of Pythias since 
their grand assembly at Philadelphia, in the Centennial year, 
was that witnessed in Jersey City, N. J., on Wednesday, May 
30, 1883. Nearly three thousand Knights participated in the 
event, the unveiling of the monument to the hero Peter Wood- 
land, who brought about his own death to save the lives of the 
eight men, who, favored by fortune, reached the airlock in the 
Hudson River tunnel before the iron plates and masonry crashed 
in and forced to, and securely held, the door of the airlock on 
the tunnel side. While the cries of despair went up from the 
twenty-eight men, as the water steadily submerged them, and all 
fought desperately but fruitlessly for life, there was but one man 
who was his own master — one man who, though staring death in 
the face, realized that the eight men in the airlock could be 
saved. The compressed air confined in the lock held the door, 
and the efforts of the eight to force it open had failed. They 
had expended their strength, and to them there seemed to be 
no escape from death by drowning. But Peter Woodland gave 
his order — an order that was heard above the wails of anguish of 
the men who knew that escape from death was impossible — 
" Break out the bull's eye." The order was calmly given and 
the bull's eye was crushed out on the shaft side, and thus the 
compressed air held by the rush of the water which poured 
through the bulkhead and loft filling on one side, and the door 
of the airlock on the other, was allowed to escape. The resist- 
ance was gone, and the door was then easily opened. The eight 
men dashed up the steps of the shaft and were saved, but the 
release of the compressed air, which had resisted the flow of the 
water, left the water to flow in unmercifully, and Peter Woodland 
and his twenty subordinates quickly perished. He was a member 
of Hector Lodge, Knights of Pythias, of Philadelphia. Lincoln 
Lodge, of this city, was requested by their brothers in the Quaker 
city Lodge to take charge of the remains, and they buried him 
with Pythian honors in New York Bay cemetery. A plot was 
purchased, and a fund for the erection of a monument to the hero 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOX. 339 

was started, to which all the members of the Order in the United 
States were invited to contribute. 



Unveiling the Woodland Monument. 

It was nearly five o'clock when the head of the procession 
reached the western entrance to the cemetery and entered. 
When half-way to Washington Avenue, they turned to the right 
and gathered round the platform, on which were seated a number 
of leading members of the Order, including a large delegation 
from Hector Lodge, No. 49, of Philadelphia, of which organi- 
zation Peter Woodland was a member. Grand Chancellor C. P. 
Vanneman opened the exercises by giving a short description of 
the work of raising funds for the building of the monument, and 
said it was a free-will offering of the members of the Order. 
Rev. Mr. Barnes offered a short prayer, and then P. C. C. Moses 
F. Badgley, of Newark, who had been induced to speak, was in- 
troduced. He said that the work had been accomplished under 
the management of a committee, consisting of W. R. Allen, 
Philip Lynch, and Gustave Steup. He then referred to the ac- 
cident which caused the death of Peter Woodland in the Hudson 
River tunnel, on July 21, 1880, and commended his heroism. 
At the close of Mr. Badgley's remarks the order was given to 
unveil the monument, and the flag which covered it was removed. 
Mr. George B. Jones, of Philadelphia, a member of Hector 
Lodge, then addressed those present, and on behalf of his Lodge 
he thanked the members of the Order for the interest manifested 
in thus contributing to honor their heroic brother. 

William R. Allen, of Lincoln Lodge, was then called upon, 
and responded with a brief but feeling address in memory of 
Peter Woodland. 

Mrs. Woodland and her child were in a coach near the monu- 
ment at the time it was unveiled. The monument, including the 
figure of the dead hero, is about sixteen feet in height, the base 
being of granite and the figure of marble, and is the work of Mr. 
George H. Kidder, of this city. 

About ten thousand people witnessed the ceremony. 



34^ THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIA& 

The Grand Jurisdiction of Pennsylvania. 

ON the 19th day of February, 1867, a meeting was held at the 
residence of Geo. Hensler, cor. 15th and Brown Streets, in 
the city of Philadelphia, for the purpose of organizing a 
Lodge. Mr. Hensler was chosen chairman and P. G. C. Barton 
explained the principles and objects of the Order. 

An application was then signed for a charter, and the follow- 
ing officers named: Wilbur H. Myers, V. P.; Fred. Coppes, 
W. C. ; J. J. Fisher, W. V. C. ; Wm. A. Porter, W. B. ; A. J. 
Huhlzinger, W. F. S. ; G. Gross, W. R. S. ; J. W. Hencill, W. 
G. 3 James M. Devitt, W. I. S. There were nineteen others 
besides the officers who united in the movement. The Grand 
Lodge of the District of Columbia promptly acted on the ap- 
plication for a charter, and granted it. 

On the morning of February 23, 1867, the committee ap- 
pointed to institute the first Lodge in the Keystone State, was 
escorted to the depot from Mount Vernon Lodge room, by the 
different Lodges in Washington City, headed by Heald's band. 
The committee was received in Philadelphia by Past Grand Chan- 
cellors Barton and Dunn and the members of Excelsior Lodge, 
No. 1, and conducted to the hall of the Mechanic's Fire Engine 
Company, where, at eight o'clock, p. m., on the same day, the 
Lodge was duly organized and the officers installed. 

The Grand Lodge was duly instituted at Pythian Hall, Fourth 
and George Streets, Philadelphia, on December 13, 1867, by 
G. C. Westwood, of the District of Columbia. The first Grand 
Officers who were duly elected and installed at the date of insti- 
tution were as follows, to wit : 

Wilbur H. Myers, V. G. P. ; Geo. W. Crouch, G. C. ; Wm. 
Blancbois, G. R. S. ; Wm. F. Slocum, G. F. S. ; Wm. T. Rose, 
G. B. ; C. B. Prentiss, G. G. ; Joseph L. Nichols, G. I. S. ; E. 
T. Martin, G. O. S. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 34 1 



The Grand Jurisdiction of Connecticut. 

IN November, 1868, William J. Kelley, a member of the Order 
of Knights of Pythias of Philadelphia, Pa. , visited New Haven, 
in this State, for the purpose of instituting the Order. Edward 
W. Dawson, of New Haven, was the only Knight in that State, 
he having been initiated into the Order in New York. Subse- 
quently, Knight Dawson was appointed D. D. G. C. Knight 
Kelley was determined to engraft the beautiful teachings of the 
Order in this State, and formed the acquaintance of John F. 
Comstock and C. B. Hine. Soon they began to agitate the sub- 
ject of instituting a Lodge. The requisite number of signatures 
being obtained upon the petition, an informal meeting was held 
on the 13th of November, 1868, when it was decided to institute 
a Lodge. On the 17th of the same month, Grand Chancellor 
Abram Levy, of New York, with other Grand Officers, instituted 
Rathbone Lodge, No. 1, at New Haven. This Lodge had an 
original membership of 35. It increased so rapidly that, on 
December 17, Damon Lodge, No. 2, was organized, chiefly 
from members of No. 1. On the 23d of that month Ezel Lodge, 
No. 3, was formed. Thus within the short space of two months, 
three Lodges had been created, all doing good work. 

On January 9, 1869, a meeting was held at the office of 
Knight Dawson for the purpose of organizing a Grand Lodge. 
At this meeting D. D. G. C. Dawson presided. An adjourn- 
ment then took place until January 18, when the Grand Lodge 
of Connecticut was duly organized, and the officers regularly in- 
stalled. The following officers were elected for the ensuing term : 
John F. Comstock, V. G. P. ; Edward W. Dawson, G. C. ; John 
W. Lute, G. V. C. ) George A. Ward, G. K. of R. and S. ; George 
W. Douglass, G. P. ; William L. Tuttle, G. G. ; Charles A. Wii- 
loughly, G. I. S. ; Daniel H. Brown, G. O. S. 



29* 



34 2 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

The Grand Jurisdiction of Maryland. 

THE Order was established in this State by the institution, 
on the evening of November 27, 1867, of two Lodges — 
Golden, No. 1, and Monumental, No. 2. They received 
their charters from the Grand Lodge of the District of Columbia, 
and the ceremonies of instituting were performed by the Grand 
Officers of the District of Columbia. 

The Grand Lodge of Maryland was organized March 17, 
1868, by the Representatives of four Subordinate Lodges, viz., 
Golden, No. 1, Monumental, No. 2, Baltimore City, No. 3, and 
De Haven, No. 4 (the latter afterwards changed to Gratitude), 
all of whom are still strong and vigorous Lodges. Grand Chan- 
cellor William P. West wood, P. C. John Shultz, and others of 
the Grand Lodge of the District of Columbia, officiated on the 
occasion. The following named gentlemen were elected and 
installed as the first officers of the Grand Lodge : James A. Camp- 
bell, G. C. ; C. T. Abbott, G. V. C. ; O. C. Weigley, V. P. ; G. 
G. Green, G. F. S. ; W. M. Bowen, G. B. ; T. Turner, G. R. S. ; 
Charles E. Lowe/ G. G. ; W. P. Espey, G. I. S. \ John H. Osem, 
G. O. S. 

The Grand Jurisdiction of New York. 

THE Grand Lodge of New York was organized by Supreme 
Chancellor Samuel Read, on Wednesday, the 29th of Octo- 
ber, 1868, in the city of New York. The dispensation for that 
purpose was granted on the 1 4th of October in the same year, under 
the hand of the Supreme Chancellor, and attest of Clarence M. 
Barton, as Supreme Recording and Corresponding Scribe. On 
the 24th of October a preliminary meeting was held at the house 
of Dr. Abram G. Levy, No. 42 Attorney Street, he being at that 
time the Deputy Grand Chancellor. There were 4 Lodges in 
existence in the State and 27 members attended the preliminary 
meeting. The following were elected Grand Officers, and they 
were subsequently, at the institution of the Grand Lodge, rati- 
fied, and duly installed as such ; Dr. Henry W. Good, V. Q. P. \ 






COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 343 

Dr. Abram G. Levy, G. C. ; Wm. A. Hayward, G. V. C. ; Ber- 
nard F. Dierks, G. S. ; Simon J. Weinthal, G. B. ; A. Abrams, 
G. G. ; Jacob Regus, G. I. S. ; C. J. Auffarth, G. O. S. The 
Supreme Officers present on the 29th of October were, Wilbur H. 
Myers, S. V. P. \ Samuel Read, S. C. \ Wm. A. Porter, S. B. 
The balance of the offices were filled by appointment. 



The Grand Jurisdiction of Virginia. 

THE Grand Lodge was instituted at Richmond, on the 30th 
of October, 1868, the charter having been issued on the 
14th of October, 1868. Clarence L. Barton, then S. C. and 
R. S., was the instituting officer. The first Grand Lodge of- 
ficers were as follows, to wit : E. G. Tompkins, V. G. P. ; H. 
G. C. Hartman, G. C. ; J. R O'Daniel, G. V. C. \ W. E. Buford, 
G. R. and C. S. ; W. W. Gosden, G. B. 



344 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



THE TRUE PYTHIAN MARTYR. 

ADDRESS OF REV. DR. EDWARDS, OF VIRGINIA. 

My Brother Knights : — The occasion is full of sad and mournful interest. 
What mean the plaintive strains of that funeral dirge still lingering in our 
ears? What mean these badges of mourning? What means this large 
assemblage of the Knights of Pythias, who, with tearful eyes, and swelling 
hearts, and sorrowful faces, crowd this sanctuary of religious worship, as the 
sun of the declining day bends to the horizon, and the shadows of the even- 
ing begin to fall ? What means this vast concourse of citizens — ladies and 
gentlemen — who, in the midst of the week, have turned away from their coun- 
ters, and ledgers, and workshops — from the din and bustle of business, and 
from the rounds of domestic duty, and the recreations of pleasure, to pause a 
moment, in the whirl of life, by the altar, and within the hallowed precincts 
of God's house ? What means this solemn silence ? It is the mute tribute 
of affection which the living pay to the chivalrous, the heroic, the honored 
dead. In the narrow confines of that little coffin, which rests on the corpse 
table in front of this chancel, is contained the charred and excoriated remains 
of our honored brother Knight, Samuel Holder Hines, who sacrificed his 
own life in the noble, manly, and determined effort to rescue a brother 
Knight from the devouring flames which consumed the Spotswood Hotel, in 
this city, on the morning of December 25th, 1870. 

These obsequies are made solemn, and more than ordinarily impressive, 
by the marked peculiarities which distinguish the occasion. A great Brother- 
hood, known under the name and title of " The Knights of Pythias," has 
grown up in this city, as elsewhere in this broad country, with unprecedented 
rapidity. It embraces in the membership of the Order much of the flower 
and prime of the early manhood of the city of Richmond. 

The Order is founded on the grand principle of Friendship and Brotherly 
Love. The obligations which unite the Order bind its members together by 
sacred ties, and pledge them to the offices of Friendship, one to the other. 
Under impressive rites and solemn ceremonies this first lesson of Friend- 
ship is taught, and the principle sought to be infixed in the mind and im- 
penshably written on the heart. In the higher degrees it is repeated, and 
strongly guarded by Caution and Bravery. We have occasion to boast and 
be proud of the principles of our Order. 

But the question arises, are these principles carried out into practical effect 
by the Brotherhood, in the reciprocal duties and relations of life ? The out- 
side world will say the profession is beautiful as a theory and a sentiment y but 
that Pythian friendship is a fiction and a fable, and that we look in vain for 
its illustrations and exemplification in any actual example in life. We may 




> 
ft 
o 

ttf- 



ft 
o 
o 

Eh- 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 345 

admit, without the surrender of the principle, that the instances are rare ; but 
we claim for this occasion, as its marked and distinctive peculiarities, that 
we celebrate the funeral solemnities of a brother Knight who, in his death as 
in his life, fully illustrated and vindicated the exalted principles of our Order, 
and taught us, by his sublime example, that " it is sweet to die for those we 
love." All honor and praise to the brave, heroic, and courageous Samuel 
Holder Hines, who, having forced his way through the suffocating smoke 
and smothered flames that choked the passages and stairways of the fated 
Spotswood, to a point of personal safety, and then bethought himself of a 
brother Knight, who was sleeping in an upper room, exposed to danger and 
death, despite remonstrance and entreaty, rushed back through the lurid 
blaze and scorching fire and perished in the chivalrous and Pythian effort to 
rescue and save the life of his friend, at the peril of his own. He actually 
sacrificed his life on the altar of Friendship. 

Poesy has woven the garlands of immortality around less heroic deeds than 
that performed by our brave and noble brother. Fiction and dramatic litera- 
ture perpetuate names, even if they were real, less entitled to distinction, on the 
honored scroll of fame, than that of Samuel Holder Hines. Eloquence, in high- 
wrought eulogy, has sought, in fervid and glowing terms, to render imperish- 
able the deeds of statesmen, and military chieftains, and philanthropists, and 
even of martyrs, not more entitled to live in the annals of literature, and 
eloquence and song, than the deed of calm, quiet, and courageous friendship 
in which the subject of this solemnity sacrificed his life. 

This is no fiction ; no creation of the poet or novelist ; it is an actual fact. 
Nor is it something that occurred at a remote point of our earth, or in a dis- 
tant and bygone age of the world ; but a thing that has fallen under our own 
eyes, in our own city, and within the last few days. It was but the other 
day that our departed brother was with us in the social, every- day walks of 
life; with us in the Lodge room ; with us in this sanctuary of religious wor- 
ship. But the other day he was at his place of business. But the other day 
he exchanged friendly salutations with us in the streets, and spoke cheerfully 
and hopefully of plans and prospects for the future. It was but yesterday 
his remains were exhumed from the bricks, and lime, and rubbish, and 
smouldering ruins of the Spotswood Hotel. These brother Knights have 
seen the face, and clasped the hand of the man whose memory is to be 
linked with this imperishable, self-sacrificing deed of friendship, through the 
on-coming years of time ; and to-day, in this house, where he so frequently 
worshipped, we pay this tribute to his memory, and drop the silent tear over 
his mutilated remains. 

Who was Captain Samuel H. Hines? We answer, the son of a pious 
mother and a godly father — an elder in the Presbyterian Church — who in- 
stilled into his youthful mind the principles of virtue, morality, and religion, 
and taught him, when but a child, that truthfulness, integrity, and honor were 



346 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS \ 

the sure paths to success in business, to a place in the confidence and esteem 
of his friends, to a useful life, and a position of honorable distinction among 
his fellow-men. Nay more, they taught him that the religion of the Bible was 
the safeguard of youth, the crowning glory of manhood, and the highest and 
most beautiful adornment of old age. He was born in the town of Milton, 
Caswell County, North Carolina, January, 1836, and, had he lived a few days 
longer, would have numbered his thirty-fifth year. He engaged in mercan- 
tile pursuits for a livelihood. At the opening of the late war, full of life and 
vigor, he entered the service of the Confederate States as a soldier, and rose 
to the office of captain. He passed through every phase of the Confederate 
soldier's life; in the camp and in the battle strife; in long and tedious im- 
prisonment; in hunger and want; through summer's heat and winter's cold, 
and came out without a blemish on his fair name as a soldier.^ After the 
close of the war he again returned to his mercantile pursuits. In the town of 
Danville, Va., his employer was burned out, and he barely escaped with his 
life by jumping from a window. He came to Richmond some three years 
ago, since which time, till the period of his lamented and untimely death, he 
was employed as salesman in a large wholesale mercantile house in this 
city ; where, by the urbanity of his manners, the obliging turn of his disposi- 
tion, his promptitude in business, his social qualities, and moral excellence, 
he won the confidence, esteem, and admiration of his employers to an extent 
rarely equalled and never surpassed, and so entrenched himself in the affec- 
tions and friendship of those who knew him best as never to be forgotten by 
them. 

We will not say that he was faultless ; this would be fulsome praise and ad- 
ulation. We will not say that he had no equals in the private virtues that 
adorned his life ; but we will say, would to God we had more like him. He, 
himself, was conscious of one great defect in his own* life. This was evinced 
by his remark to a brother Knight, on the afternoon of the day just before his 
death, in which he said that " he intended to retrieve his character." When 
inquired of what he meant by such a remark, he said he meant "that no man, 
in his estimation, was what he should be, who was not a Christian gentle- 
man" He intended to come out publicly and be a church-member, and 
consecrate his life to the duties of religion, and the service of the Church of 
God in the world. Well for him that he had formed this purpose; better that 
he had sooner put it into practical effect. Suddenly, and unexpectedly to 
himself, this noble and estimable young man has been prematurely removed 
by death, from time to eternity. 

Brother Knights, you will greet our departed friend no more this side the 
grave. His charred hand can no more reciprocate the cordial grasp of friend- 
ship. His manly form and winning face will be seen no more in our Lodge. 
He will come no more to his accustomed seat in that gallery to hear the word 
of God preached. His work is done, and he has gone to his reward in the 
eternal world. 




SAMUEL HOLDEN HINES. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 347 

Thank God, it is not all a loss. The deed, which formed the crowning act 
of his life, still lives, though the hero be dead. And by it "he being dead, 
yet speaketh." The deed is imperishable, and is worthy of perpetuation by 
the chisel of the sculptor, the pencil of the artist, and the pen of the historian 
and dramatist. The deed, with its influences and suggestive lessons, is ours; 
it belongs to the world, and shall live, as an honor to our common humanity, 
though the name of him who performed it be effaced, by Time's busy fingers, 
from his tombstone, and the last perishable memorial of him fade from the 
earth. 

Especially does this deed belong to the Pythian Knighthood. The Old 
Dominion Lodge, No. 4, of Richmond, Va., loses a member from its roll, but 
the Order everywhere sustains a loss — and while brother Knights in all places 
mingle in a common sorrow, they share in the honor and glory of the con- 
spicuous and praiseworthy deed which immortalizes our own Samuel Holder 
Hines. Let his name and his heroic deed shine, side by side, like two bright 
and lustrous stars, in the firmament of our Pythian heavens forever. While 
we shed our tears, and bemoan our loss, we nevertheless feel cheered and 
comforted by the fact that, in his death, he fully vindicated his claim to the 
confidence we had reposed in him as a brother Knight while living. 

Learn hence, my brothers, to live right. We dishonor our name by irregular 
and sinful lives. The principles by which we profess to be governed, and 
which are so earnestly inculcated in our lectures and ceremonies, bind us to 
live lives of moral rectitude, especially distinguished by the cardinal virtues 
of Friendship and Brotherly Love. 

Learn to prepare for death. Something more than mere friendship and 
brotherly love, in the ordinary acceptation of these terms, is necessary as a 
preparation for death. We must personally become reconciled to God, through 
the merits of the world's Redeemer, or we cannot meet our God in peace, 
when summoned from time to eternity. Repentance, saving faith in the aton- 
ing blood of our Saviour, and obedience to God's commandments are the 
conditions of preparation for death. 

Learn the extreme uncertainty of human life. What is it ? A vapor that 
appearefh for a little time, and then vanisheth away. What is it? A dream 
when one awaketh What is it ? A flower that cometh up in the morning 
and in the evening is cut down and withereth. What is it ? A shadow that 
fleeth and continueth not. What is it ? A span, a handbreadth, a nothing! 
" What shadows we are, and what shadows we pursue. The wail of prophecy 
comes pealing over the lapse of the ages ; all flesh is grass, and all the glory 
of man as the flower of the grass ; the grass withereth, and the flower thereof 
falleth away ; but the word of the Lord endureth forever." 

Thank God there is something real, something substantial in this world of 
fleeting shadows. The word of the Lord shall stand forever. This is the 
immovable rock amid the vicissitudes and changing fortunes of time. Here 



34 8 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

let us take our stand upon the immutable truth of God's word, as contained 
in the Holy Scriptures ; let us form and fashion our lives by its holy precepts, 
and then, when God shall call us hence, whether it be by day or by night, at 
home or abroad, among friends or among strangers, whether it be suddenly, 
as our brother was called away, or after lingering illness, and slow decline, 
we may be ready to die in peace with God and all mankind, and have minis- 
tered to us an abundant entrance into God's everlasting kingdom. 

And now, brother Knights, as the evening shadows fall, as the church 
grows dim and dusky, as the din and bustle of the city die on the ear, as the 
hush and quiet of the day's decline steal in upon us, you will take up the re- 
mains of our brother, and bear them tenderly, lightly, lovingly away from the 
church, preparatory to their removal to his relatives and friends, where he 
shall rest alongside of other members of his family, in the old family burying- 
ground, near the home of his youth, and hard by the playground that wit- 
nessed the sports of his innocent childhood. 

Hail brother, and farewell ! Peace to the ashes, and honor to the memory 
of Samuel Holder Hines. 



The Grand Jurisdiction of Delaware. 

ON the 14th of May, 1868, with J. H. Rathbone, founder of 
the Order, W. P. Westwood, G. C, Daniel Carrigan, G. V. 
C, J. Broadbury, and J. Dudley, of the Grand Lodge of 
the District of Columbia, acting as officers of the Provisional 
Supreme Lodge of the World, was organized the Grand Lodge of 
Delaware, at Wilmington. The first Grand Lodge officers were 
as follows, to wit : Frank A. Taylor, G. C. ; James L. Smith, V. 
G. P. j Robert White, G. V. C. ; Ralph Rigby, G. R. S. ; 
Ephraim L. Seely, G. F. S, ; Andrew Carey, G. B. ; Henry S. 
Truitt, G. I. S. ; Lewis Zelby, G. O. S. 



The Grand Jurisdiction of California. 

THE Grand Lodge was organized on the 28th of September, 
1869, by Supreme Chancellor Read. The following were 
the first officers of this Grand Jurisdiction, to wit : W. C. 
Mead, of Our Lodge, No.. 5, V. G. P. \ George H. Chard, of 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 349 

California Lodge, No. 1, G. C. ; David Kerr, of Golden Gate 
Lodge, No. 3, G. V. C. ; Robert H. Barclay, California Lodge, 
No. 1, G. K. of R. and S. ; George P. Fisher, of Damon Lodge, 
No. 2, G. B. ; James S. Merrill, of California Lodge, No. 1, G. 
G. j Will F. Dunbar, Golden Gate, No. 3, G. I. S. ; William C. 
Lemon, of Washington Lodge, No. 7, G. O. S. 



The Grand Jurisdiction of Indiana. 

'T^HIS Grand Lodge was instituted on the 20th of October, 
1869, at Indianapolis, by Supreme Chancellor Read. The 
following named Knights constituted the first board of 

Grand Lodge officers, to wit : John Cavin, G. C. ; Charles P. 

Carty, G. P. ; John L. Brown, G. V. C. ; George H. Seran, G. 

R. and C. S. ; G. F. Meyer, G. B. 



1 



The Grand Jurisdiction of Iowa. 

r T^HE order was introduced into Iowa on the 19th of June, 
1869, through the efforts of B. F. Pinkerton, of Tremont 
Lodge, No. 1 28, of the Grand Jurisdiction of Pennsylvania. 
The first Lodge was organized at Cedar Rapids, on the 14th of 
September, 1869, and called Star of the West, by Past Supreme 
Chancellor Read, of New Jersey, and Deputy Grand Chancellor 
Kester, of Illinois, for Iowa. On the 4th of July, 1870, the Grand 
Lodge was instituted at Cedar Rapids, by Past Supreme Chan- 
cellor Samuel Read. There were Representatives present from 
Lodges Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. At the first session a constitu- 
tion for Subordinate Lodges, Grand Lodge, and a Code of Proce- 
dure were adopted. 



30 



350 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

DAMON AND PYTHIAS. 

BY S. V. C. VAN VALKENBURG. 

The beautiful historic incident illustrating the wonderful friendship that 
existed between Damon and Pythias, challenges the admiration and emula- 
tion of the good, noble, and true of the whole human race. The pen of 
fiction, the genius of the artist, and the brilliant imagination of the poet, 
have been busy for centuries in weaving about it the charms of romance, in 
transferring it in enchanting colors to the canvas, and decorating it with the 
choicest gems and garlands of poesy. Although twenty-three hundred years 
have come and gone, still this act of unsullied friendship shines on with a fade- 
less lustre, and acts like an inspiration upon myriads of human hearts, intensi- 
fying their love one for another, and daily and hourly drawing men into a closer 
bond of union. This thrilling story is one that " the world will not willingly let 
die." The founder of our Order has interwoven it like a thread of gold into our 
ritualistic work, and thereby assured its perpetuity. He writes that "Our 
object as an organization is to emulate, so far as poor weak humanity can, the 
self-sacrificing magnanimity, the heroic friendship, and the sincere affection 
evinced and practically exemplified by the two great and good men we hail as 
prototypes." No scholar any longer doubts the authenticity or questions the 
fact that these wonderful men lived at the beginning of the fourth century, 
B.C., and that one of them was condemned to death by the Syracusan tyrant, 
and that one of them became hostage for the other. It seems to be generally 
conceded that one of them was a soldier by profession and the other a dis- 
tinguished scholar and civilian — one prominent in the army, and the other 
renowned as a senator. There can be no doubt that one of them, after the 
sentence of death had been decreed by Dionysius, became hostage for the 
other, and we are well satisfied that the weight of historical evidence is in 
favor of the version as promulgated in the Ritual. " Damon and Pythias 
had both been educated in the principles of the Pythagorean philosophy, and 
were united to each other in the strictest ties of friendship, which they had 
mutually sworn to observe with the most inviolable fidelity. Their faith was 
put to a severe trial. One of them being condemned to die by the tyrant, 
petitioned for permission to make a journey into his own country, to settle 
his affairs, promising to return at a fixed time; the other generously offering 
to be his security. The courtiers, and Dionysius in particular, expected with 
impatience the event of so delicate and extraordinary an adventure. The 
day fixed for his return drawing nigh, and he not appearing, everybody began 
to blame the rash, importunate zeal of his friend, who had bound himself in 
such a manner. But he, far from expressing any fear or concern, replied, 
with a tranquil air and confident tone, that he was sure his friend would 
return; as he did, upon the day and hour agreed. The tyrant, struck with 
admiration at so uncommon an instance of fidelity, and softened with thQ 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 35 1 

view of so amiable a union, granted him his life, and desired to be admitted 
as a third person into their friendship." Rollings Ancient History, Vol. I., p. 
451. Cic. de Offic, L III., n. 43. Val. Max., 1. IV., c. 7. 

One of the most reliable writers on Grecian history, says that " The story 
of the devoted attachment of the two Pythagoreans, Damon and Phintias, 
appears to be very well attested : Aristoxenus heard it from the lips of the 
younger Dionysius, the despot, whose sentence had elicited such mani- 
festation of friendship." Grate's History of Greece, 4th Vol., p. 404. Por- 
phyry, Vit. Pyth., 1, 59-62. Cicero de Offic., III. IO; and Davie s ad Cicero 
Tusc, Disp. V., 22. 

They were disciples of Pythagoras. " Nor are we to believe that Pythag- 
oras came originally to Croton with the express design of creating for himself 
an ascendant political position ; still less that he came for the purpose of re- 
alizing a great preconceived political idea, and transforming Croton into a 
model city of pure Dorism, as has been supposed by some eminent modern 
authors. Such scherrres might indeed be ascribed to him by Pythagoreans of 
the Platonic age, when large ideas of political amelioration were rife in the 
minds of speculative men, by men disposed to forego the authorship of their 
own opinions, and preferring to accredit them as traditions handed down 
from a founder who had left no memorials; but it requires better evidence 
than theirs to make us believe that any real Greek born in 580 B. C. actually 
conceived such plans. We cannot construe the scheme of Pythagoras as go- 
ing farther than the formation of a private select order of brethren embracing 
his religious fancies, ethical in tone, and germs of scientific ideas, and mani- 
festing adhesion by those observances which Herodotus and Plato call the 
Pythagorean orgies and mode of life. And his private order became politi- 
cally powerful because he was skilful or fortunate enough to enlist a sufficient 
number of wealthy Crotoniates, possessing individual influence, which they 
strengthened immensely by thus regimenting themselves in intimate union. The 
Pythagorean orgies or religious ceremonies were not inconsistent with public 
activity, bodily as well as mental ; probably the rich men of the Order may 
have been rewarded even more actively by being fortified against the temp- 
tations of a life of indulgence. The character of the Order as it first stood, 
different from that to which it was afterwards reduced, was indeed religious 
and exclusive, but also active and domineering; not despising any of those 
bodily accomplishments which increased the efficiency of the Grecian citizen, 
and which so particularly harmonized with the pre-existing tendencies of 
Croton." Grote's History of Greece, Vol. 4th, p. 405. 

Ritter observes that " We must not believe that the mysteries of the Pythago- 
rean Order were of a simply political character; the most probable accounts 
warrant us in considering that its central point wa£ a mystic religious teach- 
ing." See Ibid., p. 406 ( Geschicht der Philosophie, B. IV., ch. i., Vol. I., pp. 
365-368) : compare Hoeck, Kreta, Vol. III., p. 223. 



352 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

We quote from Lempriere's Standard Classical Dictionary, p. 188, as fol- 
lows, to wit : " Damon, a Pythagorean philosopher, very intimate with Pyth- 
ias. When he had been condemned to death by Dionysius, he obtained" from 
the tyrant leave to go and settle his domestic affairs, on promise of returning 
at a stated time to the place of execution. Pythias pledged himself to under- 
go the punishment which was to be inflicted on Damon, should he not return 
in time, and he consequently delivered himself into the hands of the tyrant. 
Damon returned at the appointed moment, and Dionysius was so struck with 
the fidelity of those two friends, that he remitted the punishment, and en- 
treated them to permit him to share their friendship and enjoy their confi- 
dence.' , Val. Max., 4th, c. 7. See Ibid., p. 525. 

" Pythias, a Pythagorean philosopher, intimate with Damon." See Ibid., 
p. 469. " Phintias, called also Pithias, Pinthias, and Phytias, a man famous 
for his unparalleled friendship for Damon." Cic. de Off., 3 C. 10, Tusc. 5, 
c. 22, Diod. 6. 

The famous German poet Schiller, who lived and flourished a century ago, 
adopted and adhered to the same view. In one of his poems, translated by 
Sir Bulwer Lytton, he says that : 

" And Damon sought his friend : ' The King 
Ordains my life the cross upon 
Shall pay the deed I would have done, 
Yet grants three days' delay to me, 
My sister's marriage rites to see, 
If thou, my Pythias, will remain 
Hostage till I return again.' 

" One clasp of hands, and Pythias said 
No word, but to the Tyrant strode 
While Damon went upon his road. 
Ere the third sun in Heaven was red, 
The rite was o'er, the sister wed, 
And back, with anxious heart unquailing, 
He hastes to keep the pledge unfailing." 

Our views are in harmony with the account given by Valerius Maximus, 
with a shade of difference in the spelling of the name Pythias. He states 
that " Damon and Phintias, who were initiated into the secrets of Pythago- 
rean wisdom, were bound together in such a degree of genuine friendship 
that when Dionysius of Syracuse proposed to put one of them to death, and 
that he (Damon) might obtain time enough to visit his home and arrange his 
own business, the other (Phintias) did not hesitate to give himself as surety 
for his return to the tyrant. He was released from the peril of death, who 
but a moment before had his neck exposed to the sword, for this same thing 
he had exposed his own head, by the security of which he was permitted to 
live. Accordingly, everybody in general, and Dionysius in particular, 
awaited the outcome of the strange and rather doubtful experiment. By-and- 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 353 

by, the day fixed upon (for Damon's return) drew near, nor as that day came 
did any one even charge (speak ill of) the indiscreet sponsor of folly; but, 
on the contrary, it was published abroad that he had nothing to fear by fidel- 
ity to his friend" 

Cicero, the greatest of Roman orators, was born 107 B. c, and hence 
lived and flourished about three centuries after our prototypes. He gives the 
following testimony upon the issue now under discussion, that " Damon and 
Pythias, two of Pythagoras' followers, were so closely united to one another 
in their affections, that when Dionysius, the Sicilian tyrant, had appointed a 
time wherein one of them should die, and the party condemned had begged 
a few days' respite, wherein he might provide for his children and family, 
and recommend them to somebody who would take care of them after his 
death, the other delivered himself up in his stead, voluntarily to die in the 
room of his friend, if he did not accordingly make his appearance. The 
prisoner came back at the day appointed, in order to his execution; which 
the tyrant perceiving, was so greatly amazed at their extraordinary faithful- 
ness as to desire he might be admitted a third man in their friendship." 

John Banim, an eminent Irish novelist, who flourished at the beginning of 
the present century, was the author of the celebrated tragedy of " Damon 
and Pythias." In the plot of that wonderful tragedy, the writer discloses 
the same theory that was adopted by the learned founder of the Pythian Or- 
der in drafting its beautiful and impressive Ritualistic work. The Founder 
states that, " In my opinion, it is of very little importance, so far as it can 
possibly affect our Order. I wrote the original Ritual when but nineteen 
years of age, and based it upon the story so poetically rendered in the very 
beautiful tragedy of ' Damon and Pythias.' I did not at the time delve into 
recesses of Grecian history to ascertain the precise and exact facts, being 
well satisfied then, and now, that the gentleman who gave to the lyric world 
such a play had thoroughly exhausted, by careful researches, all the pages of 
ancient chronicles attainable before commencing his work. It would seem 
to me that the purposes of our Order could be better subserved if public ex- 
ponents would dwell more particularly upon the subject of owx principles and 
tenets, and not endeavor to create divisions of opinion on matters of as little 
importance in reality, as they are of doubt, in the minds of many who have 
made ancient history a life-long study." 

It is in the range of human endeavor, however, to settle this vexed ques- 
tion and vindicate the title of our noble Order. In addition to the evidence 
already adduced, it is conceded by the author of the drama of " Damon and 
Pythias," that it was thoroughly revised by Shields, the celebrated orator, 
and that he adhered to the original plot. John Banim says that " This trag- 
edy underwent a most considerable change in Mr. Shields' hands after hav- 
ing been originally written. That gentleman's alterations and arrangements 
generally pervaded it; some scenes are exclusively his, and the author owes 
it to his own feelings to add, that Mr. Shields' connection with the play was 
extremely generous." 

30* X 



354 THE KNIGHTS OF P YTH1A S 

Other dramas exist based on this historic incident. In one by Edwards, 
who wrote before the days of Shakspeare, Damon does not arrive, in the last 
scene, until a short minute after the appointed hour, but still in good time to 
save Pythias from the axe. It is sufficient to state that this has been the ac- 
cepted version of this drama, ever since it was first produced, on May 28, 
1 82 1, at the Covent Garden Theatre, and it seems to us to be rather late for 
this view to be easily overthrown. 



Presentation of a Handsome Jewel to Jno. Van 
Valkenburg, S. V. C, Providence, Rhode Island, 
Castle Hall, St. George Lodge, No. 14, K. of P., 
September 19, 1883. 

At a regular convocation, the following among other proceed- 
ings were had : 

The C. C. then called upon P. G. C. Whitman for some re- 
marks, who responded substantially as follows, to wit : 

As the S. V. C. has well said: " It is not to be supposed, as a matter of 
course, that because a man has held or holds an office, he is of necessity a 
fluent or eloquent speaker. It does not always, and perhaps as a rule, 
happen that the individual who has been elected to an office, particularly in 
an Order like ours, has been elected for his readiness or his elegance of 
speech." I need not say to you that I am rather painfully conscious that I 
am in my own person an exemplar of that fact ; and our distinguished guest 
has " infused balm into my soul," and saved me the mortification of making 
any apology. 

It was all the more kind of him because, after the very interesting and 
eloquent address we listened to from him, there is -in the mind and heart of 
each of us a feeling that the Order is to be congratulated in its selection for 
the high office which he now holds. We knew by report of his executive 
ability, and now we. have heard with our own ears and seen with our own 
eyes enough to satisfy us of the wisdom of the Supreme Lodge in electing 
him, and of his own peculiar fitness for the exalted station which he now oc- 
cupies and adorns. 

While we would not arrogate to ourselves to advise him in that whereof he 
has better and more extensive knowledge than ours, yet we cannot help feel- 
ing that with great opportunities come great responsibilities — that " to whom 
much is given, from him shall much be required !" I do not suppose we can, 
to any considerable degree, appreciate all the cares and all the careful, anx- 
ious thought and study that the position of the chief officers of the Supreme 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 355 

Lodge requires. Their views must be as broad as the Order is widely ex- 
tended, and they must see, with eyes of Faith, the Promised Land beyond, 
which the Knights of Pythias may hereafter enter into and occupy, if the Order 
is wisely governed and properly directed. Like the Romish Church, which 
lays its plans for centuries to come, our Supreme Lodge should, and, as we 
believe, will (under such an administration as the present), lay wise and far- 
reaching plans to secure a healthy and vigorous growth of the Order ; and, we 
doubt not, will bear in mind that natural law of healthy growth embodied in 
the old maxim, "Festina lente" — " make haste slowly." 

We are a small jurisdiction compared with others of our Order, and in the 
nature of things cannot expect to rival in numbers or wealth the other juris- 
dictions in these United States. Our influence in the counsels of the Supreme 
Lodge is therefore a matter of great importance to us. To make our influence 
felt there, we must take care to be good and true and loyal Knights at home 
— to see to it that our selection of members is such that the community in 
which we live approves of us ; and then to use great care in selecting those 
who are to represent us in the Supreme Lodge — choosing them not only for 
their Knightly qualities, but for their peculiar qualifications for the important 
duties that will devolve upon them. This matter is so important to us that 
we were especially pleased to hear what the Supreme Vice Chancellor has 
said about our Representatives. It sometimes happens that a man may be one 
thing at home and quite another when at a distance, and free from the re- 
straints of customary associations and influences. But our Representatives 
seem to be a "constant quantity;" ana they must be gratified, as we are 
pleased, to hear this testimonial to their conduct, labors, and influence 
abroad. 

You, sir, have come from your distant home in the great West to this capital 
city of our little State. We trust the visit may be a pleasant one to you. 
Probably you do not find things with us on as magnificent a scale as in your 
own part of the country. But one thing we believe you will find here, and 
that is, that the hearts of your Brother Knights of this jurisdiction are as warm 
and as large, though their ability may not be so great, as in your own or other 
jurisdictions. 

During these days spent in our city you have been making, as we hope, 
pleasant memories to carry with you. You have been greeted warmly and 
fraternally by many a one hitherto personally a stranger — you have heard 
many pleasant things in way of compliment and of welcome. We, of St. 
George's Lodge, wish to place another leaf in your book of recollections of 
this week. We know you have heard a great deal of talking these last few 
days, and we know that mere words are sometimes but a washed metal, which 
passes as a sort of conventional small currency in society. That 

Speech at best is silver, 
While silence it is gold," 



35 6 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

And so, to remind you by-and-by, when you are beyond reach of our 
voices, in your distant home, that on this day you did us the honor to visit 
St. George Lodge, No. 14, at Providence, the brethren of St. George desire 
you to accept this little golden jewel — in fashion the emblem of your high 
station — which I now send you by the Master- at- Arms. It is inscribed with 
your name and bears this date. If you experience in receiving it even a 
small part of the pleasure we feel in offering it, we shall be more than satis- 
fied. And we trust that for many days and years to come, amid the familiar 
scenes of your own immediate neighborhood, or elsewhere, it may once in a 
while speak to you in its silent language, assuring you of the confidence and 
fraternal regard of your Brother Knights of this jurisdiction, and be ever a 
pleasant reminder of our meeting here to-night. We add to it, and beg you 
to accept our earnest and heartfelt good wishes for your happiness and pros- 
perity. 

S. V. C. Van Valkenburg's Reply. 

Dear Brother Knights: 

No one can depict the peculiar feelings of a recipient of a magnificent 
gift — without a moment's warning vouchsafed to him by some one of the 
kind donors. 

I have been so liberally and generously treated since my feet first pressed 
the soil of New England, by the noble and chivalric Knights of the Atlantic 
coast, that my heart was already all aglow with gratitude and love, inspired 
by your numerous kindly offices. No true Pythian Knight can be insensible 
to such expressions of friendship and fraternal affection, and never, while 
life lasts, will I cease to cherish a fond recollection of the scenes and inci- 
dents of my sojourn in the land of Roger Williams. You have finally 
reached the climax of these courtesies by the presentation of this splendid 
jewel of solid gold, through your able and eloquent Representative, P. G. C. 
Whitman of the Grand Jurisdiction of Rhode Island — in "Thoughts that 
breathe and words that burn." 

The rhetoric, grace, and elocution of the chosen orator accord well with 
the brilliancy of the jewel. How true it is, that "A word fitly spoken is like 
apples of gold in pictures of silver." 

The words just spoken honor him who gave them utterance. 

Words are faint symbols with which to describe my utter surprise, and at 
the same time my sincere gratification at this new evidence of your love and 
confidence. It is more a compliment to the position I hold, than to the in- 
dividual, and strongly attests your deep and abiding faith in the principles 
of our great and rapidly growing Order. 

It is right and proper that the soil that was crimsoned with the blood of 
the fathers of the Republic, where were first planted the germs of political 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. ^S7 

and religious liberty, this new factor in the Republic of humanity should have 
such stalwart and enthusiastic adherents — and such able, faithful, and efficient 
representatives on the floor of the Supreme Lodge of the World. May we 
build up in ourselves, and so also in others, true nobility of character, being 
kind to the poor, gentle to the sick, merciful to the fallen, charitable to the 
rich, and thus help to dispel the clouds which conceal the dawn of humanity's 
ideal day. 

Let each one of us strive to illustrate in our daily lives, that 

"Amid all life's quests 
There seems but worthy one — to do men good." 

That golden day is yet in the distant future, though earnest hearts are pray- 
ing for it, and our great Pythian Fraternity, with myriads of co-workers, are 
toiling for it. Every true and earnest Knight that kneels at the altar, conse- 
crated to genuine friendship, hastens its dawning. 

When this festal day comes then will our children's children be no more. 
We stand now in the evening and see, at the close of our dark day, the sun 
go down with a red-hot glare, and promise, behind the last cloud, the still, 
serene Sabbath day of humanity; but our posterity have yet to travel through 
a night full of wind, and through a cloud full of poison, till at last, over a 
happier earth, an eternal morning wind, full of blossom-spirits, moving on 
before the sun, expelling all clouds, shall breathe on men without a sigh. 

" Happy eyes, that shall see this morning ! 
Happy hearts, that shall feel its rapture I 
The sight and rapture are not for us, 
We are born to the toil and struggle." 



ADDRESS BY HON. CHARLES COWLEY. 

The following is from the facile and able pen of the Hon. 
Chas. Cowley, P. G. C, of Lowell, Mass. Sir Knight Cowley 
is a gentleman of rare ability as an author, a lawyer of estab- 
lished reputation, and one of the most untiring workers in the 
Order. 
Brothers in Pythian Knighthood, Ladies and Gentlemen : 

It is expected that the speeches of this afternoon will be like the famous 
battles of Napoleon, which were characterized in the imperial bulletin as 
" short, sharp, and decisive. " 



35 8 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

I congratulate you cordially on the remarkable success of to-day's parade, 
which has far exceeded the most sanguine anticipations. In behalf of the Order 
in general, I return thanks to the committee of arrangements, and to the sev- 
eral sub-committees, whose thoughtful care and well-planned labors have 
contributed so much to this success. 

Hitherto, our ensign has been " a banner with a strange device " in Boston ; 
but such will never be the case again. The feeling uppermost in the minds 
of most of those who have reviewed our ranks to-day, has probably been 
that of pleasurable surprise ; and how could those who are strangers to our 
Order contemplate, without surprise, the spectacle which they have witnessed 
to-day ? — the spectacle of a large body of men in knightly array, in an age 
so distant from that of the worthy Greek whose name we bear, and in a re- 
gion so remote from that far-famed Sicilian city where Damon and Pythias 
gave to the world their immortal example of friendship? 

It was in the fourth century preceding the Christian era that they lived, 
and here are we in the nineteenth century following that era. Damon and 
Pythias passed their lives in the Greek city of Syracuse, in an island washed 
by the blue Mediterranean ; while our lives are cast three thousand miles 
west of those " Pillars of Hercules," which stood, in their geography, at the 
end of the world, and in a hemisphere whose shores were first kissed by 
Columbus eighteen centuries after Damon and Pythias had returned to the 
dust from which they came. 

But, perhaps, there are some here who are sceptical concerning this epi- 
sode in Syracusan history, who are Free Thinkers touching the Pythian 
legend. To all such I would say that the evidence which proves that Damon 
and Pythias lived in Syracuse, in the Greek colony of Sicily, in the reign of 
the elder Dionysius — which proves that they were both lovers and students 
of the philosophical system of Pythagoras, and members of the same Pytha- 
gorean society — which proves that one of them was unjustly condemned to 
death by Dionysius, and that, upon his being permitted to make a last visit to 
his family, the other pledged himself as a hostage for his return — which proves, 
finally, that this extraordinary confidence was not misplaced, that the con- 
demned one faithfully kept his word, and returned in time to undergo that 
extreme penalty, but that the tyrant's heart was touched by this sublime ex- 
ample of heroic loyalty between man and man, and that he revoked that 
cruel sentence, and sought to be admitted as a third partner in their friend- 
ship; — the evidence which proves all this, I say, is as clear, and as positive 
as the evidence that proves that Dionysius ever reigned in Syracuse at all. 
There is, therefore, no more doubt that one of these immortal friends became 
a hostage for the other than that Horace Greeley in our own times became a 
surety for Jefferson Davis. 

Our legend has the sanction of the great name of Cicero and Valerius 
Maximus, among the ancients, and of the learned George Grote among the 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-SOOtf. 359 

moderns. After naming Mr. Grote, I can cite no higher authority upon any 
question in the history of ancient Greece and her colonies. Mr. Grote was 
the most radical, the most sceptical, the most remorselessly iconoclastic of all 
writers of eminence on Greek history and literature ; yet his conclusion touch- 
ing the history of Damon and Pythias is in perfect accord with ours. 

A single word in behalf of Dionysius. In view of the increased attention 
which is now paid to the various forms of mental disease, I suggest that 
some of our alienists give the case of Dionysius a more thorough examina- 
tion than medical men have yet bestowed upon it. It will be found, I think, 
to be a clear case of melancholia, attended with fixed delusions, a case of 
the same class with that of the Roman Emperor Titus, the English King 
Henry II., the poet Cowper, and the lamented New York journalist whom I 
have already referred to. 

Many other potentates besides Dionysius have lived and reigned, and 
caused untold suffering, who, in the light of modern medical science, must 
be pronounced insane, and who as much deserved to be divested of their 
official functions as did George III., whose madness cost Great Britain thir- 
teen of her finest colonies. 

Happily for history, for poetry, and for humanity, the insanity of Dionysius 
of Syracuse furnished the occasion for an example of friendship, which, pass- 
ing triumphantly through the supreme ordeal, illustrated the godlike capa- 
bilities of our race. 

He who spake as never man spake has told us, " Greater love than this 
can no man have, than that a man lay down his life for his friend." Un- 
questionably the Saviour was familiar with the history of David and Jona- 
than — was he not equally familiar with that of Damon and Pythias ? 

The story of these devoted friends is one which the world will not will- 
ingly let die. It has been transmitted from sire to son by tradition ; it has 
been translated into many languages ; it has blossomed in many literatures ; 
it has been a fruitful text for the moralist ; it has furnished to the tragic muse 
the theme of a noble drama ; it has found expression in poetry ; it has illu- 
mined the historian's pictured page; and to-day, twenty-three centuries after 
the event which it commemorates, this legend, still green and undying, has 
been incorporated into the Ritual of an Order which already numbers one 
hundred and twenty-five thousand members. 

PYTHAGORAS. 

BY CHARLES COWLEY, LL.D., P. G. C. OF MASSACHUSETTS. 

Of the few facts which history has transmitted to us touching Damon and 
Pythias, there is none better attested than this— that they were earnest mem- 
bers of the Pythagorean Society, and devoted disciples of " the Samian 
Sage." While the life of this great philosopher has a general interest for 



360 



THE KNIGHTS OP SYTHIAS 



all intelligent men, it has a special and peculiar interest for the Knights of 
Pythias. 

Pythagoras was born nearly six hundred years before Christ, probably in the 
island of Samos, in the ^Egean Sea ; but both the time and the place of his 
birth are in dispute. About twenty-five years of his life were spent in Egypt, 
where he enjoyed the favor of the king, Amasis ; and having secured admis- 
sion to the sacred colleges of the priests, he became " learned in all the wis- 
dom of the Egyptians." According to Dean Stanley, he visited Mount Car- 
mel, and other places in Palestine. He also visited Chaldean Babylon and 
perhaps Phenicia. There is no evidence to warrant the belief that he ex- 
tended his travels to India, though there is a tradition to that effect. We 
find much better reason for believing, with Walter Savage Landor, that Py- 
thagoras visited Gaul. Upon his return to Greece, he acquired a great repu- 
tation for learning, and finally settled in Crotona, the capital of Italian Greece. 
There he founded the celebrated society which assumed his name. It was 
composed of three hundred young men, selected from the best families, and 
possessing the highest character. Bishop Thirlwall says : " It was at once a 
philosophical school, a religious brotherhood, and a political association ; and 
all these characters appear to have been inseparably united in the founder's 
mind." Pythagoras made discoveries and advances in various departments 
of knowledge, in music and medicine, in geometry and astronomy, as well 
as in philosophy. His theory of the solar system anticipated that of Coper- 
nicus by two thousand years. He thought that the earth is a sphere, and 
that, like other planets, it revolves about a central globe of fire. He imag- 
ined that the planets sweeping rapidly through the ether which fills all space, 
set that ether in vibrations, that united in a celestial melody, which he called 
"the music of the spheres." The harmonies of music held a high place in 
his system of philosophy. So also did the Symbolism of Numbers — geome- 
try being penetrated and informed with a body of thought, which found ex- 
pression in numbers, in a manner bearing some analogy to the Swedenbor- 
gian system of "Correspondences." But the most famous of the doctrines 
taught by Pythagoras was that of the transmigration of souls, which he 
doubtless learned in Egypt, whence the ancient Jews and the Persians also 
probably derived it. Coupled with this doctrine, if not identical with it, was 
that of the preexistence of souls, which has never been better expressed 
than by Wordsworth in his Ode on Immortality : 

" Our birth is but a sleep and a forgetting ; 
The soul that rises in us, our life's star, 
Hath had elsewhere its setting, 

And cometh from afar, 
Not in entire forgetfulness, 
i Nor yet in utter nakedness, 

But trailing clouds of glory do we come 
• From God, who is our home.*' ...^^v \ 



COMPLETE MANUAL AJvU TEXT-BOOK. 36 1 

'mis uoctnnc round acceptance in Justin Martyr, Origin, St. Augustine, and 
others of the Christian fathers, who held Pythagoras in the highest esteem. 
It was the opinion of Justin Martyr that every honest, well-disposed, moral man 
should be accounted a Christian, even though he had never heard of Christ. 
According to this definition, Pythagoras might be called a Christian, born 
before his time. But in the year 540, the Council of Constantinople con- 
demned the doctrine of the pre-existence of souls. It has, however, been 
revived in modern times by Hegel, Julius Muller, and the younger Fichte, 
in Germany, and by Dr. Edward Beecher and Bronson Alcott in the United 
States. With Alcott it is a matter of wonder that we can possibly "believe 
that our souls are no older than our bodies, and date our nativity from our 
family registers; as if time and space could chronicle the period of the im- 
mortal mind by its advent into the flesh, and decease out of it." 

The chief object of the Pythagorean mysteries was to inculcate the dogma 
of the immortality and the migration of the soul. Women were admitted to 
these mysteries, which created and cultivated a generous enthusiasm. " The 
ambition of Pythagoras was assuredly," as Bishop Thirlwall says, " truly lofty 
and noble ; he aimed at establishing a dominion which he believed to be 
that of wisdom and virtue, a national supremacy of mind enlightened by 
philosophy, and purified by religion, and characters fitted to maintain an 
ascendant over others by habits of self-command." Pythagoras lived to a 
great age, and, in spite of bitter enemies, he retained to the last all that 
should accompany old age — "honor, love, obedience, troops of friends." 
He died at Metapontum, in Lucania, where his tomb was shown in Cicero's 
time. The following lines, written of another by one who knew nothing 
of the elaborate and beautiful Pythagorean symbolism, might well have been 
addressed to Pythagoras : 

" O good grey head, which all men knew, 
Which stood four-square to all the winds that blew." 

The name of Pythagoras deserves to be held in everlasting remembrance. 
Certainly the Knights of Pythias cannot forget that it was by faithfully fol- 
lowing his great precept, "Love one another," which a Greater than Pyth- 
agoras afterwards repeated with a divine emphasis, that the two pattern 
friends were enabled to bequeath to the world their immortal example of 
friendship. 

The Grand Jurisdiction of Kentucky. 

THE Grand Lodge was instituted at Louisville, on the 17th 
of July, 1869, by Supreme Chancellor Read, of New Jersey, 
assisted by C. H. Edgecourt, of West Virginia, and Dr. H. 
C. Lloyd, D. S. C, of Kentucky. The first Grand Officers 
3* 



362 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

elected and installed were as follows, to wit : H. C. Lloyd, G. 
C. ; Wm. M. Nichols, V. G. P. ; H. T. Morton, G. V. C. ; A. 
Rummers, G. B. ; Wm. A. Borden, G. R. and C. S. ; A. A. 
Renttinger, G. G. ; C. R. Aulsbrooke, G. I. G. ; John T. Smith, 
G. O. G. 



The Grand Jurisdiction of Massachusetts. 

THE Grand Lodge was instituted September 17, 1869, at 
Boston, by Supreme Chancellor Read, of New Jersey, with 
Wilbur H. Myers, of Pennsylvania, S. V. P. ; Abraham G. 
Levy, of New York, P. G. C., as S. . V. C. ; Clarence M. Barton, 
of Washington, D. C, S. R. and C. S. ; Wm. A. Porter, of 
Pennsylvania, S. B. ; C. F. Abbott, of Maryland, S. G. The 
first board of Grand Officers installed was as follows, to wit : Wm. 
B. Haines, of Boston, G. C. ; Henry D. Miller, of Springfield, 
G V. C. ; Geo. W. W. Gray, of Springfield, G. V. P. ; A. S. 
Jenness, of Boston, G. R. and C. S. ; William Ritchie, of Spring- 
field, G. B. ; Jas. S. Farrington, of Charlestown, G. G. ; George 
Pollard, of Fall River, G. I. G. ; D. B. De Wolf, of Pittsfield, 
G. O. G. 



The Grand Jurisdiction of Nebraska. 

THE Grand Lodge of Nebraska was instituted at Omaha on 
the 13th of October, 1869, by Supreme Chancellor Read. 
Its first officers were as follows, to wit : George H. Crager, 
V. G. P. ; David Carter, of Omaha, G. C. ; John Q. Goss, of 
Bellevue, G. V. C. ; Thomas C. Brunner, of Omaha, G. B. ; E. E. 
French, of Omaha, G. R. and C. S.; William L. Wells, of Platts- 
mouth, G. G. ; John F. Kuhn, of Omaha, G. I. S. ; John Taylor, 
of Omaha, G. O. S. \ George H. Crager, David Carter, and John 
Q. Goss, Supreme Representatives. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 363 

The Grand Jurisdiction of Ohio. 

THROUGH the courtesy of the Grand Keeper of Records and 
Seal of this Grand Jurisdiction, we learn that the Grand 
Lodge of Ohio was instituted at Columbus, Ohio, by S. C. 
Read, on July 9, 1869. The following were the first officers, 
to wit : Henry Lindenberg, V. G. P. ; C. H. Russell, G. C. ; 
William B. Kennedy, G. V. C. ; Joseph Dowdall, G. R. and C. 
S. ; George B. Means, G. B. ; Charles H. Babcock, G. G. ; E. 
T. Haines, G. I. S. ; C. & Ridgway, G. O. S. 

The Grand Jurisdiction of West Virginia. 

THE Grand Lodge of this State was instituted at the Hall of 
Morgan Lodge, No. 4, Berkeley Springs, on the 5th of 
July, 1869, by Supreme Chancellor Read, assisted by 
Deputy Grand Chancellor Chas. H. Edgecourt, and P. C. Rev. 
Wra. Gerhart, of Washington Lodge. No. 1. The Grand Lodge 
officers for the first term were as follows, to wit : Wm. Gerhart, 
of Washington Lodge, No. 1, G. V. P. ; Chas. H. Edgecourt, 
of same Lodge, G. C. ; J. Hope Sutor, of Damon Lodge, No. 
5, V. G. C. ; J. Rufus Smith, of Morgan Lodge, No. 4, G. R. 
and C. S. ; John F. Smith, of Jefferson Lodge, No. 2, G. B. ; 
J. M. Miller, of Baltimore Lodge, No. 6, G. G. ; J. H. McAttee, 
of Lafayette Lodge, No. 3, G. I. S. ; Henry Willard, of Morgan 
Lodge, No. 4, G. O. S. 

The Grand Jurisdiction of Illinois. 

THIS Grand Lodge was instituted on February 4, 1870, at 
Chicago, by Supreme Chancellor Read. The first officers 
installed were as follows, to wit : John W. Kester, of No. 
4, V. G. P. ; Henry C. Berry, of No. 4, G. C. ; F. Buchman, 
of No. 2, G. V. C. ; A. C. Greenbaum, of No. 2, G. R. and 
C. S. ; W. H. Poyson, of No. 3, G. B. ; J. G. Sprague, of No. 
1, G. G. ; M. Moorman, of No. 7, G. I. S. ; W. H. Bennett, 
of No. 3, G. O. S. 



364 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

The Grand Jurisdiction of Minnesota. 

THE Order was introduced, in the spring of 1870, into the 
North Star State by Brother Knight Jacob H. Heisser, who 
had been initiated in Marion Lodge, No. 1, Indianapolis, 
Ind. Removing shortly afterwards to Minneapolis, Minn., he 
became acquainted with Knight David Royal, of Lafayette Lodge, 
Wilmington, Del., and Knight J. N. Nidwood, of Trenton, New 
Jersey. The combined efforts of these enthusiastic members 
soon procured the necessary applicants and paraphernalia req- 
uisite for the new organization. The Supreme Chancellor, 
Samuel Read, then travelling in the interest of the Order in Iowa, 
was called upon to institute Minneapolis, No. 1, at Minneapolis, 
the first Lodge in the State. The event came off on the evening 
of the nth of July, 1870. Brother Heisser was elected P. C, 
Brother Royal C. C, and H. A. Smith K. of R. and S. The Su- 
preme Chancellor appointed Brother Heisser Deputy Grand 
Chancellor of the State. 

On the 2 2d of November, 1871, in the city of Minneapolis, the 
Grand Lodge was organized by Samuel Read, S. C, and the 
following officers elected : 

Grand Venerable Patriarch — Dr. A. A. Ames. 

Grand Chancellor — R. B. Squires. 

Grand Recording and Corresponding Scribe — G. Plumley. 
' Grand Banker — J. H. Rippe. 

Grand Guide — D. S. Sayler. 

Grand Inner Steward — H. M. Martin. 

Grand Outer Steward — P. J. E. Clementson. 

Supreme Representatives— -John S. Walker and T. L. Curtis. 

The successive Grand Chancellors of the State have been : 
1871-72, Theodore Welsh, Minneapolis; 1873, E. W. Durant, 
Stillwater; 1874, B. G. Merry, Stillwater; 1875, B G - Merry, 
Stillwater; 1876, Dr. A. J. Stone, St. Paul. 

Grand Chancellor — Ozias Whitman, Red Wing. 

Grand Vice Chancellor — William P. Murray, St. Paul. 

Grand Prelate — F. S. McDonald, Minneapolis. 

Grand Keeper of Records and Seal — Ed. H. Stevens, Minne- 
apolis. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 36$ 

Grand Master of Exchequer — Ezra B. Ames, Minneapolis. 
Grand Master-at-Arms — J. K. Miller, Wadena. 
Grand Inner Guard— -H. C. Whitney, Fergus Falls. 
Grand Outer Guard — E. P. Thompson, Minneapolis. 
Grand Trustees — Charles Weber, St. Paul ; H. M. Martin, 
Minneapolis, and Henry H. Hopper, Minneapolis. 
Past Grand Chancellor — D. C. Dunham, Anoka. 
Supreme Representatives — Ozias Whitman, E. W. B. Harvey. 



The Grand Jurisdiction of New Hampshire. 

THE Grand Lodge was instituted at the city of Manchester, 
on the 20th of October, 1870. Past Supreme Chancellor 
Samuel Read and District Deputy Grand Chancellor O. W. 
Young, of Massachusetts, were present. The charter members 
were V. G. P. Moses A. Perkins ; G. C. Stillman S. Davis ; V. 
G. C. Joseph T. S. Libby; G. R. and C. S. Joseph L. Dow; 
G. B. Samuel F. Murray. Six Lodges were represented. G. G. 
Charles H. Nickey, G. I. S. Frank E. Hart, and G. O. S. John 
O. Davis completed the list of Grand Officers. The first regu- 
lar session of the Grand Lodge was held at Exeter, February 
9, 187 1, when 8 Lodges were represented. We glean the fol- 
lowing sentiments from the report of the Grand Chancellor to 
the Grand Lodge at its second annual session : 

Brethren : — I have endeavored to give you a report of my official acts, also 
a statement of the present condition of the Order in New Hampshire. When 
I assumed the duties and responsibilities of this office, the Grand Lodge had 
but the frame-work of an organization. Everything was to be put in work- 
ing order before labor in the broad field could be begun. The full equip- 
ment of the Grand Lodge was to be supplied, and this without funds or 
credit. Some of you know the difficulties to be overcome and the embar- 
rassments of my position. But only those who assumed the task can fully 
appreciate it. I have endeavored to lay the foundation deep, that we might 
safely build a solid superstructure. When I assumed the position of Grand 
Chancellor there were but 6 working Lodges, and some of them were weak. 
Now we have 13 Lodges, many of them strong in numbers, in financial stand- 
ing, and in intellectual ability. During the past year our membership has 

31* 



366 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

nearly doubled. We are no longer looked upon as a frail and fleeting body* 
for the tree seems to have sent its roots deep into the earth, giving life, 
strength, and beauty to the massive trunk which shoots forth its spreading 
branches, proffering shade and shelter to the weary traveller. We want the 
world to feel that our aims are noble, and worthy of the united support of all 
good men ; that we seek to bless mankind, soothe their sorrows, make bright 
desolate homes, watch by the bedside of the sick, educate the orphan, and do 
unto all as we would have them do to us. We seek to bind in bonds of unity 
and love all nations and kindreds of the earth, and teach and practise true 
friendship to all. Past Chancellors and Brothers, I thank you for the honor 
you have conferred upon me, by placing me in this position of trust and au- 
thority. You know it was unsolicited on my part, and this thought makes 
the recollection of the past pleasant. And now, in the words of another, " I 
bring back to you the gauntlet and truncheon of authority to its proper custo- 
dians," trusting you will find it neither broken nor tarnished, but bright and 
unsullied, to adorn him whom you shall this day elect as my successor. 

Respectfully submitted, 

S. S. Davis, Grand Chancellor. 
Pythian Hall, Concord, Feb. 8, 1872. 

The following extract, taken from the very able report of 
Hon. Frank E. Rollins, G. C. for 1876, will prove of general 
interest to the fraternity. This entire report is full of excellent 
doctrine and accurate historical statements, and clearly reveals 
to the reader the fact that the brother is an active, zealous, and 
intelligent Knight, and would be an ornament to any Grand 
Jurisdiction : 

Another year, with its silent changes and startling events, its gilded hopes 
and gloomy fears, its mercies and chastisements, expectations and disap- 
pointments for weal and for woe, has passed away, and we are once more 
permitted to meet in annual convention. It is the pleasure of the Supreme 
Ruler of the universe that we should again assemble, that we might extend 
to each other once more the warm hand of fellowship, and work together for 
the good of the Order in this our Grand Jurisdiction. After a year's separa- 
tion we are again united to meet in peace and harmony ; and while we re- 
view the labors of the past, and deliberate and consider for the future, let 
our acts be characterized by wisdom and prudence. 

It is well, my brothers, thus occasionally to withdraw from the busy cares 
of life, and divert the train of thought into more pleasurable channels. 
From these reunions we gather fresh strength with which to go forth to our 
knightly work of friendship, charity, and benevolence, our shields bright- 
ened, and our courage renewed and strengthened, 



COMPLETE MANUAL. AND TEXT-BOOK. 367 

During the past year death has entered our council and stricken from our 
roll of existence one worthy brother, Past Chancellor Oliver H. Copeland, 
of Pioneer Lodge, No. I. We miss him from our circle to-day. Called by 
a. summons which none can evade, he has gone to rest. 

" And while the widow's tears we dry, 

Or raise a brother from despair, 

Or hush the homeless orphan's cry, 

May love's expanding care 

Embrace humanity." 

I would here recommend that a committee be appointed at this session to 
draft a series of resolutions expressive of our feelings, and that a copy be 
forwarded to the family of our departed brother. 

It affords me great satisfaction to report to you the very prosperous condi- 
tion of the Order throughout our Grand Jurisdiction. There is not that epi- 
demic enthusiasm which characterized it in some of the earlier years of its 
existence, but its growth generally is natural and steady. The additions to 
our membership during the past year have not been very much in excess of 
the losses from all causes; but these losses, which have been principally from 
withdrawals and suspensions, are not to be regretted, for as a general thing 
they are only the drones, who have grown tired of our noble work and have 
been driven out, and our institution has been rendered more substantial by 
striking their names from the rolls. 

I should do injustice to the feelings of a grateful heart, should I close this 
leport without an expression of my warmest thanks for the uniform kindness 
and respect which I have received from every officer and member of this 
Grand Lodge, as well as from every brother Knight throughout the jurisdic- 
tion, with whom the duties of my office have brought me into communica- 
tion. I shall cherish the remembrance of your courtesy and friendship 
through life, and shall strive to cement the friendship which it has been my 
happiness to form with you by a firm adherence to the great principles of our 
Order and their knightly virtues. Four years ago, by your suffrages, I was 
elected to a subordinate office in this Grand body, and each year you have 
seen fit to advance me to positions of more responsibility, until I now retire 
from the highest office of this Grand Lodge. I have endeavored to discharge 
the duties of these offices to the best of my ability, hoping and trusting I 
have given»no offence to any one. I may have committed many errors; it is 
human to err, to forgive is divine. If such is the case, they have been errors 
of the head and not of the heart. And without any hesitation whatever, I 
am free to confess that my affection for the Order has been strengthened by a 
more thorough knowledge of its principles and a better appreciation of its 
spirit than I had heretofore attained. 

With earnest prayers for its prosperity, and the happiness here and here- 
after of all of its members, I commend you to the care of a loving Father. 



368 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

May we all meet in that Castle Hall above, where there is no more parting, but 
all is joy and peace. May God bless you, Brothers. 
Fraternally submitted, 

Frank E. Rollins, Grand Chancellor. 



The Grand Jurisdiction of Rhode Island. 

THE Order in this State owes its introduction to P. G. C. 
Daniel N. Paine, of Woonsocket, who, on his return from 
a journey to California, where he had been instructed in 
the mysteries of the three Ranks, took active steps for the or- 
ganization of a Lodge in Woonsocket, in which he was success- 
ful, Myrtle Lodge, No. 1, being instituted by Supreme Chan- 
cellor Samuel Read, on the evening of April 28, 1870. 

A Grand Lodge was instituted at Providence on the 17th day 
of February, 187 1, and of Pythian Period the 7th, by Supreme 
Chancellor Samuel Read and Grand Venerable Patriarch Wilbur 
H. Myers, the following named officers being elected and formally 
installed: 

Grand Venerable Patriarch — Lysander Flagg. 

Grand Chancellor — Clarence T. Gardner. 

Grand Vice Chancellor — John F. Driscoll. 

Grand Recording and Corresponding Scribe — N. R. Tilton. 

Grand Banker — Daniel N. Paine. 

Grand Guide — William F. Easton. 

Grand Inner Steward — C. T. Peterson. 

Grand Outer Steward — A. B. Gardiner. 



The Grand Jurisdiction of South Carolina. 

THE first Lodge of the Order in this State was organized at 
Charleston, in the year 1870, and was known as Palmetto 
Lodge, No. 1. From this time the Order began to in- 
crease, and on March 12, 1872, a Grand Lodge was instituted 
&t Charleston. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK, 369 



The Grand Jurisdiction of Georgia. 

THE Grand Lodge was instituted in Georgia on March 20, 
1 87 1, at Savannah, by Supreme Chancellor Read. The 
following named Knights composed the first board of 
Grand Lodge officers, to wit: W. H. Bourne, of No. 1, V. 
G. P. ; D. B. Woodruff, of No. 3, G. C. ; W. J. Goodrich, of 
No. 2, V. G. C. ; C. J. Stroberg, of No. 3, G. R. and C. S. ; 
W. C. Remshart, of No. 5 # G. B. ; Geo. C. Lewis, of No. 4, 
G. G. 1 W. V. Sarvis, No. 1, G. O. S. ; F. P. Brown, No. 6, 
G. I. S. 

The Grand Jurisdiction of Michigan. 

OLYMPIC Lodge, No. 1, Knights of Pythias, was instituted 
by P. G. C. Riley, of Chicago, 111., acting as D. S. C, with 
W. S. Wood as P. C, and Ben. Vonor as C. C, in the 
city of Detroit, on March 14, 1871. On the 19th of February, 
1873, Supreme Chancellor Berry, aided by P. G. C. John J. 
Healy and P. C. John H. Hanie, were summoned to institute 
the Grand Lodge of this State, at Detroit, with the following 
Grand Officers, to wit : 

Venerable Grand Patriarch — Alexander Gardner, Jr., No. 3. 

Grand Chancellor — Wm. J. Long, No. 2. 

Vice Grand Chancellor—}. J. Mulheron, No. 5. 

Grand R. and C. Scribe — Charles Bradley Benedict, No. 2. 

Grand Banker — E. J. Pierce, No. 4. 

Grand Guide — James Esdale, No. 1. 

Grand Inner Steward — George J. McCurley, No. 1. 

Grand Outer Steward — John M. Buzzo, No. 5. 

The Grand Jurisdiction of Missouri. 

THIS Grand Lodge was organized at Saint Louis, July 7, 
1 87 1, by Gen. Samuel Read, Supreme Chancellor of the 
World. The first Grand Lodge Officers were as follows, to 
wit: Dr. Geo. B. Birch, (V. P.) P. G, C., physician] W. H. Ji, 

Y 



370 THE KiVIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Russell, G. C, attorney-at-law ; Chas. D. Lucas, G. V. C, at- 
torney-at-law ; P. H. Bierman, (G. S.) G. K. of R. and S., in- 
surance agent; Thomas Phelan, (G. B.) G. M. of E., merchant; 
Chas. M. Kendall, (G. Guide) G. M. at A. ; Edward Nolan, (G. 1. 
Steward) G. I. G. ; Jacob Rawack, (G. O. Steward) G. O. G. 



Presentation of a Beautiful Jewel to Thos. R. Gel- 
wicks, G. K. of R. and S. of the Grand Jurisdic- 
tion of Missouri. 

At the session of the Grand Lodge of Missouri, in 1882, P. 
G. C. Wiley rose to a question of personal privilege, and pro- 
ceeded in a few well-chosen remarks to present G. K. of R. and 
S. Thos. R. Gelwicks with a solid gold emblematic badge, of 
beautiful design and rare workmanship, as a token of the love 
and esteem in which that Brother is held by the Order in gen- 
eral, and by the members of this Grand Lodge of Missouri in 
particular. The remarks of P. G. C. Wiley were highly eulo- 
gistic, and made a pleasant impression on the Representatives 
present. This movement was a complete surprise to the recip- 
ient of the elegant gift, who was visibly affected by the token 
of good-will on the part of the donors. 

He thanked the Knights for this expression of their approba- 
tion, and begged them to excuse him from making any further 
remarks at that time. Knight Gelwicks, or " Our Tom," as he 
is familiarly known and styled in Missouri, is recognized as one 
of the most earnest and faithful workers in that Grand Jurisdic- 
tion. He often neglects his private affairs, and travels long dis- 
tances to institute and set in motion Pythian Lodges. He is 
universally beloved by the Knights of the entire Jurisdiction, 
and has been repeatedly selected his own successor. It may 
truly be said of him that he is the " right man in the right 
place.' ' The obverse of the badge bears two crossed pens, the 
reverse, the legend, "Presented to Thomas R. Gelwicks, G. K. 
of R. and S., by the officers and members of the Grand Lodge 
K. of P. of Missouri, at Carthage, October 18, 1882. " 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT- BO OK. 37 1 



Presentation of an Elegant Gold Badge to Nath. W. 
Hunt, P. C. of Red Cross Lodge, No. 54, K. of P., 
of Saint Louis, Missouri. 

The engraving which is here given of this beautiful jewel is a 
correct picture of the badge presented by the Executive Com- 
mittee on Entertainment of the Supreme Lodge of the World 
at Saint Louis, in 1880, to that gallant Knight, Nath. W. Hunt. 
It is a fitting recognition of his great labors in soliciting funds 
and directing the monster representation at Pope's Theatre, and 
Trojan work upon various committees in connection with the 
reception and entertainment of the officers, members, and vis- 
itors to the Supreme Lodge at Saint Louis in 1880. 

The presentation was made through the Hon. Wm. H. Ru- 
dolph, P. G. C, the active and efficient chairman of the Exec- 
utive Committee. The Past Chancellor responded in eloquent 
and fitting terms. Few Knights have more efficiently combined 
valiant deeds and noble works than our Brother, in his long ser- 
vice in the Pythian cause. 

The obverse of this medal has the monogram " F. C. B., Su- 
preme Lodge, Saint Louis, i88o. M The reverse is inscribed, 
" Presented to Nath. W. Hunt, by the Executive Committee, 
August 24, 1880." 



The Grand Jurisdiction of Florida. 

THE statistics of the Order in the land of flowers are very 
meagre. There are two working Lodges in this State. 
There were two other Lodges instituted about the year 
1 87 1 — one at Jacksonville and the other at Tallahassee. The 
two working Lodges are Pensacola Lodge, No. 3, located at 
Pensacola, and Suwanee Lodge, No. 4, located at Cedar Keys. 
Suwanee Lodge was instituted October 24, 1883, and Pensa- 
cola Lodge, No. 3, was instituted November 14, 1881. There 



37 2 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

is an effort now being put forth to organize a Lodge at Tampa, 
and everything indicates that the effort will be crowned with 
success. The membership is small, but the Knights of Florida 
are earnestly striving to build up the Order. The membership 
of Pensacola Lodge, No. 3, is 30, and that of Suwanee Lodge, 
No. 4, is, at present writing, 25. There is now a well-directed 
effort to secure, the organization of a Grand Lodge, and this 
State may be represented at the session of the Supreme Lodge 
of the World at Toronto. There has not been a single death 
in the ranks of the Knights of this State since the Order was 
introduced into Florida. 



The Grand Jurisdiction of Wisconsin. 

THIS Grand Lodge was instituted on April 6, 1871, at 
Milwaukee, by Supreme Chancellor Read. The following 
list of officers was elected and installed for the first term, 
to wit: J. A. Henshall, V. G. P., of Oconomowoc ; H. L. 
Palmer, G. C., of Milwaukee; F. W. Cutter, G. V. C, of Mil- 
waukee; H. C. Runkel, G. G., of Milwaukee; C. H. Sweet- 
land, G. B., of Milwaukee; H. D. Greenman, G. I. S., of Mil- 
waukee ; Geo. Snyder, G. O. S., of Milwaukee; G. R. Milmine, 
G. R. and C. S., of Milwaukee. 



The Grand Jurisdiction of North Carolina. 

AGREEABLY to appointment, Supreme Chancellor Read, 
of New Jersey, assisted by P. C. Isaac Hutzler, of the 
Grand Lodge of Virginia, and D. G. C. Wm. A. Johnson, 
met the Past Chancellors of Stonewall Lodge, No. 1 ; Claren- 
don Lodge, No. 2; Centre Lodge, No. 3; Germania Lodge, No. 
4; and Cumberland Lodge, No. 5, at Pythian Hall, in the city 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 373 

of Wilmington, 'on the 21st of December, 1871, and instituted 
the Grand Lodge of North Carolina. The first Grand Officers 
elected ajid duly installed were as follows: Alex. T. Loudon, 
of No. 2, V. G. P. ; Wm. A. Jobson, of No. 1, G. C. ; Octa- 
vius H. Blocker, of No. 5, G. V. C. ' \ Wm. H. Gerken, of No. 
4, G. R. and C. S. ) Samuel Menell, of No. 3, G. B. ; Geo. A. 
A. Pappe, of No. 4, G. G. ; John H. Phillips, of No. 5, G. I. 
S. ; L. G. Stranglin, of No. 5, G. O. S. 

Hawaiian Islands. 

OAHU Lodge, No. 1, was instituted on August 29, 1871, 
by Geo. Howard, D. S. C. The charter members were 
Jno. A. Hassinger, Geo. Williams, Jno. Neill, Thomas 
Tannatt, Henry L. Sheldon, David Dayton, M. T. Donnell, 
Edwin Kistler, and John H. Black. The Lodge had a member- 
ship of 79 on December 31, 1883. There have been two blank 
applications issued for dispensations for Lodges, one for Hilo 
Hawaii and one for Wailuku Mai, and in due time the same will 
be forwarded to the Supreme Chancellor for his approval. 

The Grand Jurisdiction of Alabama. 

THE Grand Lodge was instituted at Montgomery, Alabama, 
in June, 1872. 

The Grand Jurisdiction of Kansas. 

THE Grand Lodge of Kansas was instituted on the 4th of 
September, 1872, in the city of Lawrence, by Past Su- 
preme Chancellor Berry. 
The following were the first Grand Lodge Officers elected and 
installed, to wit : J. C. Welch, No. 2, V. G. P. ; H. C. Caniff, 
No. 1, G. C. ; W. A. Offenbacher, No. 4, V. G. C. ; G. G. 
Lowe, No. 5, G. P. ; J. A. Bliss, No. 1, G. C; and R. S. ; M. 
C. Dunn, No. 2, G. G. ; W, C. Elder, No. 4, G. I, S.j J, 
Weiss, No. 1, G. 0. §. 
33 



374 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

The Grand Jurisdiction of Maine. 

THE Grand Jurisdiction of Maine was organized at Port- 
land, on the 9th of July, 1872, by Hon. S. S. Davis, S. V. 
C. ; F. A. Chase, G. K. of R. and S. of Massachusetts; 
and R. H, Ingersoll, D. S. C., of Biddeford, Maine. The first 
Grand Lodge officers who were elected and duly installed were 
as follows, to wit : E. H. Hanson, V. G. P., Portland ; R. H. 
Ingersoll, G. C., Biddeford; F. M. Laughton, G. V. C., Ban- 
gor; John Loring, G. K. of R. and S., Portland; N. R. Lon- 
jee, G. B., Lewiston ; G. D. Brown, G. G., Westbrook ; W. R. 
T. Bullock, G. I. G., Biddeford; J. F. Tarr, G. O. G., Bid- 
deford. 

The Grand Jurisdiction of Ontario. 

npHE Grand Lodge was instituted at Toronto, July 8, 1872, 
by Supreme Chancellor Read, assisted by Park McFarland, 
of Philadelphia, who was a P. C. The first Grand Lodge 

officers were as follows: Geo. W. Cooley, V. G. P.; W. C. 

Morrison, G. C. ; James B. How, G. V. C. ; John Way, G. M. 

of E. ; Jno. Richmond, G. R. and S. C. ; J. A. Robinson, G. 

M. at A. ; R. Mathews, G. I. G. ; T. J. Brown, G. O. G. ; 

Geo. W. Cooley, S. R. ; W. D. Kennedy, S. R. 

The Grand Jurisdiction of Tennessee. 

THE Grand Lodge of Knights of Pythias was instituted on 
April 2, 1872, by Supreme Chancellor Read, at Nashville. 
The officers for the first term were as follows, to wit : W. 
H. Moyston, V. G. P. ; Calvin McCorkle, G. C. ; T. S. Jukes, 
G. V. C. ; Chas. Hanback, G. R. and C. S. ; H. L. Claibourn, 
G. B. ; A. S. Mariner, G. G. ; T. O. Morris, G. I. S. ; Gervas 
Sieferle, G. O. S. ; W. Bryce Thompson, S. R. ; W. R. But- 
ler, S. R. 

Holston Lodge, No. 1, was the initial Lodge of the Grand 
Jurisdiction of Tennessee 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 375 

The Grand Jurisdiction of Nevada. 

THE Order of the Knights of Pythias was introduced into 
Nevada in March, 1873, D Y the formation of Nevada 
Lodge, No. 1, at Virginia City. On March 31, 1874, 
there were 6 Subordinate Ludges, a.id on that day the Grand 
Lodge was fanned. The Grand Lodge was instituted by C. H. 
Starkweather, D. S. C. The first officers of the Grand Lodge 
were as follows, to wit: E. L. Stern, P. G. C, of Mystic, No. 
3; S. H. Goddard, G. C., of Nevada, No. 1; Geo. Gilson, G. 
V. C., of Carson, No. 4; Chas. E. Laughton, G. K. of R. S., 
of Carson, No. 4; Geo. Tuffey, G. M. of E., of Damon, No. 
2, A. Livingston, G. M. at A., of Humboldt, No. 5; Caesar 
Corris, G. I. G. , of Nevada, No. 1 ; Lyman A. Frisbie, G. O. 
G. , of Carson, No. 4. 

Utah Territory. 

THE first Knights of Pythias Lodge (Myrtle, No. 1) was or- 
ganized in Salt Lake City, on November 15, 1873; Ogdon 
Lodge, No. 2, was instituted May 23, 1881; Rocky 
Mountain Lodge, No. 3, Sep. ember 22, 1S81; Park Lodge, 
No. 4, October 16, 1882; and Calanthe Lodge, No. 5, July 2, 
1883. 

The Grand Jurisdiction of Mississippi. 

THE Grand Lodge of Mississippi was instituted at Vicks- 
burg, July 23, 1874, by YVm. Bryce Thompson, D. S. C. 
The session was held in Odd Fellows' Hill, and continued 
for two days. The first Grand Lodge Officers who were elected 
and installed were as follows, to wit: Geo. St. C. Hussey, P. 
G. C. ; Wm. French, G. C. ; J. S. Cain, G. V. C. ; F. Parsons, 
G. P. ; M. C. Elliott, G. K. of R. and S. ; A. G. Strauss, G. 
M. of E. ; Geo. G. Manlove, G. M. at A. ; H. H. Cook, G. 
I. G. ; Chas. Roesch, G. O. G. ; J. B. Browne, S, R. ; Jno. S. 
Cain, S. R. 



37^ THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



The Grand Jurisdiction of Texas. 

THE Grand Lodge K. of P. in this State was organized first 
at Houston, on the 6th of April, 1874, by W. A. Shields, 
G. C. of Alabama, there being representatives from 8 Sub- 
ordinate Lodges present. The following named gentlemen 
were elected and installed first board of Grand Lodge Officers, 
to wit : A. Ewing, G. C; F. S. Burk, V. G. C; S. R. Wright, 
V. G. P.; A. S. Dwyer, G. R. and C. S.; J. M. Tryon, G. B.; 
C. B. Grey, G. G.; J. J. Barton, G. I. S.j Jno. Walker, G. O. 
S.; S. P. Wright and A. Ewing, S. R.'s. S. C. Henry Clay 
Berry, being ill at that time, commissioned W. A. Shields, who 
was then G. C. of Alabama, to institute the Lodge. 

The Grand Jurisdiction of Colorado. 

r r*HE Grand Lodge of Colorado was instituted May 2, 1876, 
by P. S. C. Davis. On said day the Pas>t Chancellors of 
the Lodges in Colorado and Wyoming Territories met in 
the city of Denver, for the purpose of instituting a Grand 
Lodge for the Jurisdictions of Colorada and Wyoming Terri- 
tories, P. S. C. Davis in the Chair. The Committee then re- 
ported the names of the following Grand Lodge Officers, to wit : 
Lyman W. Chase, P. G. C; W. S. Marshall, G. C; John 
Hallan, G. V. C. ; Louis Seyler, G. P. ; R. F. Dunton, G. K. 
of R. and S. ; J. F. Graham, G. M. of E. ; Chas. Whitcomb, 
G. M. at A.; Frank A. Pope, Supreme Representative for one 
year; Thos. M. Fisher, Supreme Representative for two years. 



Arizona Territory. 

THE first Lodge was organized in this Territory on the 5 th of 
April, 1877, and is known as Prescott Lodge, No. 1, K. of P., 
and located at Prescott. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 377 

The Grand Jurisdiction of Louisiana, 

PURSUANT to the call of the Supreme Chancellor of the 
World, delegates from all the Subordinate Lodges of the 
State of Louisiana assembled in the city of Monroe, May 
5, 1880, for the purpose of organizing a Grand Lodge in that 
State. 

Supreme Chancellor Woodruff called the meeting to order, 
and conferred the Grand Lodge Rank on all present. The first 
officers were then elected and duly installed, to wit: W. R. 
Wads worth, P. G. C, of Delta Lodge, No. 7, of Delta; Jno. 
J. Scott, G. C, of Calanthe Lodge, No. 10, of Shreveport; 
Francis Downey, G. V. C, of Orleans Lodge, No. 1, of New 
Orleans; David Lemley, G. P., of Royal Arch Lodge, No. 6, 
of New Orleans; Jno. G. Allen, G. M. of E., of Bossier "Lodge, 
No. 5, of Red Land; Herman Jacobs, G. K. of R. and S., of 
Samaritan Lodge, No. 9, of New Orleans; Jno. Bradfield, G. 
M. at A., of Delta Lodge, No. 7, of Delta; Horace Vallas, G. 
I. G., of Royal Arch Lodge, No. 6, of New Orleans; N. Kahn, 
G. O. G., of Ezelda Lodge, No. 11, of Milliken's Bend; S. R., 
Dr. J. C. Beard, of Orleans Lodge, No. 1, of New Orleans, for 
the term ending December 31, 1883; and Dr. A. R. Booth, of 
Calanthe Lodge, No. 10, of Shreveport, for term ending De- 
cember 31, 1881. 

The first annual session of the Grand Lodge was held in the 
city of New Orleans, May 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14, 1881; 
and the second annual session was held at Shreveport, in May, 
1882. The third annual convocation of the Grand Lodge of 
Louisiana was held in August, 1883, at Baton Rouge. This 
last session was of great interest, and the returns from the Sub- 
ordinate Lodges indicate a grand advancement during the past 
year. The following named Knights were elected for the en- 
suing term, to wit: G. C, Gen. Leon Jastremski, of Baton 
Rouge; G. V. C, Col. J. S. Lanier, of Clinton; G. P., Hon. 
R. E. Wyche, of Bellevue; G. M. of E , Hon. Wm. Gray nor, 
of New Orleans; G. K. of R. and S., Francis Downey, of New 
Orleans; G. M. at A., R. A. Stone, of Madison Parish; G. I. 
G., J. S. Summerlin, of Rayville; S. R., Col. Thos. O. Ber^ 
ton, of Minden, and Dr. A. R. Booth, of Shreveport, 
32* 



378 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

We take the following extract from the able and eloquent ad- 
dress of Grand Chancellor Leon Jastremski : 

My Brethren : 1 can find no words to express the gratitude I feel for 
this crowning evidence of confidence, which you, acting in your representa- 
tive capacity, have been prompted to repose in me. It is indeed a great 
honor to be invested with the supreme command of 2,500 worthy Knights of 
Pythias, of the Grand Jurisdiction of Louisiana, especially when that honor 
is conferred, as in this instance, upon one who cannot claim veteran services 
in the cause of Pythianism. I was elected Chancellor Commander of Capi- 
tal Lodge, No. 29, at its organization in 1882. I was last year sent as a 
member of the Grand Lodge in company with that chevalier sans puer et sans 
reproche, the lamented Andrew S. Herron, whose noble life and character 
can now serve as a shining example to all posterity. Then, by your gener- 
osity, I was elected to fill the Grand Vice Chancellor's station, to assist that 
gifted and zealous Pythian, Col. Thos. O. Benton, my distinguished prede- 
cessor, and upon whose sound advice I shall rely when surrounded by diffi- 
culties which my inexperience might prevent me from surmounting. 

The Knight of our day is seldom a scion of noble ancestry. He is the 
builder of his fortunes in the struggling world, where distinctions are won 
by commendable traits of character. The Knight of our day, unlike his 
compeer of old, who, with sturdy arm, dealt blows to his adversary, seeks it 
in diving deep into the confines of knowledge, that he may assist the inventive 
genius of the age in benefiting his fellow-men, by facilitating the labors of 
the husbandman, and by bringing into close relations, by means of the tire- 
less iron steed, the population of distant regions. The Knight of our day 
lends a helping hand to his suffering brother, shields the widow and orphan 
from want and distress. With all he is no less brave than the rude and un- 
tutored Knight of old. At his country's call he flies to meet his foe, but he 
does so no longer at the bid of a master. On his banner is emblazoned the 
declaration of his fatherland and country — Liberty, Equality, and Fra- 
ternity. 

Montana Territory. 

THE first Lodge, Knights of Pythias, in Montana Territory, 
was instituted at Butte City, in November, 1880, with 28 
charter members, by Fred. Miles, a member of Myrtle 
Lodge, No. 1, of Salt Lake City, Utah Territory. The Bame 
of this Lodge was and is Damon, 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. $79 



The Grand Jurisdiction of Oregon. 

r pHIS new Grand Lodge was instituted on November 8, 
1 88 1, at Portland, Oregon, by Ward S. Stevens, Deputy 
Supreme Chancellor for Oregon, under special commission 
from Supreme Chancellor Lindsey. We append a list of the 
first Grand Officers, to wit : C. B. Golden, P. G. C. ; D. E. 
Buchanan, G. C. ; John O. Bozorth, G. V. C. ; Rev, A. S. Nich- 
olson, G. P. ; Ward S. Stevens, G. K. of R. and S.; John 
Holmes, G. M. of E.; William Mays, G. M. at A. ; S. L. Baer, 
G. I. G. ; H. J. Clark and Ed. D. Curtis, S. R.'s. 

The Grand Jurisdiction of Arkansas. 

THE Grand Lodge of Arkansas was instituted on the 2 2d 
of June, 1882, by W. Bryce Thompson, S. P. The first 
Grand Lodge Officers were as follows, to wit: D. W. Pol- 
lock, P. G. C. 1 Thomas Essex, G. C. ; H. G. Allis, G. V. C. ; 
W. P. Fletcher, G. P. ; W. S. Jeter, G. M. of E. ; Jno. M. 
Taylor, G. K. of R. and S. ; A. Davis, G. M. at A. ; Chas. 
Matthew, G. I, G. ; and T. L. Montgomery, G. O. G. 

Washington Territory. 

THE Order was first introduced into this far north-western 
Territory through the efforts of the California brethren. 
Ivanhoe Lodge, No. 1, was instituted at Walla Walla, by 
Knight J. B. Lewis, who was specially deputized for that pur- 
pose, and was afterwards appointed D. S. C. for this Territory. 
This Lodge was instituted June 20, 1882, with 27 charter 
members. 



380 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



Manitoba; 



AS far as can be ascertained, the first members of the Order 
of Knights of Pythias who settled in the Province of Mani- 
toba were R. P. Dinsmore, P. G. C, of Minerva Lodge, 
Orillia, Ontario, J. W. Johnson, of the same Lodge, N. S. Shaw, 
P. C. of Crusader Lodge, Port Arthur, and F. La Belle, of 
Gauntlet Lodge, of Chicago, 111. These Knights had been 
residents of Winnipeg City for the past" eight or ten years, but 
it was not until October, 1882, that any active measures were 
taken towards forming a Lodge. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



JUSTUS H. RATHBONE. 

Past Supreme Chancellor and Founder of the Order of Knights 
of Pythias. 

IN the history of the der of K. of P. the town of Deerfield, 
in Oneida county, N. Y., will be noted as a spot of great 
interest, for there, on the 29th of October, 1839, the founder 
of the Order first opened his eyes upon the world, to the allevia- 
tion of whose sorrows he was destined to contribute so large a 
share. His father, Justus Hull Rathbone, Esq., was a prominent 
lawyer in the city of Utica, and his mother, Sarah Elizabeth 
Dwight, who died March 20, 1852, was a lineal descendant 
of Jonathan Edwards, and a member of the famous Dwight 
family of New England. 

The name first given to him was Henry Edwin Dwight, but 
in 1849, by striking out Edwin Dwight, and prefixing the 
father's name, Justus, he received his present name, Justus 
Henry Rathbone, a name which, to those who have the pleasure 
of knowing him, is synonymous with everything that is true and 
devoted in human nature. 

Arriving at the proper age, the subject of our sketch passed 
through the courses of instruction of Mount Vernon Boarding 
School, Courtland Academy, Carlisle Seminary, and Madison 
University, prominent institutions of learning in his native 
State. Then the East growing too narrow for his expanding, 
restless mind, he went, in 1857, to Lake Superior, where he was 
engaged in teaching school at Eagle Harbor, Eagle River, the 
North-west and Central Mines, and also for an assistant clerk of 
the latter mining company. 

At the breaking out of the war, he with others formed a com- 

381 



382 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

pany of volunteers to join the then forming First Michigan 
Regiment. On account of some informality, however, the com- 
pany was not accepted by the governor, but its members subse- 
quently enlisted in other portions of the State. 

While in charge of the Eagle Harbor school, he became so 
impressed with the story of Damon and Pythias, and the noble 
self-sacrifice of Pythias, that he determined to do all in his 
power to induce men to follow an example so pure, generous, and 
true. The result of his study of the character was the ritual of 
the Order of the K. of P. — a ritual which has so taken hold of 
the hearts of men that, to-day, the growth of the Order is with- 
out parallel in the history of secret organizations. 

The death of his father, May, 1861, caused him to leave the 
Lake Superior country, and while on a visit to his only sister, 
Mrs. J. O. Pease, of Germantown, Pa., he received the offer 
and accepted the position of chief clerk of the U. S. hospital 
at that place. That position he filled until he entered the army, 
and was ordered to Washington, D. C, for duty in the Medical 
Department in 1863, where he remained until 1865, when he 
accepted a civil clerkship in the office of the Commissary- 
General of Subsistence. In 1866. he resigned this position, 
however, accepting a clerkship in the Second Auditors office, 
Treasury Department, and in 1869 he resigned this also, and 
went to Boston to fill a position in Stetson's publishing house. 
There he remained until the Independent News Company of 
New York city was purchased by Mr. Stetson, when he was sent to 
that city as treasurer of the company and was subsequently made 
its superintendent, filling the position until the company closed 
business. Soon thereafter he returned to Washington, and 
entered the War Department as clerk, where he now is in the 
Adjutant-General's office. 

Mr. Rathbone married, August n, 1862, Miss Emma Louise 
Sanger, of Utica, N. Y. ; her father, Gerry Sanger, Esq., being 
an old resident of that place. Five children, three of whom, 
two boys and a girl, sank into an early grave, blessed their 
union : the two remaining ones are lovely girls of thirteen and 
sixteen years respectively. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 383 

Mr. Rathbone is five feet ten and a half inches in height, 
weighs 220 pounds, has dark-brown hair and blue eyes. Pos- 
sessing fine natural abilities, joined to a thorough education, he 
is eminently valuable in any clerical position he may assume, 
being, aside from all else, a rapid as well as excellent penman. 

Besides the Ritual of the K. of P., he has written the Ritual 
of the S. P. K., the Monks of Arcadia, the Mystic Order of 
Seven, and the musical burlesque of " Pocahontas in Black," in 
the title role of which latter he has appeared on several occasions 
at amateur entertainments, and gained unbounded applause. 
Besides his literary talent, Mr. Rathbone possesses a genius for 
music — composition as well as execution. He plays several in- 
struments remarkably well, has composed some very meritorious 
pieces, and is, in rendition of ballads especially, one of the best 
and most admired singers ; his voice, although of tenor quality, 
being of such compass as to allow him to take any part whatever 
successfully. 

Being naturally unsuspicious and possessed of warm, strong 
feelings, Mr. Rathbone was peculiarly liable to receive the hard 
blows an unsparing world deals to its unarmed citizens, and has 
consequently suffered intensely through ingratitude and deception 
during his checkered career. Still, his firm faith in the innate 
worth of mankind, and the final triumph of truth, has kept his 
heart warm and true, and his disposition unsoured ; and there is 
no man living to-day who is a more sincere, devoted friend, a 
more unselfish, self-sacrificing champion of the betrayed and 
maligned, or a more perfect embodiment of the noble principles 
of the Order he called into life, than Justus H. Rathbone, at 
present a member of Sicilian Lodge, No. 97, K. of P., Bowie, 
Maryland. 

District of Columbia,) 

' ' wit : 



;}*" 



Washington County 

The undersigned, who were present at the first reading of the 1st, 2d, and 
3d Degrees of the Order of Knights of Pythias, which took place in the house 
No. 369, F Street, near the corner of 9th Street, in the City of Washington, 
D. C, on Monday evening, the 15th of February, 1864, do make this their 
voluntary statement, to wit : That Justus Henry Rathbone, of the city of 



384 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Washington and District of Columbia, is the sole and only originator and 
founder of the Order of Knights of Pythias, and that the work was complete 
when read to us as above ; that at the committee meetings, of which we were 
members, nothing was done except to re-read the work as originally prepared by 
said J. H. Rathbone, and endorse it, no change was made. Mr. Joel R. Wood- 
ruff suggested an addition to the Third, or Knight Degree, which was accepted ; 
said addition being now in use in another Order. The impression which 
prevails that Joseph T. K. Plant is the founder, or assistant founder, of the 
Order, is false in every particular. The only connection he had therewith 
was voluntarily offering the use of his parlor for the committee to hold their 
meetings therein. We further certify that the Ritual was prepared co??iplete 
before J. T. K. Plant or Joel R. Woodruff had any connection with the 
Order, or were even spoken to in reference to joining Washington Lodge, 
No. 1, K. of P. [Signed,] D. L. Burnett. 

[Signed,] W. H. Burnett. 

[Signed,] E. S. Kimball, M.D. 

[Signed,] Robt. A. Champion. 

Sworn to and subscribed before me this 6th day of March, A. D. 1869. 

[Signed,] T. Drury, J. P. 

CLERK'S CERTIFICATE. 

District of Columbia, to wit: 

I, R. J. Meigs, Clerk of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, 
hereby certify that Terence Drury, whose genuine signature is subscribed to 
the foregoing certificate of oath, was at the time of signing and attesting the 
same, a Justice of the Peace for said District, duly commissioned and 
qualified, authorized to take acknowledgments, and to administer oaths ; and 
that his attestation thereto is according to law. 

Witness my hand and the seal of said Court, this 6th day of March, 1869. 

[5 ct. Rev. Stamp.] (seal) [Signed,] R. J. Meigs, Clerk. 

He is also, by resolution of the Supreme Lodge of the World 
(session 1877), Supreme Lecturer, and has, during the past five 
years, visited several of the Grand Jurisdictions in the latter 
capacity, in response to invitations received to hear his grand 
lectures entitled "True Pythianism," and "The Mission of our 
Order." 

These lectures are elegant in diction, sublime in sentiment, 
beautiful in rhetoric, and in every respect worthy of their 
eminent and distinguished author. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 38$ 

WM. HENRY BURNETT, 
One of the Original Four Members, 

^PHE son of a well-known and influential Baptist clergyman, 
was born in Adams county, Ohio, October 10, 1840. About 
the year 1842 the family removed to Mount Pleasant, Henry 
county, Iowa, and there, at the High-School of Prof. S. L. Howe, 
the subject of our sketch received an excellent education, having 
completed which, he engaged in clerical labor until he, in 1863, 
came to Washington, D. C. In 1864 he received an appoint- 
ment as clerk in the War Department under Secretary Stanton ; 
and from that time he has remained in the employment of the 
government, occupying at present a position of importance and 
trust in the Quartermaster-General's office. In person Mr. Bur- 
nett is rather below the medium height, though firmly and com- 
pactly built ; his face, a pleasing oval, is framed by dark hair, 
and lighted up with a pair of fine dark eyes, which make his 
singing, gifted as he is with one of the sweetest tenor voices in 
Washington, the more effective. Reserved in his demeanor to- 
wards strangers and casual acquaintances, he is among his asso- 
ciates noted not only for his cheerful, pleasant ways, but also for 
his sterling qualities and devotion to his friends. Although the 
petted and admired tenor of choirs and concerts, he has, so far, 
escaped Hymen's yoke, and seems to prefer the badge of Pythias 
to that of Cupid. 



DAVID L. BURNETT, 

One of the Original Four Members, 

WAS born in Adams county, Ohio, January 4, 1837. Like 
his brother, Wm. H. Burnett, he went, in the year 1842, 
with his parents to Mount Pleasant, Iowa, and there, at 
the High-School of Prof. S. L. Howe, received an excellent 
education. In January, 1863, he came to Washington, D. C, 
and received an appointment as clerk in the War Department 
(Paymaster-General's office). In June, 1868, he was transferred 
33 Z 



386 THE KNTGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

to the Treasury, being assigned to the office of the Auditor of 
the Treasury for the Post-Office Department, and in that position 
he has remained, being so trusted and valued a clerk that he was 
one of the few selected to go to Europe in connection with the 
syndicate. In person Mr. D. L. Burnett is of medium height, 
and rather slight built ; has a florid complexion, and very pre- 
possessing exterior generally. His disposition is genial, and his 
manners of that affable kind which impress associates with the 
sense of thorough friendliness. He also possesses a fine tenor 
voice, and is sought after in society; but, unlike his brother, 
he married early, and rejoices in the possession of a lovely 
daughter. 



ROBERT ALLEN CHAMPION, 
One of the Original Four Members, 

THE second member of the Order of Knights of Pythias, 
was born in New York city, November 10, 1843. He 
received an academic education, and in early life entered 
the employ of A. T. Stewart, the celebrated dry-goods merchant 
of that city, where he remained until the war broke out. He 
then enlisted and was ordered directly to the front ; but his 
naturally frail physique was not equal to the hardships of a 
soldier's life, and in 1862 he was sent for treatment to a Phil- 
adelphia hospital. The disease contracted in the line of duty 
had become chronic, however, and incapacitated him for service 
in the field.; he was, therefore, transferred, as a convalescent, to 
the U. S. Hospital at Germantown, Pa., of which institution he 
was soon after made chief steward. In 1863 he was ordered for 
duty to the Surgeon-General's office at Washington, D. C., and 
at the expiration of his term of enlistment, still suffering from the 
effects of his malady, he received an appointment as clerk in the 
Second Auditor's office, U. S. Treasury, which position he occu- 
pied until he died. His disease causing him continued suffering, it 
was thought that a complete change of air might possibly benefit 
him, and in the latter part of August, 1873, he sailed for Europe. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 387 

The hopes entertained for his recovery were futile, however, for 
on September 25, 1873, soon a ^ ter ms ari "ival at Edinburgh, Scot- 
land, he died. His remains were duly honored by his Masonic 
brethren of that city, and were by them forwarded to Washing- 
ton, where, November 23, 1873, n ^ s funeral, one of the most 
imposing and largely attended Masonic interments ever known, 
took place. These outlines of his life would not be complete, 
though, without a description of the moral part of Robert A. 
Champion ; and here, indeed, words fail to do him justice, for 
never was purer, truer, nobler soul encased in mortal flesh than 
was the case in his frail, suffering body. High-souled, generous, 
conscientious to the highest degree, his name was synonymous 
with everything pure and good, and high principle was the 
guiding star of his life. Of him can be truly said, " None knew 
him but to love him," for none knew him to swerve one iota 
from the line of rectitude and duty, and truth, justice, and hu- 
manity had in him a never failing, devoted follower. 



EDWARD S. KIMBALL, M. D., 

One of the Original Four Members. 

EDWARD SULLIVAN KIMBALL was born in Trenton, N. 
J., February 21, 1844; received his education in the State 
of Maine, from whence he came to the city of Washington, 
September 5, 1863. Soon after his arrival at Washington, he 
received an appointment as hospital steward in the regular 
army, and was detailed for duty in the office of the Surgeon- 
General, where he remained until he was offered a clerical posi- 
tion of much responsibility in the Secretary's office of the 
Treasury Department, which he has held ever since. Mr. Kim- 
ball commenced the study of medicine in the fall of 1864, and 
received his degree of M. D. from Georgetown (D. C.) College, 
in the spring of 1866. He is considered one of the bright lights 
in the medical firmament of Washington, and is the youngest 
practitioner of the homoeopathic school of medicine in the city. 



388 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Dr. Kimball is an accomplished musician, and as an organist 
ranks among the best. His services as conductor of musical or- 
ganizations are in constant demand, but, owing to his many other 
duties, he seldom appears in public. The " Madrigal Society" 
of Washington, composed of some of the best vocal talent in the 
city, owes its inception to him, and its success is in a great 
measure ascribable to his indefatigable exertions, indomitable 
energy, and superior ability. 

To paint a pen portrait of Dr. Kimball's character is not a 
difficult task. Generous-hearted and sincere, his good right 
hand is ever ready to aid a friend ; he never speaks ill of his 
fellow-man, or gives countenance to evil report, but on every 
occasion stands ready and willing to become the champion and 
defender of the oppressed. Many, very many of his brethren 
owe lasting debts of gratitude to him for repeated acts of disin- 
terested kindness and unselfish efforts in their behalf. If ever 
a human being clearly and thoroughly understood the full intent 
and meaning of the word friendship, and was ever ready to prac- 
tically exemplify its signification, it is the subject of our sketch. 
With him friendship is something more than a mere name. 

Dr. Kimball is married and the father of two lovely children. - 



HON. S. S. DAVIS, 
Past Supreme Chancellor. 

THE former executive head of our Order was born on the 
14th day of October, 1826, at Dunstable, Massachusetts. 
He remained at home with his parents on a farm until he 
was seventeen years old. 

In 1844 his father died, leaving a large family, and the subject 
hereof being the oldest but one, left home and went to Nashua, 
N. H., and has continued to reside there ever since. He has a 
thorough academic education, and was fitted for the mercantile 
business in a commercial college in Boston, Mass. A part of his 
early life was spent in teaching in the city of Nashua ; afterwards 







<vfe&%aet. </ fCb*^, 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 389 

learning a trade, when he entered the counting-room of his em- 
ployer as bookkeeper, where two hundred men were employed. 
After serving in that capacity for seven years, failing health ad- 
monished him that a change of business was necessary, requiring 
less confinement. 

He was elected superintendent of a heavy manufacturing cor- 
poration, and served for several years in that position. Upon 
resigning the last-named place, he was employed as bookkeeper 
for a corporation in Boston, Mass., but still kept his residence at 
Nashua. During the time he was thus employed, he travelled 
extensively in the Middle, Western, and Southern States, adjust- 
ing the accounts of the corporation. 

In 1858 he returned to Nashua and engaged in manufacturing 
until the commencement of the rebellion, when he entered the 
naval service as paymaster, and remained therein until December 
12, 1865, when, upon a satisfactory settlement of his accounts 
with the Government, he applied for and received an honor- 
able discharge. In 1866 Supreme Chancellor Davis travelled 
extensively over the country for another firm, and in 1867 pur- 
chased a manufacturing business, which he is still engaged in. 

His life has been an unusually active one, and his great influ- 
ence has always been on the side of truth, justice, and humanity. 
His worth and talents have been recognized by his compeers in 
calling him to fill responsible positions in the city government, 
and his appointment by the Governor of New Hampshire as one 
of his staff, with the rank of colonel. For over twenty years 
he has been connected with the Masonic fraternity. 

In 1848 he was initiated into Granite Lodge, No. 1, I. O. 
O. F., and soon became identified with all its interests,' being 
elected three times their presiding officer, and entering the Grand 
Lodge of New Hampshire in 1853, was elected Grand Master in 
1857. His promotion was rapid in that Order, as the same year 
he was elected a Grand Representative from the Grand Encamp- 
ment of New Hampshire to the Grand Lodge of the United 
States. He has indelibly impressed his genius and learning on 
the legislation of these Grand bodies, having drafted the present 
constitutions of the Gra:.d and Subordinate Lodges and Grand 
33* 



3QO THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

and Subordinate Encampments of his State. Our brother was 
elected a Representative by the Grand Lodge of New Hampshire 
in 1867 to the Grand Lodge of the United States, making in all 
four years, service as Grand Representative. 

He was made a Knight in June, 1870, and was present at the 
organization of the Grand Lodge Knights of Pythias of New 
Hampshire, on the 20th day of October of the same year. He 
was elected the first Grand Chancellor of that Grand Jurisdic- 
tion, serving until the first annual session in February, 1871, 
when he was re-elected, and served another full year. At the 
close of his official term, the Grand Lodge was entirely free from 
debt, with an ample supply of everything necessary in the pros- 
ecution of its business, and the number of Subordinate Lodges 
was doubled. 

- He took his seat as a Representative in the Supreme Lodge 
of the World at its third annual session at Philadelphia, on the 
1 8th day of April, 1871, and has been present at every session 
of that honorable body since. 

In 1872, the subject of this sketch was elected Supreme Vice 
Chancellor, serving two years, and at the sixth annual session, 
held at Pittsburg, in 1874, was elected and duly installed Su- 
preme Chancellor. The two years' service as Supreme Chancel- 
lor was a fearful struggle with debt, loss of confidence in the 
Supreme Lodge and its officers by the members generally, and 
dissensions everywhere, menaced the very existence of the Order. 
Our chief magistrate stood firm amidst these terrible ordeals, and 
to-day the Supreme Lodge is free from all pecuniary embarrass- 
ments, confidence is fully restored, and the future is spanned by 
the rainbow of hope. 

During his official term he devoted almost his entire time to 
the upbuilding of our illustrious Order, having visited twenty- 
seven Grand Jurisdictions. As an evidence of the confidence 
and trust reposed in him by the representative men of the Order, 
he was re-elected Supreme. Chancellor at the eighth annual session 
of the Supreme Lodge of the World, held at Independence 
Hall, in Philadelphia, in August, 1876. By his unswerving 
fidelity to the great principles that underlie the Pythian temple, 




Q 



fflJ-^aJc^r^M 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 39I 

his unwearied vigilance and untiring industry, he has. brought 
order out of chaos, and earned the lasting gratitude of true 
Knights of every nation, age, and clime. In his daily inter- 
course with men he illustrates and exemplifies the beautiful and 
impressive lessons of the Ritual — measuring men not by their 
wealth, but by their moral worth. From the high behests of 
duty and conscience he has shown no variableness or shadow of 

turning. 

u Rugged strength and radiant beauty — 
These were one in nature's plan; 
Humble toil and heavenward duty — 
These will form the perfect man." 

His life is characterized by temperance, simplicity, and earnest 
devotion to duty. 

" His life was gentle; and the elements 
So mixed in him, that nature might stand up 
And say to all the world, — This is a man ! " 



DAVID BENJAMIN WOODRUFF, 
Past Supreme Chancellor. 

DAVID BENJAMIN WOODRUFF, the Past Supreme Chan- 
cellor, was born on the 23d day of April, 1829, at Orange, 
New Haven county, Connecticut. His early life was 
spent amid the quiet of a New England farmers home, where 
David worked upon the farm during the summer months, and 
attended the village school in winter, receiving only a common- 
school education. Losing his father at an early age, he was left 
with but one natural protector, upon whom devolved the care of 
rearing and educating a large family, and David was placed with 
a neighboring farmer, through whose kindness he enjoyed a good 
home, continuing his winter studies, and being enabled to take 
two terms in an Eastern academy. 

At the age of sixteen he was entered as an apprentice with a 
carpenter and builder in the city of New Haven, Ct. Prior to 



39 2 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

this date his opportunities to learn or know much of the world 
had been very limited, but his keen observation soon pointed 
him to the world as a " stage/ ' and the men and women upon it 
the " players," and under this conviction he determined to fit 
himself for any cast in the play that might be assigned him. 
He connected himself at once with a night-school, where all the 
English branches were taught, and had the benefit of the library 
of a mechanical Lyceum Association, which he laid under heavy 
contribution, and all the hours spared from plodding labor were 
spent in study, and it was during his apprenticeship that a char- 
acter was formed that stamps him as a self-made man. 

In the fall of 1849 ne purchased from his employer the unex- 
pired term of his apprenticeship, and embarked for California, but 
returned in 185 1, making the tour of the South American States. 

In 1854 he moved to Georgia, and commenced a successful 
business as a contractor and builder, erecting a large planing- 
mill and manufactory, for the purpose of facilitating his business. 
Upon the breaking out of the late war between the States, Mr. 
Woodruff at once took sides with his adopted State, and entered 
the service in April, 1861, and was ordered to Virginia, which 
soon became the great theatre of hostilities. At the close of 
the war he was financially ruined, but again took to his trade 
and contracting, but soon abandoned it, however, for the practice 
of architecture, which profession he has since followed. 

For many years he has been associated with Odd-Fellowship, 
and from the time of his initiation into the Order to the present 
he has been a faithful worker, and with untiring zeal has endeav- 
ored to practise and co-operate with every member of the Order, 
in illustrating the genius of Odd-Fellowship, and extending its 
domain. 

In April, 1870, he was initiated into the Order Knights of 
Pythias, as a charter member of " Central City " Lodge, No. 3, 
at Macon, Ga., and was elected its first C. C, 

Sept. 1, 1870, he was commissioned by Supreme Chancellor 
Samuel Read as Deputy Grand Chancellor for the States of 
Georgia and Florida, and his official report will be found on 
page 326 of the Supreme Lodge Journal. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT- BOOK. 393 

At the organization of the Grand Lodge of Georgia, the fol- 
lowing March, 1871, he was chosen as Grand Chancellor, to pre- 
side over its destinies, and elected Representative to the Supreme 
Lodge, where he appeared at the session of that body in April 
of the same year. He was appointed by the Supreme Chancellor 
one of the committee to whom the annual reports of the S. C. 
and S. R. and C. S. were referred for subdivision and distribution 
to appropriate committees, also chairman of the special committee 
of seven on the subject of conclaves, and the troubles growing 
out of it in the jurisdiction of Maryland and elsewhere.. 

At the fourth annual session of that body, held in Baltimore, 
1872, he was again returned by his State as Representative for 
two years, and received a very flattering vote in the election for 
Supreme Banker, and was appointed chairman of the committee 
of "Finance and Mileage" for 1873 by Sup. Chan. Berry, and 
re-appointed for 1874 by the same officer. At the election of 
officers of the Supreme Lodge in sixth annual session, he was 
elected Supreme Vice Chancellor, and re-elected' at the eighth 
annual session, in which position he is held in high esteem by 
his many friends, and his hearty co-operation with Supreme 
Chancellor Davis, in his field of labor, has been gratefully ac- 
knowledged by that officer. 

In his own Jurisdiction he was twice re-elected Grand Chan- 
cellor, and at the present time is G. K. of R. & S., while in his 
subordinate Lodge he is always in harness, and submits cheer- 
fully to the duties imposed. 

Social in his instincts, warm in his attachments, firm in his 
friendships, and humane in his disposition, he is never so happy 
as when surrounded by kindred spirits, seeking the advancement 
of his Orders, and testing practically the strength and power 
of those heaven-born principles which underlie all the humane 
institutions of the present day. Bro. Woodruff is a bold, inde- 
pendent thinker, a ready writer, and gifted speaker, and has 
often appeared in the role of orator upon the anniversary days 
of Odd-Fellowship, and demonstrations of our Order, Knights 
of Pythias, 



394 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

MATT. H. VAN DERVEER, ESQ, 

One of the Original Four. 

MH. VAN DERVEER, Esq., was born at Royceford, 
Somerset County, N. J., October 19, 1840. He was a 
son of Dr. Henry H. Van Derveer. He was a clerk 
in the drug store of C. Barcalow until 1861, when he went to 
Washington, D. C, and was employed in the Surgeon-General's 
Office, in the War Department. 

Brother Van Derveer was a member of the Arion Glee Club, 
and was one of the thirteen members of the Club to organize 
the first Lodge of the Order of Knights of Pythias. He was 
appointed and installed as first Worthy Guide, which is the 
office now designated as Master-at-Arms. On March 24, 1864, 
steps were taken toward organizing a Grand Lodge, and three 
Representatives were elected from Washington Lodge, No.- 1, 
for that purpose, one of whom was Brother Van Derveer. 

He was one of the charter members of Lodge of the Castle, 
No. 82, K. of P., and was Chancellor Commander of the Lodge 
in 1873. He has since filled many posts of honor in the Lodge, 
and has always taken great interest in all matters pertaining to 
the good of the Order. 

Outside the Order, he is also very popular. In 1875 ne was 
elected County Clerk for the County of Somerset, by the largest 
majority ever given to any candidate, and in 1880 he was reelected 
to the offi* e, which he filled until July, 1885, when he was ap- 
pointed, by Pr s dent Cleveland, as Collector of Internal Revenue 
tor the Third District of New Jersey. 

Mr. Van Derveer is good natured and socially inclined. He 
has hosts of warm, personal friends, and is a general favorite 
wherever he is known. He is very modest and unassuming, 
and has thus let those who know not what modesty means rob 
him of the honor due him as one of the founders of our Order. 
The Supreme Lodge of the World and the Grand Lodge of 
New Jersey should unite in making him a Past Grand Chancellor, 








MATT. H. VAN DER VEER. 




WM. A. MESTEMAKER. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 395 

WILLIAM A. MESTEMAKER. 

The Heroic Pythian Martyr. 

TTHLLIAM A. MESTEMAKER, the subject of this sketch, 
y y was born in the city of New Orleans on the 24th of Janu- 
ary, 1856. He was educated as a machinist, and after 
his maturity was employed as a river engineer. He was married 
on the 27th of February, 1878, and at his death, September 30, 
1882, left a widow and two children, the oldest, a boy of three 
years, and the other a little girl one year old. He also left three 
sisters, all married, and one brother, the latter being at this time 
(1885) the sitting Past Chancellor of Royal Arch Lodge, No. 6, 
K. of P. 

William A. Mestemaker was made a knight, and became a 
member of Orleans Lodge, No. 1, K. of P., in the city of New 
Orleans, on the 2 2d of March, 1882. Our deceased broiher was 
intelligent, brave, temperate, honest, and industrious. Popular 
with his friends and acquaintances and devoted to his family, his 
profession, and his lodge. He was, at the time of his dtath, 
second engineer on the Steamer R. E. Lee, one of the most 
magnificent boats ever built for the western waters, and which 
plied as a weekly packet between New Orleans, La., and Vicks- 
burg, Miss. 

The following short description of the burnt steamer is taken 
from the Times Democrat, published in New Orleans on Sunday, 
October 1, 1882. 

" The Robert E. Lee, the second boat of that name, was built 
by the Howards of JcrTersonville, Indiana, in 1876, and was on 
her two hundred and twenty second trip in the Vicksburg trade, 
her first trip since the death of her builder and owner, the 
lamented Captain John W. Cannon, and was just out from a five 
weeks* rest, during which time she had been extensively repaired 
and painted, and left here last Tuesday, with the largest trip of 
freight carried by a Vicksburg boat in a long while. By the 
men along the river the Lee was regarded as a masterpiece of 



396 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

river architecture, and the most beautiful steamer, in her outside 
appearance, which ever came to this city. Aside from the loss 
of life, the destruction of such a boat as the Lee, is a most seri- 
ous one to the river interest, for she was the pride of thousands, 
and the like of which may never be seen again." 

From a report, written in Vicksburg and published in the issue 
of the paper referred to, we take the following account of the 
burning of this boat, by which accident about twenty persons 
lost their lives, and a vast quantity of valuable property was 
destroyed. 

"The J. M. White steamed into Klienston Port this morning 
at 9.30 o'clock with the surviving officers, passengers, and crew 
of the Robert E. Lee on board, and with the startling intelli- 
gence that the latter had been completely destroyed by fire, 
thirty miles south of Vicksburg, at 3 o'clock this morning. The 
news spread like wildfire from Klienston to Vicksburg, and the 
excitement that prevailed generally beggars description. The 
Lee left here at 5 p. m. Friday, bound for New Orleans, with 
something over four hundred bales of cotton and about thirty 
passengers in all. She added a number of bales below, making 
in all 515 bales of cotton which she had on board at the time of 
her destruction. After leaving Ashwood she steamed into mid- 
stream and continued her course, until while passing Crook's 
Landing, Miss., the alarm of fire was given from below. John 
Stout (pilot) the surviving hero of the hour, and one of the 
bravest and best men that ever turned a wheel, with the coolness 
of Jim Bledsoe, rounded to, and headed his boat for the bank 
at Yucatan Plantation. It is estimated that in less than five 
minutes from -the time the fire was discovered, the Lee was 
wrapped in a perfect sheet of flames. ' ' 

It is impossible in this short sketch to give an account of the 
heroic conduct of the various officers of this magnificent but ill- 
fated steamer, in their dauntless efforts to save the lives of the 
passengers and crew. The names of John Stout, William Per- 
kins, Ovid Bell, and others, will long be remembered in con- 
nection with their coolness and courage on this occasion. We 
have specially to do with the actions and fate of our own Pythian 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 



397 



friend and brother, William A. Mestemaker, the second engineer 
on duty at the time of the accident. 

To understand the position of an engineer on a Mississippi 
steamer, loaded with cotton, one must imagine himself sur- 
rounded on all sides by an inflammable wall, with but few and 
difficult places of egress and scarcely a chance of escape in case 
of fire, should he remain true to his duty and stand at his 
post. Thus it was with Brother Mestemaker, whilst the unre- 
lenting flames were hedging him in on all sides he stood true 
to his duty and the teachings of his noble profession, evi- 
dently with the full consciousness that his life was required to 
be given, rather than his post deserted, and himself made a 
sacrifice that others might be saved. This becomes absolutely 
certain from the fact, that in the midst of flames and frenzy, with 
a hidious death staring him in the face, he called through the 
tube to the pilot, "Tell them at home — good-by." 

Can we imagine this knight, this brother, standing at his 
post, hopelessly imprisoned, with the flames creeping, and then 
rushing in on all sides, the last chance of escape destroyed, and 
he, in a living furnace, surrounded by livid and appalling flames, 
suffocating with heat and smoke, burning by inches, and yet 
true to his manly sense of duty, sending as his last act on earth 
a loving message to the dear ones at home? Whilst our souls 
thrill with pride in our humanity at such an instance of God- 
like courage, we can but shudder at the necessity, and drop the 
tear of admiring sympathy at such a death. 

On the 3d of October, 1882, four days after the burning of 
the "Lee," Orleans Lodge, No. 1, K. of P., was officially noti- 
fied of the death of Brother William A. Mestemaker, through 
the Chairman of the Relief Committee, Brother A. Rosenburg, 
who stated that he had joined with the family in sending a 
metallic casket up the river for the remains, when found. At 
the same meeting a resolution was unanimously adopted, that, 
'"if the officers of the steamer 'Ed. Richardson* fail to find 
the body of Brother Mestemaker, the Lodge offer a reward of 
twenty-five dollars for the recovery of the same." 

At the next meeting, October 10,, the Chancellor Commander 
34 



398 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

stated and reported "that Brother Mestemaker's body had been 
found and buried, as an 'unknown/ at Hard-times Landing, 
La. ; and further, that the Board of Health of this city would 
not permit the same to be disinterred and brought here until 
December or January next." A committee was also appointed 
"to solicit subscriptions from the membeis of this Lodge, for 
the widow and orphans of our deceased Brother." 

On the 17th of O-tober the Committee on Subscriptions was 
given further time, and the K. of R. & S. was instructed to 
apply for a dispensation to solicit aid from the other lodges in 
this jurisdiction. 

On the 1 st of November, Grand Chancellor Benton issued 
his dispensation, in which he used the following language: 

. . " and I do, in my official capacity, most cordially recommend to 

the lodges of this Grand Jurisdiction to aid in this good work, so far as it 
can be done without prejudice to the widows and orphans dependent upon 
the several lodges. The deceased brother, in this instance, displayed the 
gallantry of Damon, the fearlessness of Pythias, and the loyalty of Lucullus, 
when he gave his life rather than desert his post. It should be a matter of 
pride and pleasure to this Grand Jurisdiction to guard and protect his widow 
and orphans." 

On the 19th of February, 1883, tne body of Brother Meste- 
maker was received by Orleans Lodge, No. 1, on board the 
steamer "Ed. Richardson/ ' in the city of New Orleans, and 
"was buried on the same day, with Pythian honors; about one 
hundred and twenty- five members of Orleans Lodge, and a great 
number of visiting knights forming in line and joining in the 
ceremonies. ' ' 

It is scarcely necessary to say that a considerable amount of 
money was collected and devoted to the support and welfare of 
the widow and orphans 

On the 27th of February, 1883, the following letter was re- 
ceived and ordered spread on the minutes of Orleans Lodge : 

"New Orleans, Feb. 25, 1883. 
" To the Officers and Members of Orleans Lodge, K. of P. 

" Gentlemen : I recognize the poverty of the language at my command, 
when I undertake to testify my recognition of the many and delicate acts of 



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kindness of which you have made me the recipient. When the steamer 
11 Robert E. Lee" was destroyed on September 30, 1882, and my husband 
was named among the lost, your noble and generous sympathies exhibited 
themselves, and took the shape of grief for the loss of one of your own breth- 
ren, and warmest interest for the welfare of his wife and children. Whilst 
you made ample provision for their future comfort and support, you tenderly 
provided that his remains should sleep within the precincts of hallowed 
ground, and supplemented your many acts of unequaled generosity by 
making his last resting place the property of his wife ! To express to you 
my deep felt appreciation, is beyond my abil ty. Most earnestly and sin- 
cerely do I pray that from calamities you all may be spared, and that a 
benign Providence will bless Orleans Lodge, Knights of Pythias, and give 
to each of its members the happiness and welfare they truly deserve. For 
myself and the orphan children of William Mestemaker, I give unto you 
grateful appreciation of your deeds. Sincerely and respectfully, 

4< Mrs. E. Mestemaker." 

And again on the 2d October, 1883, the following letter was 
received by the lodge. 

Nrw Orleans, Oct. 1, 1883. 
To the Members of Orleans Lodgt, Knights of Pythias. 

"Gentlemen: Words cannot express the gratitude for your many acts of 
kindness to me. You provided my husband, William A Mestemaker, with 
a last resting place, and, adding to your noble generosity, you erect a beau- 
tiful marble tablet over his remains. I was indeed overwhelmed with thank- 
fulness, when on yesterday, the anniversary of my husband's untimely end, 
I stood before his grave and saw another proof of your devotion to your 
members and of your goodness to me. May none of the members of Orleans 
Lodge ever occupy an unmarked grave. Please accept, one and ali, my 
sincerest thanks. Very respectfully, 

" Elizabeth Mestemaker." 

At the meeting of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, at Baton 
Rouge, on the 6th of August, 1883, Grand Chancellor Thomas 
O. Benton in his report, referred to the death of Bro. Meste- 
maker as follows: 

But few events, since the establishment of Pythianism, have 
more beautifully, thrillingly, and powerfully, illustrated the self- 
sacrificing bravery of the true and loyal Knight, than the heroic 
death of Brother William A. Mestemaker, engineer of the Steamer 
R. E. Lee, destroyed by fire on the 30th of September, 1882. 



400 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



The man who stands to his post, and dies amid the roar and 
excitement of battle, is mourned for, and honored as a patriot 
soldier. But how nobler far is that man, who is true to his sense 
of duty in the dread hour of danger, never swerving whilst a 
painful, horrid, and unnatural death stares him in the face, and 
all but manhood bids him fly. Truly was it said of our brother 
in this instance, "The deceased brother displayed the gallantry 
of Damon, the fearlessness of Pythias, and the loyalty of Lucullu , 
when he gave his life rather than desert his post," and although 
not a P. C, yet may we well say, he was the noblest Pythian ot' 
them all. I, therefore, recommend that this subject be referred 
to the Committee on the good of the Order, for such action as 
may be deemed necessary. 

By unanimous action of the Grand Lodge, a page of the printed 
report was dedicated to our deceased brother, and the Commit- 
tee on eulogy thus spoke of him in their report : 

"Mestemaker — hero, demigod ! Can empty words add to the 
lustre of thy grand and noble act? One that has gained for thee 
the applause of all true men. Why name thee ! Thy heroism, 
the thought of duty to save thy fellow beings, renders thee above 
the requirements of praise. Sleep, brother, sleep. Thy acts 
and deeds and noble qualities shall be eternal in our hearts, and 
guide us onward to thy heavenly home." 

It was found impossible to deposit the body of Bro. Meste- 
maker in the mausoleum or tomb of Orleans Lodge, which is 
probably the most elegant structure of this character belonging 
to our order. A special lot was therefore purchased in Metarii 
Cemetery near the Lodge tomb for the reception of his remains, 
and the right of property therein was subsequently donated to 
the family of our deceased brother. Below we give a drawing 
of the tablet placed by his lodge above the vault, where rests all 
that remains of this brave young Knight, save the imperishable 
record of his gallantry and devotion. 

Here, surrounded by the monuments of many heroes, dead, 
like himself to time, but deathless in a glorious memory, with 
brilliant flowers blooming about his tomb, making the soft south- 
ern breeze redolent with their fragrance — with the drooping moss, 



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401 



the weeping willow, the spotless magnolia, the funereal cypres, 
and the hardy live oak, all casting their commingled shadows of 
gloom and brightness on his grave, this knightly martyr peace- 
fully awaits that grand reunion, when all true knights, in the h*st 
great day, shall be assembled around the eternal throne of God. 
Adopting Collin's Ode, well may we, as Pythians, say and 
sing— 

" How sleep the Knights who sink to rest, 
By all their Order's wishes blest ? 
When spring, with dewy fingers cold, 
Returns to deck their hallowed mould, 
She there shall dress a sweeter sod 
Than Fancy's feet have ever trod. 

"By fairy hands their knell is rung, 
By forms unseen their dirge is sung ; 
There Honor comes — a pilgrim gray, 
To bless the turf that wraps their clay, 
And Friendship shall awhile repair 
To dwell, a weeping hermit there." 



W. A. MESTEMAKER, 

A MEMBER OF ORLEANS LODGE, No. 1, K. of P , 

Born January 24, 1856, 
LOST HIS LIFE BY THE BURNING OF THE STEAMER 

R. E. LEE, 

September 30, 1882. 



34* 



2A 



4 o2 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

E. W. ROSS. 

WE present our readers with a brief sketch of the life of 
Knight E. W. Ross, whose tragic fate and name are 
indissolubly linked with those of the Pythian martyr, 
Samuel Holder Hines. He is the brother that Samuel Holder 
Hines fruitlessly endeavored to rescue from a most terrible fate, 
at the burning of the Spotswood Hotel, in Richmond, Va., on 
the morning of December 25, 1870. He filed his application 
for membership in Old Dominion Lodge, No. 4, K. of P., of 
the city of Richmond, on the 9th day of February, 1869, and 
was created a Knight on the 30th day of March, 1869. Our 
brother never attained any prominence in his Lodge, and but 
little can be learned of his early history. 

The thrilling story of that fearful morning is a beautiful 
incident, upon which poets will delight to dwell, from which 
authors will draw inspiration, and over which historians will 
linger as they paint in glowing colors this one martyr represen- 
tative of every age and peoples. Hines and Ross, Damon and 
Pythias, David and Jonathan, are names that the world will not 
willingly let die. They illustrated the cardinal doctrines of our 
grand Order, and showed how 

" That lesson with unflinching faith was kept, 

When keeping earned a martyr's crown and glory ; 
Triumphant now, the coldest hearts are swept 
With noble ardor at the sacred story." 



HENRY SHELBY REYNOLDS. 

Past Grand Chancellor of the Grand Jurisdiction of Tennessee. 

THE subject of this sketch was one of the noblest specimens 
of manhood and knighthood that has appeared on the 
stage of action during the present century. 
He was a charter member of Memphis Lodge, No. 6, K. of P., 
and was a member of the Grand Lodge of Tennessee, February, 
1877, wner e he was elected Grand Vice Chancellor, 




E W. ROSS. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 



403 



At the session of 1878, he was elected Grand Chancellor, and 
served the Order with ability and fidelity until his untimely 
death, September 18, 1878. 

As an active member of the Pythian Committee of Relief, 
during the terrible scourge of yellow fever, he was constant, 
faithful, fearless, and untiring in ministering to the wants of his 
afflicted brothers, from the beginning of the pestilence which 
ravaged tne Bluff City; and thus enfeebled by long weeks of 
physical fatigue and mental unrest, he fell an easy victim when 
stricken by the dread disease. 

The cessation of commercial transactions, at the outbreak of 
the epidemic, relieved him of all business ties and left him free 
to remove his family and himself to a place of safety; but he 
felt that the high office to which the suffrages of his brother 
Knights had eleva ed him, imposed an obligation while it con- 
fejr^d an honor, and he formed without hesitation the resolution 
which actuated him throughout — a resolution eloquently epit- 
omized in this sentence from one of the last letters that he ever 
wrote : 

" So long as one member of the Order remains in Memphis, 
I deem it my duty to stay; and, should I fall, I v\ ill fall at my 
post of duty." 

His life was a thorough exemplification of the tenets of our 
Order; his tragic death gloriously illustrates its symbolic virtues. 

In the long list of Pythian martyrs, from our honored Patron 
to the lamented Hines, not one has given a more h roic example 
of pure friendship, that the whole world might follow, than 
Henry S. Reynolds; not one has displayed more sublimely that 
" courage which, arising from a sense of duty and coupled with 
pure friendship, encounters difficulties and dangers with firmne. i s 
and without fear or depression of spirits/ ' His heroic soul felt 
how truly 

11 'Tis sweet to die for those we love." 

S ) feeling, he went to his death. Let us write upon his tomb : 
" Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his 
life for his friends, ' ' 



404 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



The special committee appointed by the Supreme Lodge of 
the World to perfect the roster of Past Grand Chancellors, pre- 
sented a report at the Detroit (1882) session, from which the 
following is an extract : 

" The name of H. S. Reynolds, of Tennessee, is placed on 
the list, though he ditd during his term ; but he died bravely at 
his post of duty, and immortalized his name in the annals of 
Pythian Knighthood.'' 

When this report came up for consideration, "the Supreme 
Lodge unanimously ordered that the name of H. S. Reynolds, of 
Tennessee, should appear on the roster as a Past Grand Chan- 
cellor." 

Like our renowned prototype, in his crucial test, he neither 
faltered nor murmured, but, with an unostentatious intrepidity, 
which carries us away with the heroism of the man, he took his 
life in his hand and went, by day and night, through the plague- 
infected city, feeding the hungry, clothing the naked, nursing 
the sick, and burying the dead. 

His memory to us is precious, and his virtues shall forever 
remain a rich legacy to his surviving co-laborers in the noble 
cause to which he so freely gave his life. 

Let us ever cherish the memory of this gallant Knight, whose 
voice is hushed forever, whose loyal heart is stilled and pulseless : 

" Whose bones now are dust, 
And his good sword rust ; 
And his soul is with the saints, we trust. " 

The Grand Lodge of Tennessee, at its session in the City of 
Nashville, in February, 1879, P a *d tne following beautiful tribute 
to the other members of the Relief Committee. 

The Special Committee on Memorial submitted the following 
report in relation to Knights Jonathan Wood and Thomas E. 
Wilson, which was unanimously adopted, to wit : 

"P. C. Jonathan Wood. 

"Though Brother Reynolds had fallen from his side, this. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 



40S 



heroic Brother shrank not from the work of mercy he had 
undertaken. 

"Apparently forgetful of his own danger, he cared only for 
the lives of those about him, and spent his own life to save 
others. He relieved many, refusing his help to none. 

"Resolved, That in the self-sacrifice of this brother, the Order 
has sustained a great loss, and won a great honor. 

"Resolved, That his name also appear on the memorial page 
set apart for the name of Brother Reynolds. 

"Thomas E. Wilson. 

"This Brother was the last of the gallant trio, and not the 
least brave. While he met death face to face, and went with 
undaunted courage to the bedside of his Brothers; while he 
feared not labor and turned not his back upon the foe, he was 
spared, and still lives ; and loves and honors the brotherhood 
from which his Brothers have been called. 

" Resolved, That in recognition of his valiant services and 
noble character, this body confer on him the rank of Past 
Chancellor." 



FRIENDSHIP. 



" The pledge of Friendship : It is still divine, 

Though watery floods have quenched its burning wine. 

Whatever vase the sacred drops may hold — 

The gourd, the shell, the cup of beaten gold — 

Around its brim the hand of Nature throws 

A garland sweeter than the banquet's rose. 

Bright are the blushes of the vine -wreathed bowl, 

Warm with the sunshine of Anacreon's soul ; 

But dearer memories gild the tasteless wave 

That fainting Sidney perished as he gave. 

1 Tis the heart's current lends the cup its glow, 

Whate'er the fountain whence the draught may flow." 



4o6 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



HON. ERIE J. LEECH, 

Past Grand Chancellor and Past Supreme Representative 

of Iowa. 

OUR brother was born in July, 1826, in Erie county, New 
York, and was named after the county of his nativity. 
His father, Col. Isaac Leech, was of Scotch descent, and 
his mother came through the famous Anneka Jans Bogardus of 
Trinity Church notoriety. Your readers will remember Bo- 
gardus as an Episcopalian minister who attained a wide celeb- 
rity in his chosen field of labor. Col. Leech left New York in 
1828, and removed to the " Western Reserve," and settled in 
Cuyahoga county, near Cleveland, in Northern Ohio. That 
portion of Ohio was then a wild and almost unbroken wilder- 
ness. The grand and beautiful city of Cleveland then had no 
harbor, and all freight had to be landed by small boats from 
steamers and vessels which plied up and down the lake. 

With these surroundings, our brother grew to a young and 
vigorous manhood. His first lessons were learned in the old-fash- 
ioned log school-house, so common in all frontier settlements, 
and so well remembered by all pioneers the world over. He 
was an apt student, and soon acquired a knowledge of the 
branches taught in those "people's colleges," and was prepared 
to take a step in advance. 

The tide of emigration and civilization moving on their west- 
ward course, brought a higher type of schools, and soon the 
academy was erected in the midst of flourishing communities, 
affording excellent facilities for a thorough scientific and class- 
ical education. One of the best seminaries was established at 
Twinsburg, Summit county, in Northern Ohio, and there, under 
the tutorship of Rev. Samuel Bissell, a graduate of "old Yale," 
Mr. Leech received a thorough mental training, fitting him for 
success in almost any walk of life. 

During his academical career he taught several terms of dis- 
trict school in winter, thus earning the means to aid him to pur- 
sue his studies in the summer. He was a very successful teacher 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 407 

and seriously contemplated the idea at one time of making, 
teaching his life business. But at an early age he lost both of 
his parents, his father having failed in mercantile business just 
prior to his death. Unaided and alone in life, he commenced 
fighting its battles, and with a fair classical education and a 
strong purpose to win honorable distinction among his fellow 
men, he has attained his present proud position. 

In 1850 he removed from Ohio to Iowa, and located at Fort 
Madison. In September of 1851 he received the appointment 
of deputy treasurer and recorder of Lee county, from Robert 
McFarland, Esq., the then treasurer and recorder of that 
county. 

In August of 1852, Mr. Leech was appointed deputy clerk of 
the District Court, by S. A. James, the clerk, and upon the sug- 
gestion of Mr. James he removed to Keokuk, in May, 1854, to 
act as his deputy there, upon the recommendation of the Keo- 
kuk bar, where he has since resided. 

Hon. Edward Johnstone appointed Mr. Leech clerk in Au- 
gust of 1855, as S. A. James resigned on account of ill health. 

The subject of this sketch soon endeared himself to the people 
of his chosen home, and he was afterwards elected four succes- 
sive terms as clerk, and served four years more as deputy under 
his successor, Charles Doerr, Esq. 

He was a member and secretary of the Board of Education 
of Fort Madison (Dr. J. C. Walker being president) at the time 
of the erection of the brick school building on the corner of 
Pine and Fifth streets, and has been four years a member of the 
Board of Education of Keokuk, as well as secretary of the Keo- 
kuk Loan and Building Association for six years. 

In September, 1871, he was appointed, .without solicitation, 
deputy clerk of the U. S. Courts at Keokuk, which position he 
still holds. 

He was admitted to the bar in December, 1862, and practised 
law with marked success for about four years. But he prefers 
clerical work, and has turned his attention that way. He is also 
United States Commissioner for the District of Iowa, at Keo- 
kuk, and has performed a large amount of work in that office. 



408 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

In October, 1854, he was initiated into the mysteries of Odd- 
Fellowship by Puckechetuck Lodge, No. 43, I. O. O. F., at 
Keokuk, and became a Past Grand in 1857, and was elected a 
Representative to the Grand Lodge of Iowa the same year, tak- 
ing his seat as a member of the Grand Lodge at its October ses- 
sion (1857), at Mt. Pleasant. He was elected Deputy Grand 
Master in 1859, Grand Master in i860, and Grand Represen- 
tative to Sovereign Grand Lodge in 1861, taking his seat in that 
august body in September, 1862, and was in continuous service 
in that body up to 1882, when he was unanimously elected 
Grand Sire. 

During his official career as Grand Representative to the Sov- 
ereign Grand Lodge, he was chairman of several most impor- 
tant committees, to wit : On Petitions, on Credentials, on Fi- 
nance, State of the Order, and Legislation ; in all of which he 
reflected credit on his constituents. 

He is the author of the Digest of the Laws of the Grand 
Lodge and Grand Encampment, I. O. O. F., of Iowa, and has 
contributed many valuable essays to the literature of the Order. 

In September, 1869, he was made a Knight at San Francisco, 
California, by Past Supreme Chancellor Samuel Read. On his 
arrival at home he organized a Pythian Lodge in the city of 
Keokuk, and was elected Venerable Patriarch. 

He was present at the formation of the Grand Lodge K. of 
P. of Iowa, on July 4, 1870, at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and was 
there elected and installed as the first Venerable Grand Patri- 
arch and became a Past Grand Chancellor. 

Our Knightly brother was also elected one of the three Su- 
preme Representatives to the Supreme Lodge of the World ; 
but owing to the financial embarrassments of the Grand Lodge 
of Iowa, he did not attend the ensuing session of the Supreme 
Lodge. 

Was again, in 1874, elected a Supreme Representative and 
attended the session of the Supreme Lodge of the World at the 
city of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. 

He was appointed chairman of a committee to prepare rules 
for the body under the new Constitution adopted at that inter- 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 409 

esting session, and in the formation of which he took an active 
part. 

The Supreme Chancellor appointed him as chairman of the 
Committee on the State of the Order, but, owing to a pressure 
of business matters, he could not attend the session of the Su- 
preme Lodge in 1875, at Washington, D. C. 

His present membership is with Morning Star Lodge, No. 5, 
K. of P., in the city of Keokuk, Iowa. 

Our eminent brother, although a lawyer by profession, the 
greater part of his life has been passed in the State and Federal 
courts as clerk. 

He has led a very active and busy life, and though burdened 
with official cares and duties he has prepared and delivered a 
large number of most able and excellent addresses upon frater* 
nal topics. 

In his daily walk before men he exemplifies the cardinal doc- 
trines of both Orders, and has always maintained an unsullied, 
character in his personal and official relations. 

When it is understood that in the Sovereign Grand Lodge, 
over which he presides, the legislation is done which controls 
the entire membership, which now exceeds five hundred thou- 
sand, some idea may be formed of the duties and responsibili- 
ties of its chief executive. To him must be referred, during the 
recess of the Sovereign Grand Lodge, all the questions that arise 
in the various Lodges throughout the world which are under its 
immediate jurisdiction, and by him must be done any and all 
business that would naturally come before that body. 

Every Odd-Fellow and every Pythian Knight in the Supreme 
Jurisdiction may well be proud of the fact that one of their 
number has been found worthy of being crowned chief execu- 
tive of this grand charitable Order. 

His record as a father, husband, officer, and Odd-Fellow is 
free from spot or blemish, and will bear the electric light of 
public criticism and public scrutiny. 

His pathway is strewn with good deeds, pure thoughts, and 
myriads of public and private charities, and his life has shed a 
fadeless lustre on this Grand Jurisdiction. 
35 



4IO THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

It is the judgment of his compeers that he has filled the 
places of trust, honor, and responsibility faithfully, impartially, 
and with marked ability, commanding their confidence and es- 
teem, irrespective of sect or party. 

Of him it may truthfully be said, now, while he is with us : 

" None knew him but to love him, 
None named him but to praise." 



HON. CHARLES COWLEY, 
Past Grand Chancellor of Massachusetts. 

HHHE first gentleman who was initiated into the Order of 
Knights of Pythias in Lowell, was the Hon. Charles 
Cowley, charter member of Lowell Lodge, who took the 
degrees of Page, Esquire, and Knight, and was elected and 
installed as Chancellor Commander of Lowell Lodge, all on 
January 21, 1870. That was the commencement of Pythian 
Knighthood in "The City of Spindles/' where there are now 
four flourishing Lodges, with 700 members. In the same year 
Judge Cowley entered the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts as a 
Representative, and was elected a Past Grand Chancellor, and 
in April, 1871, he took his seat in the Supreme Lodge, at Phila- 
delphia. He had been made a Master Mason six years before. 

Judge Cowley was born at Eastington, Gloucestershire, in the 
Valley of Severn, England, January 9, 1832. He was taken to 
Massachusetts by his parents in early boyhood, and was edu- 
cated at the public schools of Woburn and Lowell, but chiefly 
under private tutors. In 1853-1854116 edited the Lowell Daily 
Courier, now edited by the Hon. George A. Marden, Speaker 
of the Massachusetts House of Representatives. In 1856 he 
commenced the practice of law in Lowell. 

During the Confederate war he served under Admiral Dahlgren 
as Judge-Advocate of the fleet blockading the coast of South 
Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, and was also Provost-Judge. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 41 1 

He bore his full share of peril on battle-field and gun-deck, 
notably in the attack on Fort Johnson in Charleston harbor, 
July 3, 1864, where he was wounded by a mortar-shell, in the 
bombardment of Fort Sumter and the Confederate batteries on 
Sullivan's Island, and also in the battles of the Tulifinny River, 
Honey Hill, and Deveaux's Neck. His book, entitled "Leaves 
from a Lawyer's Life Afloat and Ashore," is largely devoted to 
the military and naval operations in that quarter, and being 
written with great candor and judicial fairness, it has had a 
steady sale in the South, as well as in the North and West. 

Upon quitting the navy, at the close of the war, he resumed 
the practice of his profession in Boston and Lowell. In 1868 
he made the tour of Europe. Having observed the beneficent 
results of the ten-hour law on the factory operatives of Great 
Britain, upon his return to Lowell he organized a movement, 
which had already begun, to secure a similar statute in Massa- 
chusetts, which in 1874 was successful. He was also successful 
in securing an act of incorporation for the Grand Lodge of the 
Knights of St. Crispin, for which he was counsel. The oper- 
atives in the cotton, woollen, boot and shoe manufactories of 
Massachusetts owe a debt of gratitude to " the sage of Lowell" 
for his effective advocacy of these and other practical measures 
of labor reform. 

In addition to an honorable distinction in the legal profession, 
Judge Cowley has won an enviable reputation as an author, by 
his "Leaves from a Lawyer's Life Afloat and Ashore," "His- 
tory of Lowell," "Famous Divorces of All Ages," " Remi- 
niscences of James C. Ayer," " Historical Sketch of the County 
of Middlesex," "Our Divorce Courts," etc. He edited Ad- 
miral Dahlgren's "Maritime International Law," and he trans- 
lated and paraphrased Archbishop Fenelon's beautiful " Dialogue 
between Dionysius, Damon and Pythias," which is republished 
with his own revision in Van Valkenburg's "Jewels of Pythian 
Knighthood." Various pamphlets have been published by him, 
and he has given many public orations, lectures, and addresses 
of permanent value. Some of his topics have been, Daniel 
Webster, William Tyndale, William of Orange, Admiral Dahl- 



412 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

gren, and Howell the Great, King of Wales, from whom, on 
his mother's side, he is supposed to. have descended. Other 
topics of his have been "Damon and Pythias in Life and 
Literature," "Vestiges of Pythagoreanism in Christianity,' ' 
" The Siege of Charleston,' ' " The Development of the National 
Sentiment in America," "The Romance of History in the 
Black County," which is the county of Beaufort, S. C, where, 
in the Soldiers' Cemetery, over the graves of ten thousand of 
his former comrades, he delivered an oration, which ranks 
among the best efforts of his life, on Decoration Day, 1881. 

Physically, he is a strongly built man, standing five feet ten 
inches high, and weighing 225 pounds, with steel-gray hair and 
hazel eyes. 

Judge Cowley presided at the grand banquet given by the 
Massachusetts Knights of Pythias in the mammoth tent on 
Boston Common after the great Pythian parade, August 15, 
1873, an d there delivered a remarkably fresh, racy, and original 
speech, echoes of which have often been heard on later occa- 
sions in various parts of the Pythian world. 

He delivered the Memorial Day oration in the city of Brockton, 
Mass., in 1883. 

GEN. WILLIAM WARD, 

Past Grand Chancellor and Supreme Representative, 
of Newark, New Jersey. 

THE subject of this brief sketch was born in the city of 
Newark, State of New Jersey, on the 30th day of January, 
1824, and is to-day an honored citizen of his native city. 
His facilities for education were limited to the common schools, 
and in the earlier years of his life he learned the business of a 
hatter. Still, being endowed by nature with talents of a high 
order, and wonderful energy and force of character, he has 
achieved an enviable reputation amongst the people, in the vari- 
ous industrial pursuits of life, for business tact and sagacity, and 
for the strictest integrity. 

After attaining his majority he was elected manager of sev- 
eral large, powerful, and wealthy manufacturing corporations, and 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 4^ 

had the pleasure of seeing them prosper — whilst under his control. 
At one time he was interested in the wholesale and retail grocery 
trade, but when the war broke out, he entered the service, with 
the rank of captain, to the utter ruin of his business. - 

He soon attained the rank of brevet colonel, and was after- 
wards commissioned brevet brigadier-general, in compliance 
with a special act of the Legislature of New Jersey, bearing date 
1873, "/<?r l° n § an d meritorious service in the National Guards. 11 

Gen. Ward has been a member of the " National Guards " 
since 1841, and in continuous service, except whilst engaged in 
the war for the Union or suffering from wounds received in the 
service. 

He was severely wounded at the second Bull Run engagement, 
on August 29, 1862, having received three mu?ket-balls in his 
body — one in the left arm, one in the right leg, and one in the 
face. His left shoulder was so badly shattered that he was com- 
pelled to pass the terrible ordeal of the amputation of his left arm. 

The wound in the leg is still painful, and remains unhealed. 
In the year 1866, having partially recovered from his wounds, 
he was elected assistant city clerk, and in 1867 was promoted 
to the principal clerkship of Newark, and at the close of his 
official term was appointed postmaster of the city by Gen. Grant, 
the then President of the United States, which important and 
lucrative office he still holds. 

As indubitable evidence of his high standing in private and 
official circles, and that he fully enjoys the esteem and confidence 
of his compeers in all the walks of life, we may mention that he 
has been elected President of the board of managers of Fair- 
mount Cemetery, Treasurer of the Society for the Prevention 
of Cruelty to Animals, and Quartermaster-General of the Grand 
Army of the Republic. 

His reputation is not confined to the arena of business and 
war; but in the domain of fraternal societies he is an acknowl- 
edged leader, zealous and efficient. 

He was a true, brave, and patriotic soldier and officer on the 
tented field — in peace he is a loving, trusted, and exemplary 
35* 



414 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

member of several of the leading charitable organizations of 
earth. 

Our noble and beloved brother is familiar with the Mystic 
rites of the Independent Order of Odd-Fellows, having attained 
the highest rank in his subordinate Lodge. He is also a mem- 
ber of the Patriarchal branch of the Order. Gen. Ward is a 
recognized leader of the Pythian movement in his native State. 

He was Grand Chancellor of the Grand Jurisdiction of New 
Jersey during the centennial year, and represented his State in the 
Supreme Lodge of the World in the years 1878, 1880, 1882, and in 
1884, displaying excellent qualities as a legislator on the floor 
and in committees. His manly bearing, sound, practical judg- 
ment, and literary attainments, render him an important factor 
in a legislative body. 

He is a gentleman of fine personal appearance, elegant social 
powers, always genial and courteous towards his colleagues, attrac- 
tive in manner, and grows in esteem and favor upon extended 
acquaintance. 

Such is the brief outline of the life-history of one who, strug- 
gling through trials, has worked his way from obscurity to a place 
of high esteem, and performed a work the influence of which 
shall live in the hearts of those who have known him, and in- 
crease and intensify with the passing years. 

A devoted Christian during his life, he never faltered in the 
belief that 

" All true glory rests, 
All praise, all safety, and all happiness, 
Upon the moral law." 




MAJOR GEN. JAS. R. CARNAHAN. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 415 

HON. JAMES R. CARNAHAN. 

Major-General, Uniform Rank, K. of P. 

THIS illustrious Knight is a native of the State of Indiana, 
and first saw the light of day on November 18, 1841, at 
Dayton, in the county of Tippecanoe, in said Common- 
wealth. He is descended from Scotch -Irish parentage— his 
father being a native of Kentucky, but who became a resident 
of Lafayette, Indiana, in the year 1827, where he acceptably 
served as pastor of one Presbyterian church for fifty years. His 
father was a thorough scholar, with fine native endowments, an 
exemplary Christian, and a popular and ready speaker. He 
completed his theological studies, and was a graduate of the 
theological seminary at Auburn, New York. 

The subject of this sketch is a born military man, with all that 
the term implies — his great grandfather and two brothers having 
been soldiers throughout the Revolutionary war. He com- 
menced at the early age of fifteen to husband his earnings with 
a view of entering some college and securing a thorough colle- 
giate education. 

The financial crisis of 1857 swept away all his accumulated 
means, and with the paltry sum of five dollars he entered Wabash 
College, at Crawfordsville, Indiana, where he remained, sawing 
wood, sweeping halls, working in gardens, acting as steward of 
the club, keeping a set of books for a business house, and thus 
"paying his way/ ' until the breaking out of the rebellion, in 
April, 1 86 1, when, upon the first call for troops, he promptly 
enlisted as a private in the Eleventh Regiment Indiana Volun- 
teers — " Wallace's Zouaves" 

He demonstrated his love for military display in early life, 
having joined a military company in 1859, under command of 
Captain, afterward Major-General Lew Wallace, and had profited 
by the splendid drill and discipline of his commander. 

He went from the Eleventh Indiana to the Eighty-sixth 
Indiana, in which regiment he remained until the close of the 



4 i 6 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

war — filling various responsible stations, from captain of his 
company to colonel of his regiment. 

During the closing year of the war he occupied a very envi- 
able position as a leading staff officer, first seeing active service 
in Maryland and Virginia, and then with the Army of the Cum- 
berland, taking part with the latter in every battle from its or- 
ganization through the entire struggle. 

When peace was restored he was tendered a commission in the 
regular army, which, through the persuasion of friends and rela- 
tives, he very reluctantly declined, reentering college in the 
autumn of 1865, and graduating from Wabash College in June, 
1866. Our eminent brother adopted the profession of the law, 
and acquired a mastery of its abstruse and intricate doctrines in 
the law-office of Ray, Gordon & March, of Indianapolis, which 
he entered in the fall of 1866, and in the Indianapolis Law 
School, from which he graduated. 

He was admitted to practice before the Supreme Court of 
Indiana in 1867, located at Lafayette, and in October, 1867, 
was elected Prosecutor of Tippecanoe Circuit Court, and held 
such position until 1873. In October, 1874, he was elected and 
commissioned Judge of the Tippecanoe Criminal Circuit Court. 

He united with Lafayette Lodge, No. 51, K. of P., in the 
winter of 1874, and is yet a member of said Lodge. His pro- 
gress was rapid from one chair to the next higher, having been 
elected Grand Vice-Chancellor in 1879, and Grand Chancellor 
of Indiana in 1880. 

He made a most excellent record as the chief executive officer 
of his Grand Jurisdiction, there having been a net increase of 
membership of 583 under his able and efficient administration. 

As a fitting recognition of this unselfish devotion to the 
Pythian cause, he was elected Supreme Representative on Janu- 
ary 25, 1 88 1, and took his seat in the Supreme Lodge at Detroit 
in 1882. 

He saw, in 1876 and 1877, the necessity of a distinctive mili- 
tary rank of the Order, and was instrumental in organizing the 
Lafayette K. of P. Drill Corps, and induced his organization to 
attend the session of the Supreme Lodge at Cleveland, Ohio, in 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 47? 

1877. The display then and there made created great enthusi- 
asm, and secured a first prize for the Drill Corps and a splendid 
badge for their gallant Commander. r 

At the session of the Supreme Lodge, at Indianapolis, August, 

1878, he again commanded the same body and carried off the 
first prize for his men and an elegant K. of P. sword for himself 
as the best Commander. 

Lafayette Drill Corps was one of the first to reorganize under 
the legislation of the Supreme Lodge of the World, providing 
for Divisions of the Uniform Rank, as Lafayette Division, No. 1, 
with James R. Carnahan as Sir Knight Commander. 

In January, 1881, he was appointed Adjutant- General of In- 
diana, which position he held until January 22, 1885. His ad- 
ministration of that important office was characterized with a 
general revival of the military spirit amongst the people, and a 
more thorough and effective organization of the State militia. 

At the session of the Supreme Lodge, 1882, he was made a 
member of the Committee on Uniform Rank, and drafted an 
addition to the General Laws providing for regimental organi- 
zations in Grand Jurisdictions having a certain number of Sub- 
ordinate Divisions. 

He and Sir Knight Lieut. W. R. Hamilton, of the U. S. 
Army, prepared the Drill Manual of Tactics for the Uniform 
Rank — the lion's share of the great labor having been performed 
by Gen. Carnahan. The work was revised by him after the 
Supreme Lodge (1884) session, to conform to the new laws 
passed by that session, for the government of the Uniform Rank. 

He was selected and commissioned as the first Major General 
oi the Uniform Rank, in (1884) at New Orleans, and has dem- 
onstrated the wisdom of the appointment by his active, zealous 
and faithful discharge of the onerous duties of this high and 
honorable office. 

His life and conduct are so interwoven with the history of 
our Order as to make his name thoroughly familiar to all well- 
informed Knights. He needs no encomium, as he has erected 
a monument of good deeds, which will make his name immortal. 



4 i8 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

HON. JNO. P. LINTON. 

Fast Supreme Chancellor. 

r T^HfS most eminent Pythian Knight is a citizen of Johnstown, 

Pennsylvania. He is a lawyer by profession, and has 

earned an enviable reputation as an accomplished and 

successful advocate and a learned jurist, and enjoys a large and 

lucrative practice in his chosen field of labor. 

Judge Linton was in command of the Fifty-fourth Pennsyl- 
vania Infantry Volunteers during the recent war, and made a 
record for courage, judgment, and proficiency in military tactics, 
which compared favorably with any of his brother offVers. 

He became a member of the Order of Knights of Pythias in 
the earliest days of its existence; was rapidly promoted to the 
high and honorable rank of Past-Grand Chancellor in his native 
State, and was admitted as a member of the Supreme Lodge 
Knights of Pythias of the World at its session in New York City 
in 1870. 

He was continuously reelected Supreme Representative from 
the Grand Jurisdiction of the " Keystone' ' State — from that 
date until the session of the Supreme Lodge, in 1880, in the 
city of St. Louis, Missouri, was in attendance at every session 
of that illustrious conclave during the intervening ten years, 
serving at the head of the Committee on Law and Supervision. 

In recognition of his zeal, ability, and fidelity to the Pythian 
cause, he was elected Supreme Vice-Chancellor in 1880, and at 
the session of the Supreme Lodge, held in the city of Detroit, 
Michigan, in August, 1882, was unanimously elected Supreme 
Chancellor. His administration of the high office was charac- 
terized by prudence, wisdom, and firmness, mingled with a 
spirit of broad equity. The growth of the Order from 1882 to 
April, 1884, under his discreet guidance, was rapid and of a 
substantial character. 

The conclusion of his Report to the Supreme Lodge, in 1884, 
reveals the nobility of his character and his genuine love for the 
Order, 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK, 419 

He states that " While we thus, at every succeeding session, 
chronicle the death of the active members of the Order, and 
learn from the eulogies pronounced upon them with what intel- 
ligent appreciation they espoused our tenets; with what devoted 
zeal they worked in the interest of the Order, and how large a 
measure of labor they performed, the mind is staggered at the 
consciousness of the great loss sustained, and the shadow of a 
fear for the ultimate success of the Order may, for a moment 
close around us. 

" It is, however, only for a moment. The shadow flies away 
and we emerge from its influence to realize the truth that the 
progress and prosperity of the Order depend on no one brother, 
however devoted, however able, however exalted may be his 
station, and however abundant and blessed may be his labors. 

" The valiant may lose courage, the trusty may prove recreant, 
the active may become lukewarm, and even he who unites all 
these qualities in himself — the valiant, true, and zealous — may 
pass away, and the Order will still survive and flourish. 

" The mantle of Elijah falls upon Elisha; the work laid down 
by one is taken up by another, or if no one alone is sufficient to 
fill the vacated place, then many will assume the unfinished task, 
divide the labor and unite their efforts and carry forward the work. 

" The amelioration of the condition of humanity is our mis- 
sion ; we believe it to be a work approved by the Supreme Chan- 
cellor above, and He will always find in our ranks the men and 
means to meet every emergency. 

"With profound gratitude to Divine Providence, which has 
vouchsafed to us a term of such unusual prosperity, and enabled 
this exalted body to meet amid such auspicious surroundings; 
with the earnest hope that Divine wisdom may guide our de- 
liberations so as to promote the true interest of our fraternity, 
and with the renewal of the expression of the high appreciation 
of the honor done me, I shall, at the close of the session, sur- 
render to my chosen successor the high office bestowed upon me, 
invoking my brethren to believe that, notwithstanding many 
shortcomings, I have striven to redeem the promise made at my 
installation, and at least ' endeavored to do my duty.' " 



420 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

JUDGE G. W. LINDSAY, 
Past Supreme Chancellor. 

THE Judge was born in the city of Baltimore, Maryland, on 
the ioth day of May, 1826. He served an apprenticeship at 
printing in his youth, and continued in the business until 
about the month of November, 1857, when he was compelled, 
on account of declining health, to relinquish it, and engage in 
a more active field of labor. His avocation is now that of a 
real estate broker and general collecting agent, which he prose- 
cutes in partnership with his son. 

In November, 1871, he was elected Judge of the Orphans' 
Court of Baltimore, leading his ticket over two thousand votes. 
After serving his term of four years he was unanimously renomi- 
nated by the Democratic Convention in 1875, anc ^ having re- 
ceived a flattering indorsement from the Merchants' Reformed 
Party, was re-elected, leading his ticket some four thousand votes. 

Ever since the year 1848, he has been a zealous, efficient, and 
honored worker in the various secret organizations of the country. 
He has attained high rank in our Order, is the Grand Master 
of the Improved Order of Red Men, and commands the con- 
fidence and esteem of his fellow-citizens in a very high degree. 
His every-day life is an exemplification of the grand and en- 
nobling principles that underlie all the great charitable Orders 
of earth. 



HON. FRANCIS GRAYDON MAXWELL, 

PastGrand Chancellor and Supreme Representative of Maryland. 

IN writing a history of the life, character, and deeds of this 
eminent Pythian, we will be compelled to go somewhat into 
details as to his early career. 
His birthplace was the county of Fermanagh, Ireland, within 
seven miles of Erniskillen — and the important event occurred 
in 1833, about one-half century ago, making our worthy brother 
a semi-centenarian. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 42 1 

Like unto a great many men who have risen to distinction 
from humble parentage, and seemingly against the decrees of 
fate, our brother furnishes another bright and shining example. 

The lives of such men act as inspiration upon the hearts of 
the youth of the land, and demonstrate that goodness is in 
order to greatness, and that there is no royal road to learning. 

Judge Maxwell's literary advantages were very meagre and 
confined to the common schools of his native county. 
. At the immature age of sixteen years he entered a mercantile 
establishment at Erniskillen, where he remained but a short 
time. 

In 1850, when but seventeen years old, he resolved to try his 
fortune in the New World, and bid adieu to his native land, the 
green emerald isle, selecting the grand old city of Baltimore, 
Maryland, for his future home. He has been residing in Bal- 
timore since, the summer of 1850. 

On his arrival he sought and found Andrew Armstrong, a 
merchant of acknowledged wealth and influence in the city, and 
his father's cousin. 

Having acquainted Mr. Armstrong with his personal identity, 
and handing him a letter of introduction written by his mother, 
the party, looking the subject of this sketch in the face, said : 
" What right has your mother to expect me to do anything for 
you?" 

This kind of reception was quite unexpected, but the answer 
foreshadows the future man. 

Our brother responded to the heartless relative that, " Sir, my 
mother makes no claim to any right whereby she expects you 
to do anything for me. Your profession of friendship for my 
father naturally caused her to suppose that you would aid his 
son in securing a situation \ beyond this, neither she nor I have 
any claim on you ! " 

This spirited rejoinder ended the interview, and a feeling of 
loneliness took possession of the exile from home, realizing as 
he did that the stormy waters of the Atlantic separated him 
from all his earthly friends. 

Like a true man he at once began to learn a useful trade with a, 

36 



422 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



fellow-countryman, and who proved to be a true and devoted 
friend. 

Having mastered the business of harness-making after a year's 
apprenticeship, he established a collar factory on his own ac- 
count in his adopted city, continuing to conduct an active and 
prosperous business until the breaking out of the war in 1861. 
Early in that year he re-crossed the sea to visit the scenes of his 
childhood and his widowed mother, for whom he has always 
cherished the purest affection and tenderest solicitude. 

Whilst upon his native heath he heard of President Lin- 
coln's proclamation calling out seventy-five thousand men to 
suppress the Southern uprising, and against the entreaties and 
earnest protests of a loving mother and kind relatives to remain 
in Ireland, until peace would be restored, he returned to the 
country of his adoption and entered the service of the Southern 
Confederacy, by organizing a collar department under Major W. 
S. Donner, superintendent of the Ordnance Department, and 
continued to manufacture collars for artillery service of the 
Southern army of Virginia until the restoration of peace between 
the sections. After the war was over he re-established his old 
business in the city of Baltimore, where he has continued to 
prosecute it ever since. 

Judge Maxwell is a member of the fraternities of A. F. and A. 
M., I. O. O. F., Knights of Honor, Knights of Pythias, and 
other Orders. 

He is an active, zealous, and valuable member of the Pythian 
Order, having commenced at the lower round and reached the 
topmost one in 1877, having been elected Grand Chancellor 
for the Grand Jurisdiction of Maryland in that. year, as the 
successor of the Hon. James B. Groome, present United States 
Senator from old Maryland. In 1878 our excellent brother was 
elected Supreme Representative for four years, and has just been 
elected again for another term of four years. 

He is in political faith a decided Democrat, but one of those 
fair, candid, and conscientious party men who concede honesty 
to, and have a profound respect for, those who differ with them 
in a partisan sense. 




w 

PETER WOODLAND 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 423 

Governor Carroll appointed him a member of the Board of 
Control and Review of the Fourth District of Baltimore in 1876, 
and all parties concede that he ably, impartially, and faithfully 
discharged the onerous duties of the Christian. 

He is a communicant of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and 
maintains an enviable reputation as an efficient and untiring worker 
in the Sabbath- schools of Baltimore, and was one of the founders 
of the Sabbath-school whence Calvary Church originated. 

His father was David Maxwell, merchant and farmer, of the 
county of Fermanagh, Ireland. 

He was also an eloquent local preacher and a man of exalted 
worth and character. He was a descendant of the Scotch family 
of that name. 

Judge Maxwell's mother is a daughter of William Henderson, 
farmer, of the county of Fermanagh, Ireland, an ancient and 
honorable family. She is still living, at the advanced age of 
eighty-five. 

The subject of this sketch is a highly cultured gentleman, an 
earnest Christian, a firm and indulgent husband and father, and 
an honored citizen. 

His life, pure and spotless as it is, affords inspiration to the 
youth of the land, and by its magnetic influence will do much 
to win them to the right. 

"So man's true fame must strike from his own deeds. 
How true it is that 
He most lives who thinks most, feels the noblest, acts the best." 



A TRUE KNIGHT. 



KNIGHT Peter Woodland was born at Copenhagen, Den- 
mark, on December n, 1848, and was educated in his 
native city for the business of a sea captain. After at- 
taining his majority he removed from Denmark to America, and 
in changing his location also made a change in his avocation. 
At the time of his tragic death he was assistant superintends 



424 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

ent of the Hudson River tunnel, and was celebrated for his 
skill, energy, and fidelity in the discharge of the varied duties 
imposed by the responsible position. 

He was a member of Hector Lodge, No. 49, K. of P., of 
Philadelphia, of the Grand Jurisdiction of Pennsylvania. Tem- 
perate, unambitious, courteous, charitable, and modest, our mar- 
tyr never failed, when at home, to attend the sessions of his 
Lodge, and to faithfully discharge every duty assigned to him 
by his compeers. 

The sacrifice of his life to save the lives of eight others was 
but the golden fruitage of those lessons that were indelibly pho- 
tographed on his heart and mind in the Castle hall, through the 
charges, odes, and ritualistic work of our noble organization. 

In chivalry, manhood, and true nobility of character, Peter 
Woodland outranks many who have inspired the eulogies of the 
most brilliant historians, and the songs of the sweetest poets in 
all ages. 

That terrible morning of July 21, 1880, when the subject of 
our sketch faced certain death, with all its attendant horrors, to 
save his fellow-men, marks a new era in the history of Pythian- 
ism. And when in future days the traveller from the far West, 
and from across the Pacific, where the far West becomes the far 
East, shall course the continent and plunge into the darkness of 
the tunnel, before he shall finally stop across the river, the story 
of its building will be told and rehearsed by strangers to each 
other, and by parents to their children, how precious lives were 
lost in its erection, and they will be relieved while the lesson is 
being impressed with the special narrative of Peter Woodland, 
who nobly died that others might live, and stood at his post 
while he cried out, "Save yourselves, and then do for us what 
you can ! ■ ' 

Life was as sweet and attractive to him as to any of us. He 
was a strong, robust man, only thirty-five years of age. He 
might have saved himself. He could hear the call of his youth- 
ful wife and his two-year-old child. He had a very pleasant 
and happy home, and was surrounded by troops of friends; 
and had he, in compliance with that first law of nature — self- 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 425 

preservation — sought his personal safety, who, of all our readers, 
would have censured him? But he chose to die that others 
might live, And so we revere him as among earth's choicest 
heroes. 

The laureate of England has sung, in military measure, of 
"The charge of the Light Brigade at Balaklava," where — 

" Tho' the soldier knew 

Some one had blundered, 
Their's not to make reply, 
Their' s not to reason why, 
Their's but to do and die ; 

Into the Valley of Death 

Rode the six hundred." 

But you observe behind this the stern rigor of martial law, 
and death was in the retreat as well as in obedience. But the 
hero of our story, inspired solely and purely by a love for his fel- 
low-men, made a voluntary offering of his own life to save them. 
The heroism displayed by him created such a profound reverence 
for his name that when, after sixty-five days, the body was ex- 
humed, the funeral ceremonies were witnessed by multitudes of peo- 
ple of all classes, and everywhere was paid the most silent respect 
to the honored dead. Not only all the Lodges of the Knights 
of Pythias in this county united in paying this last tribute of 
respect in response to the request of Hector Lodge, No. 49, of 
Philadelphia, of which the deceased was a member, but their sis- 
ter Lodges of New York, Brooklyn, Newark, Paterson, Passaic, 
and other places joined in the imposing pageant. The Lodges 
that took part were Lincoln, which had the immediate manage- 
ment of the funeral, at the request of Hector Lodge, Jersey 
City, Cincinnatus, Pythagoras, Lafayette, Hudson, Centenary, 
and Palestine Division, U. R., of this city; Fabiola, Zeno, Myr- 
tle Division of Paterson ; Benevolent, of Passaic ; Henry Clay, 
St. Paul, St. Chrysostom, Washington, and Calanthe, of New- 
ark; Ashland and Excelsior Divisions of New York; Black 
Prince of Hunter's Point ; King's County Division of Brook- 
lyn, and a delegation from Hector Lodge, Philadelphia, alto- 
gether forming a body nearly one thousand in number. The 
36* 



426 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Lodges formed in Erie Street, the right resting on Newark Ave- 
nue, at half-past one o'clock, under the direction of Charles P. 
Vanneman, District Deputy of this District, Grand Marshal, 
assisted by Robert Montgomery and John Patrick. 

The procession, headed by a squad of police, under command 
of Sergeant Jelly of the 2d Precinct, a drum corps, and a body 
of Knights of the Uniformed Rank, with their red plumed helmet 
hats and carrying swords, started at two o'clock and proceeded 
through Newark Avenue, Grove, Seventh, and Henderson streets 
to Pavonia Avenue, where they passed in front of No. 187, the 
late residence of the deceased, and then formed in open ranks, 
extending from the house to the Park Reformed Church, on East 
Hamilton Place, where the funeral services were to take place. 
The casket containing the remains was then brought from the 
house and placed in the plumed hearse, and the bereaved widow 
with her little child, and other relatives and officers of the 
Tunnel Company, occupied the carriages that followed. On 
each side of the hearse walked the pall-bearers, wearing Avhite 
scarfs and consisting of Wra. Wilson, Joseph Grainer, John L. 
Smith, of Hector Lodge, and George W. Decker, Charles Tracy, 
and Robert Eakins, of Lincoln Lodge. The hearse and carriages 
were driven through the open ranks to the church, where the 
casket was placed on a catafalque in the altar, on a level with 
the platform of the pulpit, where it could be plainly seen from 
all parts of the edifice. The casket was of rosewood, silver 
mounted, and with silver bar handles and plates and emblems of 
the Order. The body was laid on a white satin pedestal, and 
the inside of the casket entirely sealed. The plate bore the 
name of the deceased and the date of his death. Upon the 
lid of the casket lay a floral offering in the shape of a triangle, 
the emblem of and a gift of the Order. The body was met at 
the south door of the church by Rev. J. Howard Suydam, the 
pastor, and the Rev. Hiram Eddy, pastor of the Free Union 
Church, who preceded it up the aisle reciting the funeral 
services. The galleries of the church were already crowded 
when the procession arrived, the lower part having been re- 
served for the relatives and members of the Order, by whom it 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 427 

was quickly filled. The services were commenced by the read- 
ing of the 90th Psalm and the 15th chapter of 1st Corinthians, by 
Rev. Dr. Suydam, who then delivered a very able and impressive 
discourse, in which he cited instances of great heroism as dis- 
played by Jim Bludso, Herndon, Pilot Smith, and others, and 
compared that of the noble Woodland. He also alluded to the 
monuments erected to great men, and claimed that one more 
elegant than any yet sculptured was already erected to the 
memory of Woodland in the hearts of the people. The 
reverend gentleman drew from the death of this man and this 
solemn occasion, conclusions of reflection and consolation, and 
concluded by reciting the following poem, by Mrs. Stowe, on 
" The peace of faith : " 

When winds are raging o'er the upper ocean, 
And billows wild contend with angry roar, 

'Tis said, far down beneath the wild commotion, 
That peaceful stillness reigneth evermore. 

For far beneath, the noise of tempests dieth, 

And silver waves shine ever peacefully : 
And no rude storm, how fierce soe'er it flieth, 

Disturbs the Sabbath of that deeper sea. 

So to the heart that knows thy love, O Purest, 

There is a temple, sacred evermore, 
And all the babble of life's angry voices, 

Dies in hushed stillness at its peaceful door. 

Far, far away, the roar of passion dieth, 

And loving thoughts rise calm and peacefully, 

And no rude storm, how fierce soe'er it flieth, 
Disturbs the soul that dwells, O Lord, in Thee ! 

O rest of rests ! O peace serene, eternal ! 

Thou ever livest, and Thou changest never ; 
And in the secret of Thy presence dwelleth 

Fullness of joy, forever and forever. 

Rev. Dr. Eddy then made a deeply impressive address, on the 
necessity of always being right within to meet death, and the 
grandness of the spirit of humanity so broadly displayed in the 



4 28 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

efforts made for the recovery of the bodies of the men who 
perished in the tunnel, and in the sympathy shown by the Order 
present and the community at large. Dr. Eddy then offered up 
a prayer and pronounced the benediction. The procession was 
then reformed, in reverse order, the remains returned to the 
hearse, and the cortege proceeded up Eighth Street to Jersey 
Avenue, Grand Street, Pacific Avenue, Communipaw Avenue, 
Ocean Avenue, to New York Bay cemetery, where the remains 
were interred with Pythian honors. Among those employed at 
the tunnel who attended the funeral were Superintendent An- 
dersen, Secretary Fowler, and Foreman Hurley, and among the 
Knights distinguished in the Order were Gen. Wm. Ward, Post- 
master of Newark; P. S. R.'s Badgeley and Stumpfel, P. G. C. 
George H. Kidder; G. V. C. James R. Rutan, G. K. R. & S. 
Eugene V. Lorton ; Dr. Balsby, D. D. G. C. of Brooklyn ; ex- 
D. D. G. C. Horner of New York. The funeral arrangements 
were in charge of undertaker Wm. H. Speer, and were carried 
out with the utmost correctness in every particular. 



DR. JOHN S. KING, 

Past Grand Chancellor and Supreme Representative of Ontario. 

DR. JOHN S. KING was born at Georgetown, county of 
Halton, Ontario, Canada, on April 26, 1843, and is a self- 
made man, having ^entered upon a life of relf-reliance at 
the age of nineteen years, when he became a school-teacher. 
His scholastic preparation anterior to this time had been effected 
during winter nights by dint of hard study without a teacher, 
his days being spent at hard work in the county of Wentworth, 
on what was known as the clearing of a new farm. In the 
calling of a teacher he rapidly rose, soon becoming principal 
of the Waterloo Central School, which had a staff of five 
teachers. While thus engaged he was mainly instrumental in 
organizing the Waterloo County Teachers' Association, of which, 
for the first two years of its existence, he was president, by the 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 429 

unanimous vote of its membership. Meanwhile he had become 
a paid contributor to various newspapers and periodicals, which 
induced him to cease teaching. As a writer he was not long in 
becoming favorably known to the press of his native province, 
Ontario. He has at one time or another contributed to most of 
the leading papers in Canada, but was for three years, prior to 
entering the medical profession, on the editorial staff of the 
Toronto Globe, during which period he was the Canadian cor- 
respondent of the Chicago Tribune, in addition to being a 
regular contributor to a number of other leading Canadian 
papers. Dr. King is a member of the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons of Ontario. He also holds the degree of M. D. 
from the University of Victoria College, and two years ago 
received the Government appointment of Medical Officer of the 
Ontario Reformatory for Females, and of the Industrial Refuge 
for Girls. In addition to this the Doctor has a large and lucra- 
tive practice, holding prominent rank in his profession, and is 
well and favorably known as a citizen of Toronto, the capital of 
Ontario. 

Early in the year 1874 Dr. King formed a favorable opinion 
of the Knights of Pythias Order, and became a Knight a few 
weeks before the end of the first semi-annual term in that year. 
In July, 1874, he was installed Prelate of Ivanhoe Lodge, No. 4, 
and served the full term. The following term he was elected 
and served in the office of V. C, and the next term saw him 
filling the position of C. C, and the subsequent term the office 
of P. C. Up to this time the Brother was never absent from 
his Lodge meetings but on two occasions. He entered the 
Grand Lodge for the first time in 1876, being one of the rep- 
resentatives from Ivanhoe Lodge, No. 4. At the same session 
he was elected Grand Chancellor by the unanimous vote of that 
body. In placing him in the responsible position of Grand 
Chancellor of the Order in the province of Ontario, the brethren 
felt they had the right man in the right place. The condition 
of the Order at that time was anything but encouraging. The 
Lodges were very much isolated, some of them being hundreds 
of miles distant from Toronto, and the condition and working 



430 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

unsatisfactory. To Grand Chancellor King the members now 
looked as the saviour of their Order ; and the trust proved to be 
well and truly placed, for he set himself to work with a will and 
spent five consecutive weeks in visiting every Lodge in Ontario, 
exemplifying the work, and conferring degrees, instructing and 
encouraging the members, and generally bringing order out of 
chaos. The results of his labors during the year were so gratify- 
ing that at the following session of the Grand Lodge he was 
made the recipient of a splendid P. G. C.'s jewel, bearing an 
inscription, together with a most handsomely illuminated ad- 
dress, the gift of the subordinate Lodges of Ontario. The cir- 
cumstances connected with the presentation will never be for- 
gotten by those who were present. The Brother was ignorant 
of what awaited him, when, immediately after a second unani- 
mous election as Grand Chancellor, and his installation in that 
office, Supreme Chancellor Stillman S. Davis, then on an official 
visit to the Ontario Grand Lodge Session, rose, and, at the request 
of the brotherhood, made the presentation of the jewel and the 
following address, viz. : 

To Bro. Dr. John S. King, 

Past Grand Chancellor, K. of P. 

Dear Brother : — We are sometimes led to feel that men are ungrateful, 
and do not appreciate real merit, and devotion to the happiness of others. In 
many instances I regret I am compelled to admit this is true. The world is 
looked upon as cold and selfish, each seeking their own happiness and 
aggrandizement, ever taking to themselves the credit due to others; this 
cannot but make the sensitive heart of the honest and unselfish man to grieve, 
and feel that purity of heart and motive is not appreciated or rewarded, and 
sometimes we would say "'tis true, 'tis pity, and pity 'tis 'tis true." But, 
my brother, there are noble exceptions to this. Occasionally we meet 
with those who honor and reward the unselfish labors of their fellow-men 
in their efforts to relieve the distress and sufferings, so often the lot of 
mortals. 

You have served the Grand Lodge and Jurisdiction of Knights of 
Pythias of Ontario as Grand Chancellor the past year with unswerving 
fidelity. Your decisions have been impartial, your counsel and advice wise, 
your administration that of a wise, efficient, and devoted officer. You have 
won the hearts of the Knights of Ontario ; in token of this confidence, you 
have been re-elected by your brothers to-day to serve another term as their 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK 43 1 

executive officer. In addition to this they have elected you to represent this 
jurisdiction in the council of the Supreme Lodge of the World, a position I 
know you will fill with credit to yourself and your constituents. I have 
declared you duly installed as Grand Chancellor of this Grand Lodge for the 
ensuing and second term. When this declaration was made you assumed 
the rank and title of Past Grand Chancellor in this Order. Your friends 
knew this honor awaited you, and have been preparing for this occasion; 
they, like noble, chivalrous Knights, have remembered your faithful services 
and prepared this jewel of your rank as P. G. C. as a token of their appreci- 
ation of your efficient and unselfish services as their executive officer. I am 
requested to present it to you in the name of the loyal Knights of Ontario. 
Accept it, my brother, and as you look upon it in years to come, let it remind 
you of the love of these brethren for you, and their appreciation of your 
faithful services as their executive officer. 

And may the bonds of Friendship, Charity, and Benevolence here cemented 
never be broken. 

Brother King, though ordinarily a ready and fluent speaker, 
was so overcome by his feelings that for a time he remained 
speechless, though he subsequently acknowledged in a suitable 
manner the splendid tribute of personal regard. 

At three successive annual sessions Dr. King was unanimously 
elected Grand Chancellor. At the session of 1879, though 
strongly pressed, he declined to accept a re-election. During 
those three years the Brother conferred the ranks on more candi- 
dates than did any Brother ever confer in Ontario. As a result 
of his labors the order doubled its membership. 

No sooner was Dr. King qualified to be a Supreme Represen- 
tative than he was elected to serve in that capacity. He first 
became a member of the Supreme Lodge at the Cleveland session 
in 1877, and soon proved an active and useful member. At 
that session he served on the Finance Committee. During the 
session, at the grand banquet given in honor of the Supreme 
Lodge, he was one of the speakers of the evening, and did credit - 
to Canada in an excellent speech. The following session at 
Indianapolis he was chairman of the Finance Committee. He 
was prevented from being present at the St. Louis session, but 
again appeared at the Detroit session, and served on the Com- 
mittee on the State of the Order ; and during the last days of 
the session served as Acting Supreme Prelate. He labored hard 



432 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

with his colleague, S. R. Geo. H. Mitchell, in securing from the 
Supreme Lodge a special concession to his Grand Jurisdiction 
in the matter of abolishing the Endowment Section and Rank. 
We now learn that he is again at work with his old-time energy 
in infusing new life into the Order, and is urging the formation 
of Uniform Rank Divisions. He has the reputation of being 
an able advocate of the principles of the Order, a good and 
fluent speaker, a ready writer, an excellent executive officer, and 
an enterprising, generous, and honorable brother Knight. 



CHARLES D. LUCAS, 

Past Supreme Prelate. 



THIS Past Grand Chancellor of the Knights of Pythias of 
Missouri was born in Independence, Jackson county, Mis- 
souri, on the 5 th day of May, 1834. After having received 
a liberal education, he embarked in the dry-goods business, and 
continued in the same until the year 1867, at which time, on 
account of the illness of his father, Gen. Samuel D. Lucas, who 
was the Recorder of Deeds of Jackson county, Mo., he was 
called upon to discharge the duties of that office. Upon the 
decease of his father, he was appointed to fill the unexpired 
term, and was himself elected for the first time to the office in 
the year 1870 ; he was again elected in the fall of 1874, which 
office he now holds. 

Grand Chancellor Lucas was the first Grand Vice Chancellor 
of the State of Missouri, being elected at the organization of 
the Grand Lodge at the city of St. Louis, Missouri, for the term 
of six months, at the expiration of which term he was, without 
opposition, elected to the office of Grand Chancellor for the 
term of one year. Having served in that office to the satis- 
faction of all, his jurisdiction appreciating and approving his 
past services, elevated him to the position of Supreme Repre- 



h 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 433 

sentative, which position he has held continuously ever since. 
At the session of the Grand Lodge of Missouri, in Novem- 
ber, 1875, Mr. Lucas was again called to accept the office of 
Grand Chancellor, much against his own wishes ; but ever 
ready and willing to advance the cause of Friendship, Charity, 
and Benevolence, he yielded to the earnest solicitations and 
requests of his numerous friends and brethren throughout his 
jurisdiction, and was a second time elected to the high and 
honorable position of Grand Chancellor. Much of the pros- 
perity of the Order in his own State is attributed to his untiring 
energy and zeal in the cause, and it can be truthfully stated that 
he was the originator, and started the first two Lodges in the 
jurisdiction of Kansas, and thus materially aided in adding 
another star to our galaxy. He was elected Supreme Prelate, at 
the session in 1876, of the Supreme Lodge of the World, held 
at Independence Hall, Philadelphia. 



HON. HOWARD MALCOLM KUTCHIN, 

Past Grand Chancellor and Supreme Representative of 

Wisconsin. 

THIS eminent Knight is a native of Norristown, Pa., and is 
now a resident of the city of Fond du Lac, State of Wis- 
consin. He is the son of the Hon. Thomas T. Kutchin, 
a Pennsylvania!! by birth, although of English descent. His 
father in early life studied for the ministry, and at one time had 
charge of a Baptist church in Philadelphia. Later in life he 
studied law, and entered upon its practice as a partner of the 
Hon. Robert M. Palmer, of Pottsville, Pa., who was at the 
time a representative in Congress from the Schuylkill county 
District. 

He was a favorite political speaker, and was successful in his 
chosen field of labor. He removed to Wisconsin in 1855, 
where he remained until his decease, in 1879. The mother of 
- 37 2 C 



434 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

the subject of our sketch was of Welsh extraction, her ances- 
tors reaching America in 1684. The forefather who established 
the family in the United States was a clergyman, and was the 
recipient of a large grant of land in Bucks county, Pa., from 
William Penn. 

The family was very prominent and distinguished in the early 
history of Pennsylvania. 

The subject of this sketch received a common school educa- 
tion. After he quit school, he adopted journalism as a life avo- 
cation, and at the age of twenty was city editor of the Cairo 
(111.) Daily News. Afterwards he held positions on various 
journals in different cities of the North and West. In 1867 he 
purchased the Fort Atkinson (Wis.) Herald, and sold it in 1870. 
He subsequently visited California, where he was for a time em- 
ployed on the San Diego Union. In 1871, our brother returned 
to Wisconsin, and bought an interest in the Fond du Lac Daily 
Cojnmonwealthy and is now the sole proprietor and editor-in- 
chief of that most excellent journal. He has achieved distinc- 
tion as a political writer, having been offered and declined the 
enviable position of editor-in-chief of the Milwaukee Sentinel, 
the leading journal of Wisconsin. In 1879, ne was appointed 
Collector of Internal Revenue for the Third District of Wis- 
consin, by President Hayes, but his nomination failed of a con- 
firmation by the Senate, by a party vote, for purely political 
reasons, and by reason of a personal controversy between him- 
self and the Democratic member of Congress from his Congres- 
sional District. 

Upon the election of Garfield he was again appointed Col- 
lector, but the latter dying before the nomination was sent to 
the Senate he was reappointed by President Arthur, and there- 
after confirmed. The case presents the remarkable feature of 
an appointment to the same office by three different Presidents, 
in a space of less than two years. Our brother is an honored 
member of the Masonic Order, A. O. U. W., and Knights of 
Honor, and has filled various positions of responsibility in the 
former. He is a communicant and vestryman of the Epis- 
copal Church, and a member of the Chapter of St. Paul's Cathe- 
dral. 




HON. GEO. B. KATZENSTEIN. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 435 

The subject of this sketch is a strong, active, and very influ- 
ential political worker, and was an ardent admirer and supporter 
of the late Senator Carpenter, between whom and himself the 
warmest and most intimate personal relations existed. But very- 
few men in Wisconsin command greater respect, 01 wield a more 
powerful influence in giving direction to public sentiment on 
the political issues of the day. 

His Pythian history is full of interest to the Order. He was 
made a Knight upon the organization of Fidelity Lodge, No. 
19, in the city of Fond du Lac, September, 1875. ^ n Decem- 
ber, 1875, was elected Vice Chancellor; in December, 1876, 
was elected Chancellor Commander; in December, 1877, was 
elected Representative to the Grand Lodge; in February, 1878, 
was elected Grand Vice Chancellor; in February, 1880, was 
elected Grand Chancellor, and in February, 1881, was duly 
elected Supreme Representative for a term of four years. 

Although a new member, he has already won the esteem and 
confidence of his brothers in the Supreme Lodge of the World, 
and by his zeal, fidelity, and ability will render more valuable 
service to the Order at the ensuing session. 

His wife's maiden name was Elsie M. Irving, who is of 
Scotch extraction, although a native of Wisconsin. They were 
married in 1867, at St. Joseph, Mo., and have two children, a 
son and daughter. 

HON. GEO. B. KATZENSTEIN, 
Grand. Chancellor of California. 

THIS Pythian celebrity was born in the city of New 
Orleans, Louisiana, on November 28, 1848, and is now 
in the thirty-sixth year of his age. His parents were 
Alsatians, being a mixture of French and German, and the sub- 
ject of this brief sketch speaks well and fluently the languages 
of these nations. He is also complete master of the English 
language. 

His educational advantages were limited to the public 
schools of Marysville, being a graduate of the High School 



436 COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT BOOK. 

of that beautiful city. He is a gentleman of excellent personnel 
fine native abilities and of rare conversational powers. 

On his return home from a visit to the Crescent City, he 
visited Toronto, Ontorio, and whilst there addressed the Knights 
of that splendid city. Dr. John S. King, Supreme Prelate, 
writes the Supreme Chancellor, in relation to such visit and 
address, in the following strong language, to-wit: 

" I have also the pleasure of informing you that Bro, Geo. B. 
Katzenstein, Grand Chancellor of California, will call upon you 
in a day or two after receipt of this letter. 

He was in Toronto attending the grand gathering of Good 
Templers, and on Saturday evening met about 50 of our members 
whom he completely captured. He is a splendid fellow, a 
good speaker, a fine looking man, reliable, good company, 
and full of life and spirit. We had very little time with him 
and would have been glad to have had more. I bespeak a 
hearty welcome for our good brother from the golden state. 

He has won golden opinions here, and I should say he is 
worth his weight in gold as a Pythian worker." 
This distinguished brother is by no means a stranger to other 
fraternal associations, having beenat the head of the Order of 
Good Templars of the world duringthe years 1881, 1882, and 
1883, and is still the sitting P. R.W. G. T. of that organization. 
He is also an active member of the Grand Lodge, A. O. U. W., 
of California, and has served onthe Committee on Constitutional 
Amendments for the past twoyears. Grand Chancellor Katzen- 
stein has been a member of the Grand Lodge I. O. O. F. of the 
Golden State, for the past ten years, and has served on many 
leading committees in that body. 




~^ 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 437 

HON. SAMUEL READ, 
Past Supreme Chancellor. 

THE subject of this brief sketch was born on the 26th day of 
January, 181 5, and is the son of the late General Samuel J. 
Read, one of the ablest lawyers o'f the New Jersey bar. He 
was educated in the public schools of New Jersey, and whilst at 
home was accustomed to severe manual labor. Endowed by 
nature with an excellent physical constitution, and with a high 
order of mind, he seems now to be in the prime of life, at the 
advanced age of sixty-nine. 

On arriving at majority, he studied law, was admitted to the 
bar, and immediately commenced practising the profession with 
characteristic energy and industry. His strong social nature 
soon led him to connect himself with the Masonic and Odd- 
Fellow fraternities, in which Orders he became very popular as a 
genial, social, warm-hearted man, who would share his purse and 
crust of bread with a deserving friend with a cheerfulness sel- 
dom displayed by men in this selfish age. He has held an 
exalted rank in Odd-Fellowship for the past forty years, and 
this fact aided materially in his advancement to the high posi- 
tion he now holds in our beloved Order. At one time he was 
the M. W. Grand Master of New Jersey, and in 1848, 1849, 
and 1850 was the Grand Representative of the Grand Lodge 
of New Jersey in the Grand Lodge of the United States. He 
was also the Grand Representative from the Grand Encampment 
of New Jersey in 1868, and was also Deputy Grand Master of 
the Masonic Grand Lodge of that State. No member in either 
of those noble Orders is better or more favorably known than 
Past Supreme Chancellor Read.' 

When the Order of Knights of Pythias was first introduced 
into his State, he was among the first that enlisted under its 
banners; was elected first Chancellor Commander of New Jersey 
Lodge, No. 1 ; was afterwards appointed Deputy Grand Chan- 
cellor of the State, and upon the organization of the Grand 
Lodge, was unanimously elected Grand Chancellor, in which 
capacity he served with credit to himself and honor to the great 
37* 



43 8 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

cause. He has devoted time, talents, and money to the up- 
building of all the charitable institutions of the country for the 
past third of a century, being especially active and efficient in 
extending Pythian principles. Such men are an honor, not 
only to the Order, but to the race from which they spring. 

" He hath a tear for pity, and a hand 
Open as day, for melting chanty ; 

and the elements 
So mixed in him, that Nature might stand up 
And say to all the world, This is a man.' 1 



HON. WILLIAM WORTH BLACKWELL, 

Past Grand Chancellor and Supreme Representative of 
Kentucky. 

THIS eminent Knight of Kentucky was born in Henderson 
county, in that "State, on the 5th day of April, 1849. He 
is the son of Paul A. Blackwell and Martha S. Crimes, who 
were married in Virginia, and emigrated to Kentucky in 1848. 
His parents are still living, and still reside in Henderson county. 
The subject of this sketch received a common school education, 
in his native county and State, the studies being limited to those 
of a common school house, intermingled with a little Latin and 
Greek, to aid in perfecting his knowledge of English grammar. 
At the age of fifteen years he entered a store as clerk, and has 
since remained in the hardware business, becoming a partner in 
1869, under the firm name and style of P. A. Blackwell & Co. 

The firm and name still exist, with prospects of being con- 
tinued indefinitely. By pursuing a straightforward, honest, 
manly course in all his business relations, it is easy to see how 
he now commands a large circle of business friends and ac- 
quaintances, and has been more than ordinarily successful in the 
prosecution of various enterprises. He was made a Knight in 
the year 1872, and attained the high and honorable rank of 
Past Chancellor in 1876. In 1877, he entered the Grand Lodge 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 439 

of Kentucky, an*d the same year was elected to fill the honorable 
office of Grand Master of Exchequer. He was elected Grand 
Vice Chancellor in 1878, and Grand Chancellor in 1879. 

At the close of his term of office as Grand Chancellor, he was 
made the recipient of an engrossed resolution of thanks (the 
only one ever granted by the Grand Lodge of Kentucky) for 
the able, efficient, and impartial manner of conducting the 
office. In 1 88 1, our Brother was elected Supreme Representa- 
tive for four years, and took the Supreme Lodge degree at 
Detroit session of the Supreme Lodge of the World (1882). 
His term as Supreme Representative expires on December 31, 
1885. 

The subject of this sketch is a Past Grand and Past Chief 
Patriarch of the I. O. O. F., P. C. R. of Forresters, and P. M. 
W. of A. O. U. W. 

He is and has been all his life an uncompromising Democrat 
in politics, and it matters not how long his life may be spared, 
it is safe to assume that his politics will remain the same. On 
October 5, 1869, he intermarried with Marcia A. Stinson ; there 
is one child, the fruit of such marriage, a boy, now about twelve 
years of age. 

Ever since he entered the Grand Lodge of Kentucky, his 
counsel, advice, and influence have left an impression on all the 
legislation of the Grand Lodge. It is conceded that he is one 
of the leaders in the Pythian ranks in that grand State, and this 
fact is fully attested by his election to the supreme judicial and 
legislative body of the Order. 

Although not an orator, in the highest sense of the term, still, 
he has the ability and capacity of expressing forcibly his views, 
on all such questions as arise in such tribunals as the Supreme 
Lodge of the World. He has a well-balanced mental organism, 
with good personnel, and is industrious, faithful, and prudent in 
legislation. We doubt very much whether there is a more 
efficient or capable legislator in the. body, taking his work in the 
committee room and on the floor. The Grand Jurisdiction of 
Kentucky, so far as her Representatives are concerned, stands 
abreast with any of her sister Grand Jurisdictions. 



44° THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

HON. HALVOR NELSON, 

Past Grand Commander and Supreme Representative of the 
District of Columbia. 

THE subject of our sketch was born in Norway, September 
13, 1836. At the age of twelve years procured and held 
for four years a clerkship in a post-office and bank in his 
native town. His early education was obtained from private 
teachers, who were compensated for their services from the 
scanty income received by him, while serving in the above 
capacity. During the next five years Brother Nelson divided 
his time in the dry-goods, grocery, and commissiori business, 
continuing his studies and perfecting himself in the art of book- 
keeping. 

Emigrating to America in 1856, he embarked in business in 
the West, and had the misfortune to experience most bitterly 
the financial panic of 1857. At the breaking out of the war, 
he entered the U. S. army as a private, and after five years 
of honorable service was duly mustered out as captain. On 
account of his wounds and in consideration of his superior 
clerical ability, he was not relegated to private life, but was 
immediately appointed clerk at military headquarters, where 
he remained until 1873, wnen he was transferred to the Adjutant- 
General's office, War Department, where he now occupies a 
desk of great responsibility, honored and respected by his chief 
and all the officers of the Bureau. 

Knight Nelson became a Knight of Pythias early in 1873, 
receiving the ranks in Myrtle Lodge, No. 4, of Detroit, Mich., 
was admitted as Past Chancellor at the semi-annual session of 
the Grand Lodge of Michigan, July 29, 1873 ; joined Webster 
Lodge, No. 7, D. C, in the early part of 1874, of which Lodge 
he has been Chancellor Commander several terms, and is now 
its presiding officer. 

His credentials as P. C. were accepted by the Grand Lodge, 
D. C, July 28, 1874, and he has since Jan. 26, 1875, been con- 
tinually a representative from Webster Lodge. Was elected from 
the floor Grand Chancellor, Jan. 23, 1877, and Supreme Rep- 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 44I 

resentative Jan. 25, 1881. He was made a member of the 
Endowment Rank Committee at the session of the Supreme 
Lodge held at Detroit, in 1882, a member of the Finance 
Committee on the examination of the accounts of the Supreme 
Officers at Indianapolis, Ind., in 1883, and was selected by the 
Board of Trustees for, and subsequently appointed by Supreme 
Chancellor Linton, a member of the Board of Control of the 
Endowment Rank. On Dec. 3, 1877, while G. C. of the 
District of Columbia, Bro. Nelson was elected Secretary and 
Treasurer of Sec. No. 6, to which position he has been re-elected 
at each annual session He was the first Lieutenant Commander 
of Washington Division, No. 1, U. R., and though declining 
re-election or promotion is still an active and earnest member 
of that branch of the Order. Bro. Nelson is also a member of 
the Masonic, Odd-Fellows, and Jonadab Orders, in the latter has 
filled the position of Sovereign Grand Chief. In Masonry, he 
is in good standing in the Blue Lodge, R. A. Chapter, and 
Commandery. In the A. A. S. R. he has obtained the 3 2d 
degree, and at present is Secretary of Rose Croix Chapter, No. 
1, and Recorder of Robert de Bruce Council of Kadosh, etc. 
There is perhaps no member in the Supreme Jurisdiction who 
is more interested in the success of and better acquainted with 
the Endowment Rank of our Order than Bro. Nelson. The 
very acme of his ambition is to see this popular branch so per- 
fected in its workings as to make it a lasting success. His 
counsel and advice on all matters connected with it are eagerly 
sought and relied upon. Socially, Bro. Nelson is of rather 
retired disposition ; but when once his natural reserve wears 
away and he appears in the light of a friend, his attachments 
are as true and lasting as life itself; and his friendship once 
bestowed is looked upon by the recipient as a pearl of inesti- 
mable value. His standing in the community in which he resides 
is second to none, as in all his business affairs, of whatever nature, 
he is ever governed by those strict rules of probity that have 
made his name the synonym of everything that is upright, 
straightforward, and just. 



44 2 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

CHARLES A. LEE, 
Past Grand Chancellor and. Supreme Representative. 

THE subject of our sketch was born in Pawtucket, December 
14, 1845, an d is, consequently, not very far advanced on 
the shady side of thirty-nine. Receiving the elements 
of a modern New England education, he graduated from the 
academy at Lonsdale at the age of eighteen, and immediately 
entered the office of the Gazette and Chronicle, in his native 
town, having, while a pupil at school, developed a strong lik- 
ing and a natural taste for the art of printing, having con- 
ducted an "amateur" office of his own long before he finally 
adopted the business of his future calling. Working steadily, 
and mastering all details of the business, eleven years later, or 
in 1875, he became one of the editors and proprietors of the 
Gazette and Chronicle, one of the most influential of New Eng- 
land weekly journals, to which he had long been a contributor. 
Possessing a good name and reputation, and wielding a ready 
and graceful pen, he has steadily, and without studied effort, 
built up a local fame that may, with naught to mar it in the fu- 
ture, enlarge and expand far beyond its original local sphere. 

When Eureka Lodge, No. 5, was instituted at Pawtucket, he 
was among the earliest accessions to its ranks, and was the unan- 
imous choice of its members for the highest position in their 
gift for the succeeding term. The following year he was again 
elected Chancellor, faithfully serving his Lodge for a second 
term. When Ivanhoe Lodge, No. 16, an offshoot of Eureka, 
was formed, in February, 1874, he was chosen to fill ^the chair, 
and performed his duties for the term in an acceptable manner. 

At the annual session of the Grand Lodge in February, 1875, 
he was the almost unanimous choice for Grand Chancellor, hav- 
ing previously served in the offices of Grand Vice Chancellor 
and Grand Master-at-Arms. His elevation to the high office 
was brought about by no means on his part, unless it was a faith- 
ful discharge of his duties in all other offices which he had pre- 
viously filled. His re-election to the chair at the last annual 
session of the Grand Lodge was a most flattering confirmation 





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COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 443 

of his first year's work, and was all the stronger from the fact 
that his two competitors were gentlemen whose names are well 
known all over the State, and especially in legislative and legal 
circles. 

In person, the Grand Chancellor is six feet one inch in height, 
of slim, but compact build, calm in demeanor and debate, re- 
tiring in manners, fearless in opinion, and of courteous and 
friendly disposition. A fair extemporaneous speaker, he pos- 
sesses the merit in speaking, as well as in writing, of condens- 
ing his thoughts, presenting his subject clearly, and, speaking 
always to the point, of never tiring his hearers. A thorough 
hater of " rings" and "cliques," firmly opposed to election- 
eering in the Lodges, the Order in this State has no more faith- 
ful advocate of its principles, no stronger defender of its rights, 
and no more consistent and conscientious servant than the sub- 
ject of this brief biographical sketch. 



444 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

SYRACUSE. 

(SIRAGOSA IN ITALIAN.) 

Hotels, "del Sole and Vittoria" 

Its population in ancient times was 500,000 ; some affirm 
1,000,000. It is now reduced to 21,000. It was founded by the 
Corinthians in 735 b. c, and soon became the first of all the 
Sicilian cities, and at one time governed nearly the whole of 
Sicily. In 416 b. c. the Athenians invaded the country, but 
they were repulsed in every direction. Under the Democracy 
the Carthaginians besieged the country, but it was saved by 
Dionysius L, who soon usurped the sovereign power and trans- 
mitted it to his son, Dionysius II., who found it impossible to 
retain it. A frightful anarchy followed his expulsion. Dion, 
Timolean, Agathocles and Hieron, in their turn, held the power, 
and Syracuse became mistress of all the eastern portion of the 
island, while Carthage held the west. In a. d. 878 it was cap- 
tured and almost ruined by the Saracens, and the earthquakes 
of 1694 and 1758 finished its ruin. 

Among the objects of antiquity which it now possesses are the 
" Cathedral," which was converted from the Temple of Minerva; 
the famous " Fountain of Arethusa/' the glory of ancient Syra- 
cuse, which is now degraded into a washing-tub; and the " Ear 
of Dionysius/ ' which is supposed to be the prison where the tyrant 
Dionysius incarcerated suspected persons. It is formed in the 
solid rock, in the shape of the letter S, narrowing gradually to- 
ward the end. Along the prison runs a groove, which collected 
the sounds of the voices. By applying his ear to the end of the 
groove Dionysius -could ascertain if his suspicions were correct. 
The " Catacombs " in Arcadina are of vast extent. They con- 
sist of one principal avenue, with smaller ones branching off, cut 
in the solid rock. The recesses on each side contain cells for the 
reception of the dead, The " Greek Theatre/ ' one of the 




^ 
^ 



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COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 



445 



largest of its kind, was hewn out of the solid rock. It was 
of semicircular form, nearly five hundred feet in diameter, and 
forty-three rows of seats are still visible. In the " Latomiae,'' 
or prisons, which are cut in the solid rock, of great depth, 
open at the top, but with steep over-hanging sides, the Syra- 
cusans confined the remains of the expedition sent by Athens 
to subjugate them. They amounted to over 7,000 men. They 
were here shut up for two months, with half supply of food, 
just sufficient to keep them alive, exposed to the vertical sun 
by day and the dews by night, without any method to pre- 
serve cleanliness and coming in contact every moment with the 
sick, dead, and dying. At the end of two months those few who 
had escaped these horrors with their lives were brought out and 
sold for slaves. This enterprise was the largest ever fitted out 
by any Greek state for the reduction of a foreign power. The 
attention of all the powers was fixed on this expedition, and all 
Greece was sanguine of its success ; but jealousy in the manage- 
ment of the undertaking was the cause of its defeat. Alcibiades, 
whose experience, ability, and decision were universally acknowl- 
edged, was removed, and the command given to Nicias, who 
was deficient in the necessary qualifications. The consequence 
was the defeat of the Athenian fleet, and the glory and empire 
of Athens. 

The siege of Syracuse by the Romans, 212 years before Christ, 
is one of the most celebrated in ancient history. 

Here the great Archimedes rendered himself famous, for not 
only had the Romans to contend against the natural strength 
and fortifications of the city, but against the wonderful machines 
first invented by this great mechanic. 

The city never could have been taken but for the treachery of 
one of the Syracusan commanders. 

Archimedes, Theocritus, and Moschus were all natives of Syra- 
cuse. 

Up to the year 1693 Syracuse was a city of great importance, 
but the dreadful earthquake of that year laid her monuments and 
houses in ruins. 

38 



446 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



FRIENDSHIP. 



Dr. Johnson most beautifully remarks that " When a friend is 
carried to his grave, we at once find excuses for every weakness, 
and palliations of every fault ; we recollect a thousand endear- 
ments, which before glided off our minds without impression, a 
thousand favors unrepaid, a thousand duties unperformed, and 
wish, vainly wish, for his return. Not so much that we receive-, 
as that we may bestow happiness, and recompense that kindness 
which before we never understood." 



THERE SHALE BE NO PAIN THERE. 

" This promise is one of the golden clusters that grow on that 
vine planted for the healing of the Nations, the Bible ! How 
blessed a promise of the life that is to come is this one, those 
only can know who have walked long and frequently under the 
shadows of weariness and suffering. ' No pain there ' to struggle 
with and endure ; no burdens laid upon the eager spirit which 
the weak frame cannot sustain ; no work under which heart and 
strength fail, and which is at last laid mournfully aside ; no long 
hours of fever and restlessness ; no overtasked brain and nerves 
in the homestead of those whom God shall remember as His 
jewels ! So, be comforted ye that mourn ! Green and shining 
rise the banks beyond the dark valley, and sweet healing is in 
the winds that wander off from the meadows, freighted with 
blossoms fairer than the roses and lilies of earth ! 

"Take through your pilgrimage this promise, let it be new 
incentive and strength and comfort to you — There shall be no 
pain there \ ' ' 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 447 

ONLY THE GOOD AND THE TRUE 
ABIDE. 

" Those who have truth and right on their side, who are con- 
scious of acting from a principle of justice and integrity, can 
afford to wait patiently until the false judgments that interest, 
prejudice, or venality create to their injury, have passed, as all 
noxious vapors pass under the clear rays of that sun whose 
benignant face they seek to hide. Only what is based on truth 
and right has anything of permanence. A reputation built on 
any other foundation, no matter how imposing it may be for a 
time, has in it no abiding element. Pretence is a gilded ball, 
from which the glitter soon wears away — a house built on the 
sand, and destined to sure destruction— ^a mere cloud in the 
heavens, that must dissolve in the sun of truth. Be not dis- 
couraged or impatient, ye who are laboring with a seeming lack 
of appreciation in good works, nor ye who have your good 
deeds accounted by evil men as evil, because there is in them a 
power that works adversely to their selfish ends. Your reward 
is sure ; it comes to you daily, in a sweet consciousness of right 
living ; it will come to you in the after time, when every man's 
work is tested, and only what is good abides. Be patient, good 
and true men — You can afford to wait." 



IMMATURITY OF OUR YOUNG MEN. 

President Fulton, of Harvard University, in his. inaugural 
address, made use of the following suggestive language : 

" Our young American needs, more than European youth, 
the training that shall give him composure and self-command ; 



448 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

that shall give him the mastery of his faculties, and the habit of 
steady action. He is a citizen of a vast republic, wherein every 
man has his career to open, his fortune to make, his success to 
achieve. He feels, every moment, the social or party pressure, 
and the weight of individual responsibility. These very circum- 
stances make the period in which we live one which tempts the 
young man into premature activity. He is allured into the busy 
scene when his faculties are but half unfolded ; his principles 
are as yet uncertain ; his views vague, his hopes gorgeous as the 
rainbow, and perhaps as faltering and unsubstantial. His tastes 
unformed, and his moral being crude as the unripe fruit of every 
summer. A solid character is not the growth of a day — the 
intellectual faculties are not matured without long and vigorous 
culture. To refine the taste is a laborious process. To fortify 
the reasoning power with its appropriate discipline is an arduous 
undertaking. To store the mind with sound and solid learning 
is a work of long and studious years. It is the business of *the 
higher education to check this fretful impatience, this crude and 
eager haste to drink the cup of life, to exhaust the intoxicating 
draught of ambition.* ' 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 449 



[From the German of Schiller.] 



HOPE, FAITH, LOVE. 



There are three lessons I would write — 
Three words as with a burning pen, 

In tracings of eternal light 
Upon the hearts of men. 

Have Hope. Though clouds environ now, 
And gladness hides her face in scorn, 

Put thou the shadow from thy brow — 
No night but hath its morn. 

Have Faith. Where'er thy bark is driven, 
(The calm's disport, the tempest's mirth,) 

Know this : God rules the host of Heaven, 
The inhabitants of earth. 

Have Love. Not love alone for one, 
But man, as man, thy brothers call ; 

And scatter, like the circling sun, 
Thy charities on all. 

Thus grave these lessons on thy soul — 

Hope, Faith, and Love — and thou shalt find 

Strength when life's surges rudest roll, 
Light when thou else wert blind. 

2D 38* 



FRIENDSHIP. 



In your friendships and in your enmities let your confidence 
and your hostilities have certain bounds; make not the former 
dangerous, nor the latter irreconcilable. There are strange vi- 
cissitudes in business. — Chesterfield. 

Friendship is infinitely better than kindness. — Cicero. 

A friendship will be young after the lapse of a century. A 
passion is old at the end of three months. — Nigro. 

What is commonly called friendship is no more than a part- 
nership ; a reciprocal regard for one another's interests, and an 
exchange of good offices; in a word, a mere traffic, wherein self- 
love always proposes to be a gainer. — Rochefoucauld. 

Perhaps the most delightful friendships are those in which there 
is much agreement, much disputation, and yet never personal 
liking. — G. Eliot. 

We call friendship the love of the Dark Ages. — Madame de 
Salm. 

Whatever the number of a man's friends, there will be times in 
his life when he has one too few. — Bulwer Lytton. 

We must love our friends as true amateurs love painting; they 
have their eyes perpetually fixed on the fine parts, and see no 
others. — Madame d* Epinay. 

The friendships of the world are oft confederacies in vice, or 
leagues of pleasure. — Addison. 

My friends ! There are no friends ! — Aristotle. 

Friendship is a vase, which, when it is flawed by heat or violent e 
or accident, may as well be broken at once, it never can be 
trusted after. The more graceful and ornamental it was, the 
more clearly do we discern the hopelessness of restoring it to 
its former state. Coarse stones, if they are fractured, may be 
cemented again; precious ones never. — Landor. 

45* 



452 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Be on such terms with your friend as if you knew that he might 
one day become your enemy. — Laberius. 

To say, with La Rochefoucauld, that " in the adversity of our 
best friends there is something that does not displease us," and 
to say that in the prosperity 01 our best friends there is something 
that does not please us, seems to be the same thing; yet I believe 
the first is fahe, and the latter true. — Lord Gre.ville. 

Friendship ! mysterious cement of the soul ! sweet'ner of life ! 
and solder of society ! — Blair. 

Nothing is more dangerous than an imprudent friend ; better 
is it to have to deal with a prudent enemy. — La Fontaine. 

True friends are the whole world to one another; and he that 
is a friend to himself is also a friend to mankind. Even in my 
studies the great delight I take is of imparting it to others ; for 
there is no relish to me in the possessing of anything without a 
partner. — Seneca. 

There have been fewer friends on earth than kings. — Cowley. 

When the first time of love is over, there comes a something 
better still. Then comes that other love; that faithful friendship 
which never changes, and which will accompany you with its 
calm light through the whole of life. It is only needful to place 
yourself so that it may come, and then it comes of itself. And 
then everything tunes and changes itself to the best. — Fredrika 
Bremer. 

That friendship will not continue to the end that is begun for 
an end. — Quailes. 

A faithful friend is the true image of the Deity. — Napoleon. 

Real friendship is a blow grower; ard never thrives unless 
engrafted upon a stock of known and reciprocal merit. — Chester- 
field. 

Every friend is to the other a sun, and a sunflower also. He 
attracts and follows. — Richter. 

Friendship is love without its flowers or veil. — Hare. 

A friend loveth at all times ; and a brother is born for ad- 
versity. — Bible. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 453 

We may have many acquaintances, but we can have but few 
friends ; this made Aristotle say that he that hath many friends 
hath none. —Johnson. 

There is no man so friendless but that he can find a friend sin- 
cere enough to tell him disagreeable truths. — Bulwer Lytton. 

Our most intimate friend is not he to whom we show the most, 
but the best of our nature. — Hawthorne. 

If we would build on a sure foundation in friendship, we must 
love our friends for their sakes rather than for our own. — Char- 
lotte Bronte. 

The amity that wisdom knits not, folly may easily untie. — 
Shakespeare. 

There is perhaps no time at which we are disposed to think so 
highly of a friend as when we fir.d him standing higher than we 
expected in the esteem of others — Sir Walter Scott. 

We love everything on our own account ; we even follow our 
own taste and inclination when we prefer our friends to ourselves; 
and yet it is this preference alone that constitutes true and perfect 
friendship. — Rochefoucauld. 

How were friendships possible? In mutual devotedness to the 
good and true; otherwi e impossible, except as armed neutrality 
or hollow commercial league. A man, be the heavens ever 
praised, is sufficient for himself; yet were ten men, united in 
love, capable of being and of doing what ten thousand singly 
would fail in. Infinite is the help man can yield to man. — 
Carlyle. 

Wise were the kings who never chose a friend till with full cups 
they had unmasked his soul, and seen the bottom of his deepest 
thoughts. — Horace. 

He that doth a base thing in zeal for his friend burns the golden 
thread that ties their hearts together. — -Jeremy Taylor. 

He who reckons ten friends has not one. — Malesherbes. 

There are no rules for friendship. It must be left to itself; we 
cannot force it any more than love.— Hazlitt. 

The greatest medicine is a true friend. — Sir W. Temble. 



454 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

There is nothing that is meritorious but virtue and friendship, 
and, indeed, friendship itself is but a part of virtue. — Pope. 

Old friends are the great blessings of one's latter years. Half 
a word conveys one's meaning. They have memory of the same 
events, and have the same mode of thinking. I have young rela- 
tives that may grow upon me, for my nature is affectionate, but 
can they grow old friends? My age forbids that. Still less can 
they grow companions. Is it friendship to explain half one says? 
One must relate the history of one's memory and ideas; and 
what is that to the young but old stories.— Horace Walpole. 

Friendship is constant in all other things, save in the office 
and affairs of love. — Shakespeare. 

We learn our virtues from the bosom fiiends who love us; our 
faults from the enemy who hates us. We cannot easily discover 
our real form from a friend. He is a mirror on which the warmth 
of our breath impedes the clearness of the reflection. — Richter. 

Friendship is the only thing in the world concerning the use- 
fulness of which all mankind are agreed. — Cicero. 

The most elevated and pure souls cannot hear, even from the 
lips of the most contemptible men, these words, "friendship," 
" sensibility," "virtue," without attaching to them all the gran- 
deur of which their heart is susc< ptible. — Richter. 

A friend that makes the least noise is very often the most use- 
ful; for which reason I should prefer a prudent friend to a zealous 
one. — A ddison . 

We lose some friends for whom we regret more than we grieve ; 
and others for whom we grieve, yet do not regret. — Rochefoucauld. 

Friendship requires deeds. — Richier. 

Be careful to make friendship the child and not the father of 
virtue; for many strongly knit minds are rather good friends than 
good men; so, as though they do not like the evil their friend 
does, yet they like him who does the evil ; and though no coun- 
sellor of the offence, they yet protect the offender. — Sir P. Sidney. 

A iriend should bear his friend's infirmities. — Shakespea7'e. 



• COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 455 

If thy friends be of better quality than thyself, thou mayest be 
sure of two things ; the first, that they will be more careful to 
keep thy counsel, because they have more to lose than thou hast ; 
the second, they will esteem thee for thyself, and not for that 
which thou dost possess. — Sir Walter Raleigh. 

The friendship of high and sanctified spints loses nothing by 
death but its alloy ; failings disappear, and the virtues of thoNe 
whose " faces we shall behold no more" appear greater and more 
sacred when beheld through the shades of the sepulchre. — Robert 
Hall. 

Friendship is made fast by interwoven benefits. — Sir P. Sidney. 

When men are friends there is no need of justice; but wncn 
they are just, they still need friendship. — Aristotle. 

Friendship, gift of heaven, delight of great souls ; friendship 
which kings, so distinguished for ingratitude, are unhappy enough 
not to know. — Voltaire. 

Friends are as companions on a journey, who ought to aid each 
other to persevere in the road to a happier life. — Pythagoras. 

We have social strength. Our affection toward others creates 
a sort of vantage or purchase which nothing will supply. I can 
do that by another which I cannot do alone. I can say to you 
what I cannot first say to myself. Oth^r men are lenses through 
which we read our own minds. — Emerson. 

Purchase no friends by gifts; when thou ceasest to give such 
will cease to live. — Fuller. 

The generality of friends puts us out of conceit with friendship; 
just as the generality of religious people puts us out of conceit 
with religion. — Rochefoucauld. 

Friendship is the medicine for all misfortune; but ingratitude 
dries up the fountain of all goodness. — Richelieu. 

Take heed how you place your good-will upon any other ground 
than proof of virtue. Neither length of acquaintance, mutual 
secrecies, nor height of benefits,, can bind a vicious heart ; no 
man being good to others that is not good in himself.— Sir P. 
Sidney. 



45 6 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

There are jilts in friendship as well as in love, and by the be- 
havior of some men in both, one would almost imagine that they 
industriously sought to gain the affections of others with a view 
only of making the parties miserable. — Fielding. 

The ideal of friendship is to feel as one while remaining two. — 
Madame Swetchine. 

Friendship is stronger than kindred. — Publius Syms. 

Friendship is full of dregs. — Shakespeare. 

To be influenced by a passion for the same pursuits, and to 
have similar dislikes, is the rational groundwork of lasting friend- 
snip. — Cicero. 

Rare as is true love, true friendship is rarer. — La Fontaine. 

Friendships which are born in misfortune are more firm and 
lasting than those which are formed in happiness. — D 1 Urfey. 

I love a friendship that flatters itself in the sharpness and vigor 
of its communications. — Montaigne. 

Friends should be weighed, not told ; who boasts to have won 
a multitude of friends has never had one. — Coleridge. 

Nature loves nothing solitary, and always reaches out to some- 
thing as a support, which ever in the sincerest friend is most dc«- 
lightful . — Cicero. 

Summer friends vanish when the cask is drained to the dregs, 
their necks refusing to halve the yoke that sorrow draws. — Horace. 

Let friendship creep gently to a height ; if it rush to it, it may 
soon run itself out of breath. — Fuller. 

Friendship improves happiness and abates misery, by the dou- 
bling of our joy and the dividing of our grief. — Cicero. 

Those who want friends to open themselves unto are cannibals 
of their own hearts. — Bacon. 

Friendship is the shadow of the evening, which strengthens 
with the setting sun of life. — La Fontaine. 

The friends thou hast, and their adoption tried, grapple them 
to thy. soul with hooks of steel. — Shakespeare. 

The loss of a friend is like that of a limb. Time may heal the 
anguish of the wound, but the loss cannot be repaired. — Southey. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 457 

Friendship is too pure a pleasure for a mind cankered with 
ambition, or the lust of power and grandeur.— Junius. 

Friendship throws a greater lustre on prosperity, while it light- 
ens adversity by sharing in its griefs and anxieties. — Cicero. 

There is a power in love to divine another's destiny better than 
that other can, and by heroic encouragements hold him to task. 
What has friendship so signal as its sublime attraction to whatever 
virtue is in us? — Emerson. 

True friends visit us in prosperity only when invited, but in 
adversity they come without invitation. — Theophrastus. 

The qualities of your friends will be those of your enemies, — 
cold friends, cold enemies ; half friends, half enemies ; fervid 
enemies, warm friends. — Lavater. 

Be slow to fall into friendship ; but when thou art in continue 
firm and constant. — Socrates. 

He who cannot feel friendship is alike incapable of love. Let 
a woman beware of the man who owns that he loves no one but 
herself. — Talleyrand. 

Something that is like home, that is not home, is to be de- 
sired ; it is to be found in the house of a friend. — Sir William 
Tei7iple. 

Friendship is given us by nature, not to favor vice, but to aid 
virtue. — Cicero. 

Dread more the blunderer's friendship than the calumniator's 
enmity. — Lavater. 

It is a common saying, and because founded in truth, has be- 
come a proverb, that friendship ought to be immortal, but enmi- 
ties mortal. — Livy. 

Convey thy love to thy friend as an arrow to the mark, to stick 
there ; not as a ball against the wall, to rebound back to thee. — 
Quailes. 

A principal fruit of friendship is the ease and discharge of the 
fulness and swellings of the heart, which passions of all kinds do 
cause and induce. — Bacon. 
39 



CHARITY. 



Posthumous charities are the very essence of selfishness, when 
bequeathed by those who, when alive, would part with nothing. 
— Cotton. 

Heaven be their resource who have no other but the charity of 
the world, the stock of which, I fear, is no way sufficient for the 
many great claims which are hourly made upon it. — Sterne. 

I would have none of that rigid, circumspect charity which is 
never done without scrutiny, and which always mistrusts the 
truth of the necessities laid upon it. — Massillon. 

The spirit of the world encloses four kinds of spirit, diametri- 
cally opposed to charity — the spirit of resentment, spirit of aver- 
sion, spirit of jealousy, and the spirit of indifference. — Bossuet. 

Charity is an eternal debt, and without limit. — Basquier 
Quesnal. 

The heart of a girl is like a convent : the holier the cloister, 
the more charitable the door.— Bulwer Lytton. 

Though we may sometimes unintentionally bestow our benefi- 
cence on the unworthy, it does not take from the merit of the 
act ; for charity doth not adopt the vices of its objects. — 
Fielding. 

When I die, I should be ashamed to leave enough to build me 
a monument, if there were a wanting friend above ground. I 
would enjoy the pleasure of what I give by giving it alive and 
seeing another enjoy it. — Pope. 

Be not frightened at the hard words " imposition, " "impos- 
ture ;" give, and ask no questions. Cast thy bread upon the 
waters. Some have, unawares, entertained angels. — Lamb. 

It is good to be charitable; but to whom? That is the point. 
As to the ungrateful, there isn't one who does not at last die 
miserable. — La Fontaine. 

459 



460 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Charity, though enjoined by the Christian law, and the law of 
nature itself, is withal so pleasant that, if any duty can be said 
to be its own reward, or to pay us while we are discharging it, it 
is this.— Fielding. 

That comes too late that comes for the asking. — Seneca. 

But when thou doest alms, let not thy left hand know what 
thy right hand doeth. — Bible. 

A woman who wants a charitable heart, wants a pure mind. — 
Halliburton. 

It is fruition, and not possession, that renders us happy. — 
Montaigne. 

If there be a pleasure on earth which angels cannot enjoy, and 
which they might almost envy a man the possession of, it is the 
power of relieving distress; if there be a pain which devils might 
pity man for enduring, it is the deathbed reflection that we have 
possessed the power of doing good, but that we have abused and 
perverted it to purposes of ill. — Colton. 

Charity is the scope of all God's commands. — St. Chrysostoni. 

In all other human gifts and passions, though they advance 
nature, yet they are subject to excess; but charity alone admits 
no excess. For so we see, by aspiring to be like God in power, 
the angels transgressed and fell ; by aspiring to be like God in 
knowledge, man transgressed and fell; but by aspiring to be 
like God in goodness or love, neither man nor angel ever did or 
shall transgress. For unto that imitation we are called. — Bacon. 

Charity is that rational and constant affection which makes us 
sacrifice ourselves to the human race, as if we were united with 
it, so as to form one individual, partaking equally in its adversity 
and prosperity. — Confucius. 

For charity shall cover the multitude of sins. — Bible. 

Cast thy bread upon the waters, for thou shalt find it after 
many days. — Bible. 

Wherever the tree of beneficence takes root, it sends forth 
branches beyond the sky. — Saadi. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK, 46 1 

It is an old saying that charity begins at home; but this is no 
reason it should not go abroad. A man should live with the 
world as a citizen of the world. He may have a preference for 
the particular quarter, or square, or even alley, in which he 
lives ; but he should have a generous feeling for the welfare of 
the whole.— Cumberland. 

A rich man without charity is a rogue, and perhaps it would 
be no difficult matter to prove that he is a fool. — Fielding. 

In giving of thy alms, inquire not so much into the person, as 
his necessity. God looks not so much upon the merits of him 
that requires, as into the manner of him that relieves; if the 
man deserve not, thou hast given it to humanity. — Quarks. 

That charity is bad which takes from independence its proper 
pride; from mendicity its salutary shame. — Southey. 

In faith and hope the world will disagree, but all mankind's 
concern is charity. — Pope. 

And learn the luxury of doing good. — Goldsmith. 

There is no dearth of charity in the world in giving, but there 
is comparatively little exercised in thinking and speaking. — Sir 
P. Sidney. 

The charities of life are scattered everywhere, enamelling the 
vales of human beings as the flowers paint the meadows. They 
are not the fruit of study, not the privilege of refinement, but a 
natural instinct. — Bancroft. 

Charity, — gently to hear, kindly to judge. — Shakespeare. 

The secret pleasure of a generous act is the great mind's great 
bribe. — Dry den. 

My poor are my best patients. God pays for them. — Boer- 
haave. 

Beneficence is a duty. He who frequently practises it, and 
sees his benevolent intentions realized, at length comes really to 
love him to whom he has done good. — Kant. 

Charity resembleth fire, which inflameth all things it toucheth. 
—Erasmus. 
39* 



462 COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 

We should give as we would receive — cheerfully, quickly, and 
without hesitation; for there is no grace in a benefit that sticks 
to the fingers. — Seneca. 

Be charitable and indulgent to every one but yourself. — 
Joubert. 

We are rich only through what we give, and poor only through 
what we refuse. — Madame Swet chine. 

And now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three; but the 
greatest of these is charity. — Bible. 

Shut not thy purse-strings always against painted distress. 
Act a charity sometimes. When a poor creature (outwardly and 
visibly such) comes before thee, do not stay to inquire whether 
the " seven small children," in whose name he implores thy 
assistance, have a veritable existence. Rake not into the bowels 
of unwelcome truth to save a half penny. It is good to believe 
him. — Lamb. 

The last, best fruit which comes to late perfection, even in the 
kindliest soul, is tenderness toward the hard, forbearance toward 
the unforbearing, warmth of heart toward the cold, philanthropy 
toward the misanthropic. — Richter. 

Charity is that sweet smelling savour of Jesus Christ, which 
vanishes and is extinguished from the moment that it is exposed. 
— Mas si lion. 

The charities that soothe and heal and bless are scattered at 
the feet of man like flowers. — Wordsworth. 

I will chide no breather in the world but myself, against whom 
I know most faults. — Shakespeare. 

Charity suffereth long, and is kind; charity envieth not; 
charity vaunteth not itself unseemly, seeketh not her own, is not 
easily provoked, thinketh no evil ; rejoiceth not in iniquity, but 
rejoiceth in the truth; feareth all things, believeth all things, 
hopeth all things, endureth all things. — Bible. 

Grasp the whole world of reason, life, and sense, in one close 
system of benevolence ; happier, as kinder, in whatsoe'er degree, 
and height of bliss, but height of charity. — Pope. 



BENEVOLENCE 



There do remain dispersed in the soil of human nature divers 
seeds of goodness, of benignity, of ingenuity, which, being cher- 
ished, excited, and quickened by good culiure, do, by common 
experience, thrust out flowers very lovely, and yield fruits very 
pleasant of virtue and goodness. — Barrow, 

There is nothing that requires so strict an economy as our be- 
nevolence. We should husband our means as the agriculturist 
his manure, which, if he spread over too large a superficies, pro- 
duces no crop, — if over too small a surface, exuberates in rankneoS 
and in weeds. — Cotton. 

He that does good to another does good also to himself, not 
only in the consequence, but in the very act ; for the conscious- 
ness of well-doing is in itself ample reward. — Seneca. 

Men resemble the gods in nothing so much as in doing good 
to their fellow creatures. — Ciceto. 

Thy love shall chant itself its own beatitudes, after its own life 
working. A child-kiss, set on thy sighing lips, shall make thee 
glad ; a poor man, served by thee, shall make thee rich ; a rich 
man, helped by thee, shall make thee strong; thou shalt be served 
thyself by every sense of service which thou renderest. — E. B. 
Browning. 

To feel much for others and little for ourselves; to restrain our 
selfish, and to indulge our benevolent affections, constitute the 
perfection of human nature. — Adam Smith. 

When thou seest thine enemy in trouble, curl not thy whiskers 
in contempt ; for in every bone there is marrow, and within every 
jacket there is a man.— Saadi, 

4 6 3 



464 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

Doing good is the only certainly happy action of a man's life. — 
Sir P. Sidney. 

It is another's fault if he be ungrateful, but it is mine if I do 
not give. To find one thankful man I will oblige a great many 
that are not so. — Seneca. 

Liberality consists less in giving profusely than in giving judi- 
ciously. — Bruyere. 

Our hands we open of our own free will, and the good flies, 
which we can never recall. — Goethe. 

Good deeds in this life are coals raked up in embers, to make 
a fire next day. — Sir T. Over bury. 

Benevolence and feeling ennoble the most trifling actions. — 
Thackeray. 

The opportunity of making happy is more scarce than we 
imagine ; the punishment of missing it is, never to meet with it 
again ; and the use we make of it leaves us an eternal sentiment 
of satisfaction or repentance. — Rosseau. 

Better to expose ourselves to ingratitude than fail in assisting 
the unfortunate. — Du Cceur. 

For his bounty, there was no winter in it; an autumn 'twas, 
that grew the more by reaping. — Shakespeare. 

Rare benevolence, the minister of God. — Carlyle. 

He is good that does good to others. If he suffers for the good 
he does, he is better still ; and if he suffers from them to whom 
he did good, he is arrived to that height of goodness that nothing 
but an increase of his sufferings can add to it ; if it proves his 
death, his virtue is at its summit, — it is heroism complete. — 
Bruyere. 

We should do good whenever we can, and do kindness at all 
times, for at all times we can. — Joubert. 

From the low prayer of want, and plaint of woe, O never, never 
turn away thine ear ! Forlorn, in this bleak wilderness below, 
ah! what were man, should heaven refuse to hear! To others do 
(the law is not severe) what to thyself thou wishest to be done ; 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 465 

forgive thy foes, and love thy parents dear, and friends, and 
native land, nor these alone ; — all human weal and woe learn thou 
to make thine own. — Beattie. 

A beneficent person is like a fountain watering the earth, and 
spreading fertility; it is, therefore, more delightful and more 
honorable to give than to receive. — Epicurus. 

There cannot be a more glorious object in creation than a 
human being replete with benevolence, meditating in what man- 
ner he might render himself most acceptable to his Creator by 
doing most good to his creatures. — Fielding. 

Time is short, your obligations are infinite. Are your houses 
regulated, your children instructed, the afflicted relieved, the 
poor visited, the work of piety accomplished ? — Massillon. 

The office of liberality consisteth in giving with judgment. — 
Cicero. 

Good the more communicated, more abundant grows. — Milton. 

The greatest pleasure I know is to do a good action by stealth, 
and to have it found out by accident. — Lamb. 



2E 



A DIALOGUE 

BETWEEN DIONYSIUS, DAMON, AND PYTHIAS. 



Written in French by the Most Rev. Francis Fenelon, 
Archbishop of Cambray. 

Freely Paraphrased in English, and adapted to the use of the Knights of 
Pythias, by Charles Cowley, Past Grand Chancellor. 



Dionysius. Jupiter Olympus! What do I see? Damon — 
returned ! It is, indeed, Damon. I never thought it possible. 
After all, he has come back to die, to redeem his friend. 

Damon. Yes, it is Damon. I left my dungeon to pay my 
vows to Heaven, to settle my affairs, and bid my family a last 
adieu ; and now I am satisfied, and can die in peace. 

Dionysius. But why have you returned ? Have you no love 
of life or dread of death ? Why, man, you are mad, to thrown 
away your life in this way. 

Damon. I have come back to die, though I have done nothing 
to deserve it. But my honor forbids me to break my word, or to 
allow my friend to die in my place. 

Dionysius. What, then do you love Pythias better than 
yourself ? 

Damon. No; but I love him as myself; and I know that I 
ought to die rather than Pythias ; for it was I that was adjudged 
to death. It would be most unjust that Pythias should perish to 
save me from the scaffold which has been erected — not for him, 
but for me. 

467 



4 68 



THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



DroNYSius. But you think it is as unjust to put you to death 
as it is to put Pythias to death. 

Damon. Very true; we are both perfectly innocent ; and the 
death of one of us is as unjust as the death of the other. 

Dionysius. Then why is it more unjust to put Pythias to 
death than yourself? 

Damon. It is as unjust that I should suffer as that Pythias 
should suffer ; yet it would be most cruel and unjust in me to 
permit Pythias to suffer the penalty which was imposed by you, 
though most unjustly, for my act alone. 

Dionysius. You mean to say, then, that you have come back 
on the day assigned for your execution, with no motive but this 
fastidious sense of honor, and solely for the purpose of saving the 
life of Pythias by sacrificing your own ! 

Damon. I have come back, so far as you are concerned, to 
suffer an unjust and cruel penalty, too common under such 
governments as yours ; but as to Pythias, I am come merely to 
perform my duty, by rescuing him from the peril which his own 
generosity assumed by his becoming surety for my return. 

Dionysius. And now, Pythias, I will hear you. Had you no 
fear that Damon would fail to return ; and that you, as his surety, 
would be executed in his stead ? 

Pythias. O, I never had a doubt that Damon would return. 
I know the integrity and fidelity of the man ; and I knew he 
would be far more anxious to keep faith with me, than to save 
his own life. For myself, I wish his family and friends had kept 
him at home. If his life had thus been preserved, he would have 
lived as a benefactor, not only to his own family, but to Syracuse, 
to Sicily, and to the world. Under such circumstances, I should 
have died without regret. 

Dionysius. Is life then a burden to you, that you are so 
ready to throw it away. 

Pythias. This world — this kingdom of Sicily — has no charm 
for me, where my life, my liberty, and my property can be taken 
from me, at any moment, at the word or nod of a tyrant. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 469 

Dionysius. Very well, then. You shall see Damon no more. 
I will order you to immediate execution. 

Damon. Pardon the feelings of a man who has sympathy for 
his dying friend. Remember, it was I whom you doomed to 
death; and, here, I have come to suffer that death in order that 
I might redeem my friend. Pray, do not deny me this one con- 
solation in my last hour. 

Dionysius. But men who despise death, and set my Govern- 
ment at defiance, are not to be endured in Syracuse. 

Pythias. Cannot virtue be endured in Syracuse ? Is it nothing 
that a man is so faithful to his friendships that he will pledge his 
own life to redeem his friend ? 

Dionysius. Friendship is well enough in its place ; but what 
I cannot endure is that proud, disdainful virtue, which holds life 
in contempt, which has no dread of death, and for which wealth 
and pleasure have no charm. 

Pythias. And yet you see that virtue, which you despise, is 
not insensible to the dictates of Honor, Justice, and Friendship. 

Dionysius. O, I see, it is useless to parley with such men. 
Guards, take Damon to the scaffold. Let us see whether Pythias 
will respect my authority. 

Pythias. Pardon a single word. Damon, by coming back 
and submitting himself to your displeasure, has merited your 
favor, and deserves to live \ while I have excited your indignation 
by resigning myself to your power, in order to save him. Pray, 
let one life atone for both ; "be content with one sacrifice, and let 
me be put to death. 

Damon. Hold, Dionysius ! Remember, it was Damon alone 
who offended you. Pythias could not — 

Dionysius. Gracious Heavens ! What do I see and hear ? 
Where -am I, and what am I? Utterly wretched and miserable, 
and so I deserve to be. I have known nothing of true virtue till 
now. I have passed my life without love. I have had wealth, 
office, honor, power ; but these cannot buy friendship — they can 
40 



470 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

never win love. For thirty years I have swayed Sicily and Syra- 
cuse. I have had a host of sycophants, but never a single friend, 
who deserved that name. And here, these two men, in private 
life, love one another, trust one another, confide in one another, 
are thoroughly happy in one another, and either of them would 
be glad to die to save the other. 

Damon. How could you, Dionysius, who have never loved 
anyone yourself, expect to win friends? Had you yourself loved 
or respected other men, you would thereby have won their love 
and respect in return. But you loathe and dread all mankind, 
and, as a natural consequence, they loath and dread you. 

Dionysius. Damon — Pythias — your attachment to each other 
is wonderful [1 It is a revelation to me, which I would not forget. 
Will you — can you — admit me as the third member in a union 
that is so perfect ? I freely give you your lives ; and I will open 
to both of you the road to wealth and fame. 

Damon. We have no wish for riches. The philosopher 
whose disciples we are, has taught .us a higher code of ethics than 
you would care to accept. The virtue which he inculcates, is an 
active virtue — a constant endeavor to represent everywhere on 
earth the beauty, the unity, and the harmony which are displayed 
in the order of the universe. How could you, who, for fifty 
years, have given free play to every passion, now acquire that 
mastery of all your passions which Pythagoras insists on ? We 
should be glad of your friendship ; but we could not accept it 
without these qualifications. One word more, Dionysius, before 
we quit your presence. You would have friends; but, except 
upon these conditions, the desire is a vain longing. You have — 
and while in power you can always have — slavish sycophants and 
vile flatterers ; but to be loved and esteemed by free and generous 
souls, you must yourself learn to live as they live, and acquire 
their virtues. Without that love, death comes to us as the King 
of Terrors. With that love filling your own soul, and reciprocated 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. ^y X 

by other souls, you will learn that death is but an event in life, 
and not its close. To live in hearts that love us is not to die. 

Dionysius. Noble sentiments, Damon and Pythias ! Believe 
me, I am not insensible to them ; nor am I incapable of that 
friendship which you have exemplified in so wonderful a manner. 
Let the same historian who records this marvellous example of 
your friendship for each other, also record that, forgetting and 
forgiving the wrong which I have done you in subjecting you to 
this cruel ordeal, you accepted the gift of your lives as the proof 
of my sincerity, and received the tyrant of Syracuse to share in 
your friendship. 

Damon and Pythias. We will; we will ! 

Dionysius. Be friends. 

Damon and Pythias. Henceforth and forever I 

Note. — See Iamblicus, Vit. Pythagoras, 33 ; Diodorus Siculus, Fragmenta, 
Liber X, 3; Valerius Maximus, Liber IV., cap. 7, ext. I; Cicero, Offices, 
Book 3, cap. X., etc. 

















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15^15 



i Station of Chancellor Commander. 

2 Orator's station. 

3 Station of Vice Chancellor. 

4 Station of Past Chancellor. 

5 Station of Prelate 

6 Station of Master of Finance. 

7 Station of Master of Exchequer. 

8 Station of Keeper of Records and Seal. 

9 Station of Master-at-Arms. 
io Station of Inner Guard. 

ii Station of Outer Guard. 



12 Altar. 13 Organ. 14 Organist. 

15 Quartette choir. 16 Seats for guests. 

17 Route of procession of Knights entering 

Castle Hall. 

18 Point at which procession halts. 

19 Route of procession of officers entering 

Castle Hall 

20 Chairs for Knights. 

21 Vacant chair. 

22 Point at which Knights enter triangle. 

23 Inner door, 



MEMORIAL SERVICE, 

Adopted by the Supreme Lodge of the World 
at New Orleans, La., April 24, 1884. 



PREPARATIONS AND PROPERTIES. 

An Altar, with open Bible, covered with a pall of white cloth 
or muslin. Rosettes of white and black cloth may be placed on 
the sides of the Altar. A wreath of immortelles, not less than 
eighteen inches in diameter, resting on the Bible. 

Each of the officer's stations must be suitably draped with 
white and black cloth, and the Castle Hall as much so as deemed 
expedient. 

All gavels and swords suitably draped with white. 

A helmet, pair of gauntlets, sheathed sword, and the jewel of 
the deceased Brother's rank should be placed on the vacant 
chair. (21.)* 

A Bible at Prelate's Station. 

The Choir should consist of four voices — soprano, alto, tenor, 
and bass — and sufficient time should be given the singers to 
practise the odes, that the vocal part of the programme may be 
effectively rendered.*)" 

* In the event the services are held to commemorate the death of more 
than one Brother, the vacant chair and accompanying symbols will be 
omitted from the properties, and the word or words inserted in parenthesis 
in the Ritual will be read in place of those indicating the singular number. 

f Should it be impracticable to provide a suitable choir and organist to 
render the music, any of the familiar hymns to the words of " I would not 
live alway " and the melody at present adopted for the " Good Night" ode 
in the Lodges, may be used. The march may also be dispensed with, or one 
less difficult substituted. 

40* 473 



4 74 THE ANIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

The Organist should be instructed by the Master-at-Arms as 
to time when the march should commence and end. 

Each Officer and Knight must be supplied with a sprig of 
myrtle previous to entering the Castle Hall. 

The chairs — " 20 " — corresponding with the number of Knights 
present, must be placed in triangle shape, facing inward, as shown 
by diagram. 

The Master-at-Arms will then retire and form procession of 
officers, as follows : Outer Guard, Inner Guard, Master of Finance, 
Master of Exchequer, Prelate, Vice Chancellor, Chancellor Com- 
mander (with orator on his arm), Past Chancellor. This proces- 
sion will follow the course marked " 19." As each officer, except 
the Master-at-Arms, reaches his station, he will take his position 
thereat and remain standing. The Master-at-Arms will take his 
position after the Inner Guard and Outer Guard have assumed 
theirs. 

Note. — These ceremonies should not be commenced until the audience is 
seated. 

MEMORIAL SERVICE. 

C. C. [One rap.] Vice Chancellor. 

V. C. Chancellor Commander. 

C. C. Vice Chancellor, I wiil thank you to inform the Inner 

Guard that Lodge, No. — , Knights of Pythias, is about to 

convene in special session, that he may hold himself in readiness 
to admit our friends and Brothers without ceremony. 

V. C. Inner Guard. 

/. G. Vice Chancellor. 

V. C. The Chancellor Commander directs me to inform you 

that Lodge, No. — , Knights of Pythias, is about to convene 

in special session, and to instruct you to admit all friends and 
Brothers without ceremony. 

/. G. The commands of the Chancellor Commander shall be 
obeyed. 



COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 



475 



V. C. Chancellor Commander, the Inner Guard has received 
your instructions and will obey them. 

C. C. Vice Chancellor, are all of our Brethren present? 

V. C. I regret to say, Chancellor Commander, that our 
triangle of Friendship, Charity, and Benevolence is incomplete. 

C. C. How do you account for the absence of one (the 
Brethren) whose pleasure it was to be with us in our deliberations? 

V. C. He has (they have) received and obeyed a summons 
from the Supreme Chancellor on High. 

C. C. What, then, is our duty as a Lodge? 

V. C. To dispense with all further business, that due Pythian 
honors may be paid to the memory of our absent Brother 
(Brothers). 

C. C. Is everything in readiness for the proper observance of 
our mournful duty ? 

V. C. All preparations have been duly made. 

C. C. It is well ! Master-at-Arms. 

M.-at-A. Chancellor Commander. 

C. C. You will issue the proclamation. 

M.-at-A. By direction of the Chancellor Commander, I now 

proclaim Lodge, No. — , Knights of Pythias, duly and 

regularly convened for memorial services. 

C. C. [Three raps. At this signal the officers and brethren 
are seated.] 

C. C. Frtends and Brothers : The Order of the Knights of 
Pythias proclaims to the world that its province is one of mercy 
to mankind. Its aim, to relieve the distressed, to visit the sick, 
to watch at the bedside of a dying Brother, bury the dead, care 
for the widow, and educate the orphan. But its mission does 
not end with the fulfillment of these duties. As we honored the 
living, so do we honor the dead. Our Brother (Brothers), whom 
we knew and loved in the close, tender, and enduring ties which 
bound us together in life, lies (lie) cold and silent in the con- 
secrated tomb. The familiar voice (voices) that administered or 
responded to the solemn obligations is (are) now hushed forever 



4 -6 - THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

on earth. The eyes that looked into our own with the responsive 
glances of Friendship, Charity, and Benevolence, will gaze upon 
us no more. The hand (hands) that gave us the true Pythian 
grasp lies (lie) motionless ; the warm heart is (hearts are) pulse- 
less now in the sanctuary of its (their) icy bosom (bosoms). The 
generous soul (souls) that thrilled so promptly and so often to the 
manly sympathies of Pythianism has (have) risen at last from the 
tenement of clay to its (their) immortal mansion (mansions) in 
the skies. 

He has (they have) left our Castle Hall below to travel the 
valley of the shadow of death to the glorious and everlasting 
Lodge on high. 

We have now assembled to pay our tributes of respect and 
affection to his (their) memory, accompanying them with suitable 
demonstrations of our Order. 

The Prelate will invoke the blessing of Deity upon us. 

[One rap. All rise.] 

Prelate : 

PRAYER. 

O God, Creator, Father, Friend ! we come to Thee in our weakness, and 
humbly crave Thy help. We lay our burden of great sorrow at Thy feet, 
and cry aloud to Thee fur comfort in our affliction. Thou hast, for some 
wise purpose, seen fit to remove from amongst us a Brother (Brothers) be- 
loved. Thou hast severed a link from our endless chain of fraternity that 
can never be replaced. Sanctify, we beseech Thee, this solemn evidence 
of Thy power, that it may redound to our eternal good. May we be re- 
minded of the uncertainty of human life and the frailty of all things earthly. 

We pray Thee, O Father, to direct and assist us in the mournful services 
of this hour, and grant that we may be solemnly impressed with the necessity 
of preparing ourselves for the great change which awaits us all. And to Thy 
name we will ascribe all honor, praise, and glory, now and evermore. Amen. 

C. C. [Three raps. All seated.] The Choir will please sing 
the hymn, " I would not live alway." 



I WOULD NOT LIVE ALWAY. 

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4 g2 THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 

C. C The Prelate will read a few selections from our Book 
of Law. 

Prelate (reads) : 

11 Man that is born of a woman is of few days and full of trouble. He 
cometh forth as a flower and is cut down ; he fleeth also as a shadow and 
continueth not." 

" As the waters fail from the sea and the flood decay eth and dryeth up, so 
man lieth down, and riseth not up till the heavens shall be no more." 

"Behold, O Lord, we are in distress; our hearts are turned within us'; 
there is none to comfort us; mourning and lamentation are heard among us. v 
" Thou hast cut off the life of our brother, and the waters of affliction flow 
over our heads. The joy of our heart has ceased, and our gladness is turned 
into mourning." 

" Behold, I show you a mystery. We shall not all sleep, but we shall be 
changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump. So when 
this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put 
on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written: 
Death is swallowed up in victory. O Death, where is thy sting ? O Grave, 
where is thy victory ? " 

C. C will now address us. 

[oration.] 

Note. — After the Oration other addresses may be made, if practicable. 
Chancellor Commander. [Two raps.] 
Officers rise and assemble at altar, taking stations as indicated below : 

1 Chancellor Commander. 

2 Master-at-Arms. 

3 Master of Exchequer. 

4 Vice Chancellor. 

5 Inner Guard. 

6 Outer Guard. 

7 Past Chancellor. 

8 Keeper of Records and Seal. 

9 Prelate. 

io Master of Finance. 

The C. C, K. of R. and S., M. of E., M. of F., and M.-at-A. enter at head 
of triangle. The P. C, V. C , P., I. G., and O. G. enter at base. 



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COMPLETE MANUAL AND TEXT-BOOK. 483 

C. C. Gently and tenderly, with the ungloved hand of 
Friendship, we reverently place upon this altar the emblematic 
Myrtle of our Order. 

Officers place myrtle on wreath. 

V. C. Thus renewing the pledge of fidelity to the memory of 
our dead. 

C. C. Vice Chancellor, of what is the Myrtle emblematic ? 

V. C. Sincere and lasting Friendship. 

P. " God can bestow nothing more sacred upon us." 

P. C. "It enhances every joy, mitigates every pain.'' 

V. C. " Friendship — our Friendship — is like the beautiful 
shadows of evening." 

C. C. " Spreading and growing till life and its light pass 
away." 

Officers return to stations. 

M.-at-A. [From station.] Attention, Knights! 

At this command the knights arise and (with the exception of those seated 
at the base line) face the Vice Chancellor ; these latter face right and left, 
separating the file at "22." 

M.-at-A. March ! 

The Knights march as they enter " 22 " by twos, separating right and left 
at the base of altar, each placing the sprig of myrtle on the wreath of im- 
mortelles in passing, following line of march indicated on diagram until all 
have returned to their former station. The Master-at-Arms, when the pro- 
cession is nearly finished, resumes his station. 



MARCH. 



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M.-at-A. Halt ! 

C. C. [Three raps. Music ceases. Knights resume their 
seats.] 

C. C. [One rap. Officers and members rise.] The Prelate 
will address the Throne of Grace. 

Prelate : 

CLOSING PRAYER. 

Our Father in Heaven, we beseech Thee to bless the solemn 
services in which we have been engaged. May our faith in Thy 
power be strengthened and ever abide with us. We humbly 
commend to Thy fatherly goodness and mercy the sorrowing 
hearts that surround us. We pray Thee, O Lord, to let the grace 
of Thy loving kindness remain with them in their hours of sad- 
ness and woe, that they may be strengthened by Thy presence, 
and better enabled to bear the great affliction which has befallen 
them. 

We entreat Thy blessing upon our beloved Order and each 
and every member thereof. May we never forget that without 
Thine aid and countenance all of our efforts to exemplify its 
teachings will prove unavailing. 

Be with us, we pray Thee, as we journey hence to our respective 
homes, and grant that when the final summons cometh we may 
be permitted to enter into that Kingdom, eternal in the Heavens, 
where sorrow and affliction are unknown. And to thy great 
name we will ascribe all honor, praise, and glory now and ever- 
more. Amen. 

C. C. [Three raps. Officers and members seated.] The 
Choir will please sing our closing ode — " Good Night/ ' 



GOOD NIGHT. 



Arr. by Dr. E. S. Kimball. 

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night ! 



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THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS 



After \vhich the Chancellor Commander rises and addresses the audience 
as follows : 

C. C. Friends and Brothers: Our solemn services are 
ended. We thank you, one and all, for the manifest interest you 
have evinced in our ceremonies. We, as Pythians, love our 
Order. Our Brethren are bound to us by ties so strong and 
firm that naught but death can part us. And when, by the 
mysterious providence of Him who shapes our destiny, a link in 
our chain is broken, the tears involuntarily flow, and our hearts 
are burdened with grief. As honest mourners, with all the be- 
coming funeral rites of our fraternity, we follow to the grave 
those who are called before us, thus fulfilling one of the covenants 
made to the living. Yet so deeply enshrined in our heart of 
hearts are our absent ones, that time nor space cannot efface them 
from our memory. We never do forget them. 

" We let the years go ; " 

" Wash them clean with tears;" 

" Leave them to bleach out in the open day,." 

"Or lock them careful by, like dead friends' clothes/ 

" Till we shall dare unfold them without pain : " 

" But we forget not — never can forget." 

I now declare these memorial services ended and the Lodge 
closed. 



93 7 ° 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS • 



027 273 502 5 



